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Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The stages of creating a circuit-cycle design of a heat-energized refrigeration machine using carbon dioxide as a working fluid are considered in the paper. The purpose of the machine development is to get cold using a low-temperature heat of enterprises, as a way of saving energy and material resources. The thermodynamic analysis for generating a machine circuit using the "cycle method", the energy and exergy analysis of parts and the machine in general, in a wide range of temperatures and pressure in the gas heater, was conducted. The analysis showed that the machine can work in a wide range of the heating source and different pressures in the gas heater, but their change affects the effectiveness of other machine parts, which affects the exergy efficiency of the machine and its parts. The obtained results of the analysis are useful for further implementation of the machine, namely modeling, design and selection of machine parts for the maximum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nano- & Electronic Physics is the property of Sumy State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The expansion of production and the use of biofuels are determined by the legal acts of the European Commission and National legal acts encouraging such production and usage. It would be meaningful to use the mixtures of butanol and petrol in Otto engines. It was determined the possibility of producing biobutanol as a biofuel of the second generation from lignocellulose hydrolyzed to C5/C6 carbohydrates. If the 20-30% potential of lignocellulose biomass in Lithuania is used, it would be possible to produce 200-300 thousand t of biobutanol per year. Th e amount of carbon monoxide CO decreases by more than 80% when the engine works using the mixtures of petrol and butanol if compared to the CO amount of the engine working with petrol. When the engine works using the mixture of 30% butanol and petrol, the amount of carbon dioxide CO2 decreases by 4% on average, and in case it works with the mixture of 50% butanol and petrol - by 14% if compared to the CO2 amount of the engine working using petrol. When the engine works using the mixture of 30% butanol and petrol, the amount of hydrocarbons HC decreases by 26% on average, and if it works with the mixture of 50% butanol and petrol, the amount increases by some 4% if compared to the HC amount of the engine working using petrol. To generalize the results of the performed experiment, it is possible to state that the optimal mixture would consist of 70% petrol and 30% biobutanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]