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This paper investigates a Vienna rectifier as a charger for series-connected battery packs. Focusing on carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (CBPWM), the ripple current flowing through the neutral point (NP) results in the voltage oscillation if the loads are resistive. To reduce the ripple of average NP current with mitigated distortion under balanced and unbalanced dc-link voltages conditions, a novel CBPWM with segmented component injection scheme (SCIS) is proposed in this paper. After dc component injection, continuous intervals for optimized component injection and clamping intervals for compensation component injection are identified. Optimized components are calculated originally based on unbalanced factor to make the average NP current zero-size in one switching period. Moreover, unique compensation components generate suitable NP current to shape the sinusoidal input currents according to the circuit analysis. In consequence, the SCIS not only keeps the input current with low-harmonic distortion, but also minimizes the oscillation of dc-link voltage under balanced and unbalanced conditions. In addition, the value of the NP current during the clamping intervals is analyzed under various operating conditions. The effectiveness and the performance of the proposed SCIS are verified by simulation and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the predictive control with the discrete space-vector modulation (DSVM) for Vienna rectifier connecting to the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) of the wind turbine system (WTS). Since Vienna rectifier has the special operation principle, Vienna rectifier generates only the feasible eight voltage vectors, which can be a candidate vector for the predictive control, depending on the sign of the input currents. In the proposed predictive control, the feasible voltage vectors are extended from 8 to 19 consisting the 8 original voltage vectors and 11 virtual voltage vectors by using the DSVM for improving the current quality related to the torque ripple, vibration, and noise, and the neutral-point voltage balance with low voltage ripple is guaranteed by using the offset value calculated based on the model of two dc-link capacitors in Vienna rectifier. The scheme for reducing calculation burden is applied in selecting the candidate vector. In addition, the limited operation range for the maximum torque per ampere control of PMSG connected to Vienna rectifier is analyzed. The performance of the proposed predictive control with DSVM for Vienna rectifier with PMSGs is verified in simulation and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes three-phase cascaded multilevel rectifiers for wind energy conversion system applications. These configurations operate as machine-side converters and play an essential role in the integration of wind power generation units. The proposed rectifiers are connected to a permanent magnet synchronous machine by an open-end winding arrangement, making the ac–dc conversion of the power delivered with high-power factor operation. Their structures are composed of a combination of a converter based on Vienna rectifiers and one H-bridge per phase with a floating capacitor. Compared with the conventional configurations, the proposed ones provide sinusoidal currents with lower harmonic distortion using, proportionally, a fewer number of controlled switches. Furthermore, they can operate with a lower switch blocking voltage. These features make them attractive options for industrial applications due to their good performance, providing an interesting cost–benefit. The system model, pulsewidth modulation technique, capacitor voltage balancing, and control strategy are detailed. Computer simulations and experimental tests are provided in order to validate their feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies extra junction capacitances and switching commutation loops introduced by line-frequency devices (i.e., non-active every other half line cycle) in three-level ac/dc converters and investigates the corresponding effects. Junction capacitances and power loops are well known as the key factors that impact converter switching loss and device stress, thus influence device selection, power stage layout, and thermal design. By examining switching transients of the commonly used T-shaped and I-shaped three-level converters, the cause and mechanism of the extra junction capacitances and power loops are presented. The impacts on switching loss, device voltage stress, and ac-side voltage/current distortion are respectively reported and analyzed. A loss calculation scheme for the three-level converter to include that extra loss is proposed. A power layout scheme to mitigate the device voltage stress is provided. Compensation and modeling of the voltage and current distortion are also proposed. Experimental results conducted on several types of three-level converter prototypes including a gallium nitride based 115 $V_{{\text{ac}}}{\text{/650}}$ Vdc/1.5-kW/450-kHz Vienna-type rectifier and a SiC mosfet based 1-kV/10-kW/280-kHz three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter confirm the presented effects and verify the associated analysis and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes three-phase configurations for wind energy conversion system applications. The proposed topologies are based on Vienna rectifiers and they have a reduced number of controlled switches, which may allow reducing size and costs. Despite they can work with other arrangements, the proposed structures operate at an open-end winding configuration in this article, providing some benefits over the traditional ones. Compared to the conventional topology, the proposed ones provide a better power quality employing, proportionally, a fewer number of controlled switches, offering a higher levels-per-switch ratio. Moreover, they can also operate at a lower switch blocking voltage. These features offer an interesting cost–benefit and make them attractive options to industry applications. The system model, modulation technique, and control strategy are discussed. Simulation and experimental results are provided in order to validate their performance and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, analysis and design of a 3.3-kW isolated single-stage three-phase buck-type rectifier for aircraft applications is presented. The operating principle and modulation method of the proposed rectifier are introduced. The advantageous zero-voltage switching (ZVS) feature in all of the switching transitions is analyzed. A comparison with