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A second-order numerical method for two-sided tempered fractional convection-diffusion equations is studied in this paper, both convection term and diffusion term are approximated by the tempered weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operators, the first time partial derivative is discretized by the Crank–Nicolson method, and then a class of second-order numerical schemes is derived. By means of matrix method, numerical schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent with order O τ 2 + h 2 . The validity of the proposed numerical scheme is verified by numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a heterojunction (P+ a-SiC/i intrinsic/n-Si) solar cell has been examined and characterized using the Analysis of Microelectronics and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) simulator. In this heterojunction solar cell, an intrinsic layer is imposed to enhance the efficiency and performance. The optimum efficiency of 36.52% (Voc = 1.714 V, Jsc = 27.006 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.789) has been achieved with this intrinsic layer. It has also been observed the solar cell without intrinsic layer. In this case, the maximum efficiency of 2.378% has been observed which is very poor. The heterojunction solar cell also has been investigated with electron blocking layer (EBL) and defect layer. In this case, the simulation result shows the lower efficiency (34.357%) than the previous. This research paper introduces an optimized model of a heterojunction solar cell enhanced with an intrinsic layer to improve efficiency. The proposed design shows significant promise in its theoretical framework. Looking forward, the design could be realized in laboratory settings and has the potential to be scaled up for broader applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, to effectively mitigate the issue of urban traffic congestion, tunnels have become widely used new type of road. However, when the soil layer is excavated and disturbed, the resulting vibration affects the safety of the buildings above it, especially for ancient buildings that are very sensitive to vibrations. Taking the White Tower in Hangzhou as an example, in this paper, the vibration response propagation of large-diameter shield tunnel excavation to adjacent ancient towers is studied through field measurements. The vibration response of the unexcavated south line tunnel is predicted by using 3D numerical analysis software, and the optimal construction parameters are obtained. The study found that the frequency domain component of the White Tower bedrock vibration caused by shield tunneling is mainly 5–20 Hz, and the vibration response attenuates significantly beyond 40 m. Further, reducing the propulsive force can reduce the vibration response of the White Tower; therefore, controlling the propulsion and reducing the tunneling velocity can reduce the vibration response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early tied-arch bridges cannot satisfy the current traffic load demand due to their load grades and maintenance levels. Also, these tied-arch bridges have accumulated structural damage with increasingly prominent safety risks. In order to accurately evaluate the characteristics of tied-arch bridges' structural-influenced lines and identify damage of their arch ribs and suspenders, two analytical solutions are derived and established in this paper for the thrust-influenced lines of parabola and catenary two-hinged arches with a tie beam. A new method and an index for identifying damage of arch ribs and suspenders of tied-arch bridges are proposed. The results of numerical simulation in this paper verified that the proposed analytical solution has good analytical accuracy in practice on those two-hinged nonflat arches. With the use of equivalent thrust-influenced line difference curvature, the effectiveness of damage identification and the verification method were verified on the tie beam, suspender, and arch rib of plane tie arch structure as well as the suspender and arch rib of tied-arch bridges in this research. Furthermore, combining with grey relation analysis, the noise immunity of the proposed index method can be verified. Also, thrust-influenced line recognition based on VMD (variational mode decomposition) is introduced, and a practical process of bridge health assessment based on the quasistatic-influenced line loading of three-axle heavy vehicles is established. Theoretical analysis and numerical verification show that the calculated error of the analytic solution of two-hinged arches with a rise-span ratio greater than 1/8 is less than 9.57%, and the error decreases with the increase of the rise-span ratio. Therefore, it can be applied to the calculation and analysis of tied-arch bridges with a rise-span ratio range between 1/4 and 1/5. With the equivalent thrust-influenced line index proposed in this paper, the damage of suspenders and arch ribs of tied-arch bridges can be accurately located. It has been found that the proposed method is more effective to identify the damage of suspenders than the damage of arch ribs does, showing good noise immunity. In summary, this research has provided theoretical support for arch bridge design and evaluation. Combining with existing bridge-monitoring methods, the new bridge damage identification method proposed in this paper has the prospect of realizing the normal health status assessment of existing tied-arch bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of nonlinear aeroelastic behavior in a two degree of freedom (DOF) model, focusing on plunge and pitch motions and employing the continuation method (CM) with an adaptive step size control algorithm. The research incorporates free-play nonlinearity at the plunge hinge, a common structural nonlinearity in aeronautics that can induce detrimental limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) during flight. By examining three scenarios—linear response, unhindered plunge motion, and nonlinear stiffness behavior—the study assesses the effects of free play on flutter and LCO phenomena, including discontinuity-induced bifurcations