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Aim: Patients' death or adverse events appear to be associated with poor healthcare decision‐making. This might be due to an inability to have an adequate representation of the problem or of the connections among problem‐related elements. Changing how a problem is formulated can reduce biases in clinical reasoning. The purpose of this article is to explore the possible contributions of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI) and psychology of reasoning and decision‐making (PRDM) to support a new nursing theoretical frame. Design: Discursive paper. Method: This article discusses the main assumptions about nursing and nurses' ability to face patient's problems, suggesting a new approach that integrates knowledge from PNEI and PRDM. While PNEI explains the complexity of systems, highlighting the importance of systems connections in affecting health, PRDM underlines the importance of the informative context in creating a mental representation of the problem. Furthermore, PRDM suggests the need to pay attention to information that is not immediately explicit and its connections. Conclusion: Nursing recognizes the patient–nurse relationship as the axiom that governs care. The integration of PNEI and PRDM in nursing theoretics allows the expansion of the axiom by providing essential elements to read a new type of relationship: the relationship among information. PNEI explains the relationships between biological systems and the psyche and between the whole individual and the environment; PRDM provides tools for the nurse's analytical thinking system to correctly process information and its connections. Impact on Nursing Practice: A theoretical renewal is mandatory to improve nursing reasoning and nursing priority identification. Integrating PNEI and PRDM into nursing theoretics will modify the way professionals approach patients, reducing cognitive biases and medical errors. No Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design or writing of this discursive article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer-vision-based gaze estimation refers to techniques that estimate gaze direction directly from video recordings of the eyes or face without the need for an eye tracker. Although many such methods exist, their validation is often found in the technical literature (e.g., computer science conference papers). We aimed to (1) identify which computer-vision-based gaze estimation methods are usable by the average researcher in fields such as psychology or education, and (2) evaluate these methods. We searched for methods that do not require calibration and have clear documentation. Two toolkits, OpenFace and OpenGaze, were found to fulfill these criteria. First, we present an experiment where adult participants fixated on nine stimulus points on a computer screen. We filmed their face with a camera and processed the recorded videos with OpenFace and OpenGaze. We conclude that OpenGaze is accurate and precise enough to be used in screen-based experiments with stimuli separated by at least 11 degrees of gaze angle. OpenFace was not sufficiently accurate for such situations but can potentially be used in sparser environments. We then examined whether OpenFace could be used with horizontally separated stimuli in a sparse environment with infant participants. We compared dwell measures based on OpenFace estimates to the same measures based on manual coding. We conclude that OpenFace gaze estimates may potentially be used with measures such as relative total dwell time to sparse, horizontally separated areas of interest, but should not be used to draw conclusions about measures such as dwell duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the diversity literature by probing whether diversity papers are cited as frequently as nondiversity papers in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology journals. Based on the stigma‐by‐association theory, I argue that as a result of their association with minority groups, diversity papers may be devalued and thus "othered" by scholars. Using a citation analysis of 46,930 papers published in 29 peer‐reviewed management and I/O psychology journals, I present empirical evidence in Study 1 that diversity papers were cited significantly less frequently than nondiversity papers. The authors' gender and institutional prestige, journal tier and domain, and year of publication were not moderators. In Study 2, I used a scenario experiment to demonstrate the stigma‐by‐association effect. The authors' gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Were you able to read and understand what that foreign word means? If not, it is never too late to start learning a new language. However, is it possible to become fluent in a foreign language despite the age at which you start? To answer this question this paper delves into the critical periods in language acquisition and their importance. This paper highlights infants' gradual acquisition of different aspects of language, such as phonemes, words, and grammar. To conclude the importance of critical periods, I compare different strategies for infants and adults learning a language, referring to the example of German word order acquisition. Furthermore, this paper focuses on second language learning. It gives some successful examples of perfectly acquired language by foreigners beyond childhood and highlights the phenomenon of exposure to a native-speaking environment. Additionally, I will discuss the degree of plasticity after the critical period ends and some challenges learners might experience when acquiring a second language. In conclusion, this paper offers a comprehensive review that contributes to our understanding of language development and its implications for language learning beyond childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the question of how counselling psychology might move forward into the future. It argues that, for many counselling psychologists, the defining feature of our profession lies in a humanistic value-base; and that, to move forward, we need to look at how that could be more fully actualised. The paper argues that this value-base is most succinctly expressed in Levinas's concept of 'Welcoming the Other,' and it proposes five ways in which this ethic might be taken forward: developing our capacity to see beyond diagnoses, enhancing our responsiveness, focusing more fully on our client's intelligibility, taking a lead in giving psychology away, and developing our evidence base. The paper concludes by suggesting that the key issue is not the survival of counselling psychology as a profession; but the survival, development and proliferation of this value-base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New Orleans is no stranger to trauma. The Crescent City has a vast history of environmental calamities and oppression. Yet, New