the VIENNA Rectifier III is done, being different both in the phase-leg implementation and the modulation sequence. A detailed rectifier design guideline is discussed and losses estimations are provided aiming at reaching 93.7% overall efficiency, including the EMI (electromagnetic interference) filter. Simulation waveforms are presented. Finally, experimental results obtained with the designed 3.3-kW hardware demonstrator are provided. The results verify achievement of ZVS in all of the switching transitions from full load down to 50% of nominal load, while exhibiting 1.9% THD $_I$ (total harmonic distortion) and 0.9996 PF (power factor) at nominal power, ultimately showing very good agreement to the simulation results. This article is accompanied by a video demonstrating experimental operation of the proposed rectifier at nominal input voltage, output voltage, and output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutral-point (NP) voltage imbalance is an inherent issue of three-level converters. The alternating input current distortion is generated by using the conventional discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) scheme without NP voltage balance control. In this article, the deviation vector between the synthesis vector and the reference vector, which is the fundamental cause of alternating input current distortion under NP voltage unbalance conditions, is revealed. Then, by optimizing the subsector division and the switching state sequence, a dynamic-space-vector DPWM (DSV-DPWM) is proposed to eliminate the deviation vector. Further, the comparisons of the proposed DSV-DPWM, the conventional DPWM, and an existing triangle carrier-based DPWM (TCB-DPWM), are addressed. Finally, a 10-kW prototype was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DSV-DPWM scheme. Experimental results show that, compared with the conventional DPWM scheme and the TCB-DPWM scheme, both the current THD performance and efficiencies can be significantly improved by the proposed DSV-DPWM scheme under unbalanced NP voltage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with continuous pulsewidth modulation (PWM), discontinuous PWM (DPWM) is a preferred solution in high-frequency Vienna-type rectifiers due to its inherent characteristics of less commutation number and higher efficiency. In this article, redundant clamping modes at the same subsector with opposite effects on the neutral point (NP) voltage are presented. Then, a modified DPWM (MDPWM) scheme is proposed to regulate the NP voltage by using redundant clamping modes. Thus, the NP voltage can be controlled in each switching period to lower the NP voltage fluctuation. The implementation of the proposed MDPWM is given with variable power factors analysis. Further, the switching loss comparison of conventional space vector PWM (SVPWM), hybrid DPWM (HDPWM), and proposed MDPWM is presented as well. A simulation model was built to verify the proposed NP voltage balance with different modulation indices and variable power factors. Finally, a 10-kW prototype is built to evaluate the proposed MDPWM scheme at conversion efficiency and current total harmonic distortion (THD). Experimental results and analysis show that comparing conventional SVPWM and HDPWM, the efficiency of MDPWM is the highest. The THD of DPWM is slightly higher than that of SVPWM, and it is only 2.5% at rated output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vienna rectifier, which is a nongenerative-boost-type rectifier, is widely used in industrial applications, such as wind turbine systems. However, the Vienna rectifier will face the challenge of reducing common-mode voltage (CMV), maintaining the sinusoidal input currents, and balancing neutral-point (NP) voltage in practice. As these issues are mutually coupled, the conventional space vector modulation (SVM) and various types of enhanced schemes cannot solve these problems properly, especially under nonunity power factor operation. To overcome these limitations, a two-layer pulsewidth modulation scheme through vector selection is developed. In the first layer of the proposed strategy, the NP voltage oscillations are mitigated by adjusting the switching sequence and dwell time of large, medium, small, and zero vectors with reduced CMV as the same in large, medium, and zero vector modulation. In the second layer of the proposed strategy, the switching states are reselected, and the dwell times are real time adjusted to eliminate the distortions in input currents. Through the aforementioned two-layer control method, CMV reduction, input current distortion elimination, and NP voltage balancing in Vienna rectifier can be realized simultaneously. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed SVM method are verified by the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited hours of availability and fluctuating behavior of solar insolation severely impact the reliability of solar photovoltaic (PV) integrated system. This article proposes a new topology of grid interactive solar water pumping (SWP) system to deal with the issue of frequent variation in insolation, related to solar power generation. Such intermittency affects the system performance and makes it unreliable for industrial and commercial applications. In contrary to the conventional voltage source converter, the proposed topology utilizes a reduced switch Vienna rectifier for utility grid integration. Although utility grid integration appears to be a viable solution, however, as most of the grid in underdeveloped and developing countries are generally weak, such integration faces the additional power quality challenges, like voltage sag, voltage swell, dc offset, harmonics distortion, etc. To deal with the problems associated with weak grid condition, a novel mix multiresonant generalized integrator (MMRGI) control structure is proposed in this article. Along with the selective harmonic elimination capability, the proposed MMRGI structure offers a high dc offset and higher-order harmonic rejection capability. The proposed control approach is also capable of effectively extracting the balanced positive sequence components from unbalanced distorted grid voltages, thereby, keeping the grid currents balanced. The proposed system uses a sensor-less vector control technique to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor used for rotating the pump. A perturb and observe algorithm is used for optimum power harvesting from the solar PV array. A prototype of proposed system is developed and performance is investigated experimentally using a digital signal processor DS1202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]