like grazing bifurcation. Additionally, the study explores parameter variation for nonlinear flutter analysis, revealing the dynamics of grazing bifurcation and its impact on LCO behavior. The research also demonstrates the method's superior accuracy in flutter speed estimation and mode-switching identification, despite higher computational demands. The findings underscore the diminishing influence of nonlinear free-play behavior on LCO amplitude, providing insights with significant implications for aeroelastic design and aircraft safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydraulic circuit in hydraulic mechanisms may be the cause of several vibration anomalies. Flexible pipes, in particular, commonly used in test rigs, may be the source of vibration issues due to their relatively low natural frequencies altering the pump noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. The purpose of this study is to detail a methodology based on lumped parameter modeling and experiments to analyze the circuit NVH behavior. An experimental study is carried out on two pump designs to determine the outlet pressure fluctuation of various test rig configurations. Numerical simulations are also performed to simulate the actual behavior of the hydraulic system considering these different test configurations. The tests are carried out at a chosen frequency range with a hydraulic circuit configuration representing realistic layouts. In these situations, the hydraulic circuit layout can be the source of NVH anomalies. Realistic design solutions are proposed to modify the test rig NVH behavior in order to achieve a flat response throughout the desired working range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retaining wall is essential for stopes mining in two steps, for it can prevent the instability and collapse of backfill. In this study, taking the retaining wall of backfilled stope as the research object, a stability analysis method of retaining wall based on the close coupling of catastrophe theory and numerical analysis was proposed. First, by extracting the unit failure rate of the retaining wall from the numerical simulation results and fitting it with the mining depth, the functional expression between them was established. Second, the function relation was transformed into the normal form according to catastrophe theory, and the instability criterion of retaining wall was deduced. Furthermore, an effort was made to analyze the changing law of the state of retaining wall and calculate the critical span of stope, under different thickness conditions. On this basis, the application test of retaining wall was carried out by using this method. The results show that with the thickness decreasing, the values of splitting variables a and b show a reverse trend, which leads to the discriminant of instability criterion decreasing and turning from positive to negative, resulting in the collapse. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the stability, the wider the span of the stope, the thicker the retaining wall is required, and conversely, the thicker the retaining wall, the higher the adaptability to the span of stope. In addition, it can be found from the application test that instability was bound to occur with a thickness of 3 m, but the retaining wall with a thickness of 4 m maintained stable, which tended to be consistent with the analysis. Therefore, the stability analysis method proposed in this study provides a way to accurately evaluate the stability of the retaining wall and calculate the critical thickness of that, and its application value is expected to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a subgrid-sparse-grad-div method for incompressible flow problem was proposed, which is a combination of the subgrid stabilization method and the recently proposed sparse-grad-div method. The method maintains the advantage of both methods: (i) It is robust for solving incompressible flow problem with dominance of the convection, especially when the viscosity is too small. (ii) It can keep mass conservation. Therefore, the method is very efficient for solving incompressible flow. Moreover, based on the Crank–Nicolson extrapolated scheme for temporal discretization, and mixed finite element in spatial discretization, we derive the unconditional stability and optimal convergence of the method. Finally, numerical experiments are proposed to validate the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the efficiency of the method on a test problem for incompressible flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modal parameters are used as safety assessment indicators for evaluating the structural integrity of buildings in various ways. In particular, the modal damping ratio plays a crucial role in accurately predicting the serviceability and safety of buildings, starting from the initial design stage. However, the identification results of the modal damping ratio can become unstable due to measurement time, initial configuration conditions used in the analysis, and nonstationary responses included in the structural response. To address the instability issue, this study proposes a long short-term memory-based frequency domain decomposition (FDD-LSTM) method. The FDD-LSTM method utilizes the acceleration response of the building as input data and the modal damping ratio obtained from the FDD method as output data, constructing an LSTM network model for the relationship between the acceleration response and modal damping ratio. The FDD-LSTM method exhibited a discrepancy of less than 0.02% compared to the reference value of the modal damping ratio obtained through free vibration response. Furthermore, when applied to data acquired from an actual building, the method demonstrated a variance of approximately 5%. The proposed FDD-LSTM method is validated for stability performance using a three-degree-of-freedom numerical analysis model, a 3-story steel frame structure model, and a 117-story high-rise building. The FDD-LSTM method, trained on a large dataset, enables generalized estimation and addresses instability issues related to modal damping ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]