Orleans is renowned for its "joie de vivre"—or "love of life." Specifically, this community is known for its unique practice of second-line parades. Researchers have noted the healing power of second-line processions, but none have analyzed the practice and psychology of this ritual through a trauma-informed lens. The aim of this conceptual paper is to begin the conversation, rather than deliver hard fast conclusions, on the potential therapeutic function of second-line parades in response to grief. Relevant literature is presented to illustrate second-line parades, trauma theory, and to provide evidence that the therapeutic effects of second-lining may, in part, be explained by trauma theory. This paper concludes with remarks on conceptualizing the second-line funeral as a sophisticated trauma-informed approach to grief and a note for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The live-streaming of child sexual abuse is an established, and prolific, form of abuse, with high international demand. It involves transmitting the sexual abuse of children in 'real time' via a webcam to individuals in any geographical location. Despite it being identified as a global key threat in the area of child sexual exploitation, there is a dearth of literature on this type of offending, limiting our understanding. Until further research is conducted, the current paper fills an important purpose by offering a stop gap of current research on the live-streaming of child sexual abuse. In particular, it draws from a breadth of literature to offer a synthesis of where geographically CSA live-streaming appears to mostly occur; the technological and legal barriers in detecting and prosecuting the behavior; what we know about viewers; what we know about facilitators; and the victims of CSA live-streaming and the impact of the abuse on them. In doing so, this paper offers critical knowledge for research, policy, and practice professionals across psychology, criminology, and law disciplines, who are interested in understanding, preventing, and responding to this form of sexual offending against children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual article aims to explore how self-determination theory can be utilized in integrating workplace spirituality in social work administration to help address issues such as those related to employee well-being, job satisfaction, and motivation. The paper examines the interconnection between self-determination theory, workplace spirituality, and social work administration through a review of pertinent literature on these interrelated concepts. The complementation of self-determination theory and workplace spirituality in the realm of administration hopes to create a spiritually sensitive environment that boosts self-determination and promotes the well-being of social workers for them to become healthy and productive members of human service organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how political discourse reaches different audiences through neurocommunication. The specific case studied is the speech delivered by Donald J. Trump to announce his candidacy for the 2024 U.S. presidential election. A review of concepts such as neurocommunication, neuropolitics and sociolinguistics is carried out. All of these are key elements in understanding how the public perceives leaders' speeches, especially in a competitive environment where leaders are trying to reach as many people as possible. The audiovisual material of the speech is used to investigate, through a codebook, the interaction between the ideas of the speaker and the audience, the way of speaking and the tone used by the leader to convince the different audiences or the deliberate use of certain words to achieve the intended purpose, in this case, to secure votes. With these codes, results are achieved that indicate that many of the registers used in Trump's speech influence the psychology of voters when making their decisions, again in an environment where there is a large number of offers. These are factors that serve to convince and persuade the public. This paper offers, through innovative approaches and methods, an analysis of how political discourse can be competitive in the current international context. The main advantage of using these codes is that they make speeches more efficient for different audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian networks are commonly used for learning with uncertainty and incorporating expert knowledge. However, they are hard to interpret, especially when the network structure is complex. Methods used to explain Bayesian networks operate under certain assumptions about what constitutes the best explanation, without actually verifying these assumptions. One such common assumption is that a shorter length of the causal chain of one variable to another enhances its explanatory strength. Counterfactual explanations gained popularity in artificial intelligence over the last years. It is well-known that it is possible to generate counterfactuals from causal Bayesian networks, but there is no indication which of them are useful for explanatory purposes. In this paper, we examine how to apply findings from psychology to search for counterfactuals that are perceived as more useful explanations for the end user. For this purpose, we have conducted a questionnaire to test whether counterfactuals that change an actionable cause are considered more useful than counterfactuals that change a direct cause. The results of the questionnaire indicate that actionable counterfactuals are preferred regardless of being the direct cause or having a longer causal chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high‐impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research. Discussion: A group of IS experts affiliated with NIMH‐funded ARCs convened to identify common and challenging grey areas. The group generated a preliminary list of 19 grey areas in HIV/MH‐related IS. From the list, the authors developed a survey which was distributed to all ARCs to prioritize grey areas to address in this paper. ARC members across the United States (N = 60) identified priority grey areas requiring clarification. This commentary discusses topics with 40% or more endorsement. The top grey areas that ARC members identified were: (1) Differentiating implementation strategies from interventions; (2) Determining when an intervention has sufficient evidence for adaptation; (3) Integrating recipient perspectives into HIV/MH implementation research; (4) Evaluating whether an implementation strategy is evidence‐based; (5) Identifying rigorous approaches for evaluating the impact of implementation strategies in the absence of a control group or randomization; and (6) Addressing innovation in HIV/MH IS grants. The commentary addresses each grey area by drawing from the existing literature (when available), providing expert guidance on addressing each in the context of HIV/MH research, and providing domestic and global HIV and HIV/MH case examples that address these grey areas. Conclusions: HIV/MH IS is key to achieving domestic and international goals for ending HIV transmission and mitigating its impact. Guidance offered in this paper can help to overcome challenges to rigorous and high‐impact HIV/MH implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a sample of 228 psychology papers that failed to replicate, we tested whether the trajectory of citation patterns changes following the publication of a failure to replicate. Across models, we found consistent evidence that failing to replicate predicted lower future citations and that the size of this reduction increased over time. In a 14-y postpublication period, we estimated that the publication of a failed replication was associated with an average citation decline of 14% for original papers. These findings suggest that the publication of failed replications may contribute to a self-correcting science by decreasing scholars’ reliance on unreplicable original findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously observed negative correlations between sample size and effect size (n-ES correlation) in psychological research have been interpreted as evidence for publication bias and related undesirable biases. Here, we present two studies aimed at better understanding to what extent negative n-ES correlations reflect such biases or might be explained by unproblematic adjustments of sample size to expected effect sizes. In Study 1, we analysed n-ES correlations in 150 meta-analyses from cognitive, organizational, and social psychology and in 57 multiple replications, which are free from relevant biases. In Study 2, we used a random sample of 160 psychology papers to compare the n-ES correlation for effects that are central to these papers and effects selected at random from these papers. n-ES correlations proved inconspicuous in meta-analyses. In line with previous research, they do not suggest that publication bias and related biases have a strong impact on meta-analyses in psychology. A much higher n-ES correlation emerged for publications' focal effects. To what extent this should be attributed to publication bias and related biases remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing popularity of the Bayesian approach in Psychology has prompted metascientific efforts to quantify its prevalence. However, despite enduring debates between proponents of Frequentist and Bayesian schools of thought, no systematic comparison of their prominence has been conducted in existing literature. This brief report fills this gap, examining Bayesian and Frequentist trends in the period from 1964 to 2023 through a meticulous search in PsycINFO. The findings reveal that the Frequentist approach has consistently been more popular than the Bayesian approach in the realm of Psychometrics and Statistical Psychology. However, Bayesian contributions steadily increased from the 80's onward and appear to be almost as important or even surpassing the Frequentist counterparts in the latest years investigated (2019–2023). Although this observation applies primarily to specialized literature rather than the entire domain of Psychology, it underscores the growing prevalence of the Bayesian approach, signaling attention among specialists in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Textual data analysis has become a popular method for examining complex human behavior in various fields, including psychology, psychiatry, sociology, computer science, data mining, forensic sciences, and communication studies. However, identifying the most relevant textual parameters for analyzing complex behavior is still a challenge. Goal of Study: This paper aims to explore potential textual parameters that could be useful in analyzing behavior through complex textual data. Furthermore, we have examined the randomly generated text based on different textual parameters. Methods: To achieve this goal, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on textual data analysis and identified several potential topics that could be relevant, such as sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, lexical analysis, and syntactic analysis. We discuss the theoretical background and practical implications of each parameter and provide examples of how they have been used in previous research. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering the context in which these parameters are applied and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to gain a deeper understanding of complex behavior through textual data analysis. Furthermore, we have provided Python code in the Supplementary Materials to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of such behaviors. In addition, to generate the text for analysis, we utilized ChatGPT 3.5 Turbo by requesting it to generate a random text of 1000 words divided into five paragraphs. Afterwards, we applied the provided Python code to analyze the randomly generated text. Conclusion: Overall, this paper provides a foundation for researchers to identify relevant textual parameters to analyze complex human behavior in their respective fields such as linguistics, sociology, psychiatry, and psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To construct effective compliance programmes, the phenomenon of non-compliance and variations in its abidance must be elucidated. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the social reality of ethical decision making, which examines the internalisation of moral norms and realities of social behaviour and, therefore, the general non-compliance with everyday laws (Tyler, 2006). Design/methodology/approach: This paper makes use of several social theories, including social proof theory, traditional social theory and social control theory. Humans are social beings, and decision-making in ethics is strongly influenced by herding behaviour (Roy, 2021). The behaviour of others and normative ethical standards inform the compliance of behaviour to an undiminishable degree. Findings: Although there is a host of factors to consider, the success of compliance can largely be attributed to people's perception and reception of authority. The perception of authority and legitimacy plays a vital role in appreciating the complexity of rule following. Legitimacy, and its embodiment by persons in public roles, is a cornerstone of the subsequent discussion. Originality/value: This paper uncovers the underlying motivations of non-compliance as well as the social psychology involved in the ethics of compliance. Cross-disciplinary connections are made between the private and public sector and practical compliance recommendations. The significant impact of integrity culture and value-based compliance emerges from the dissection of the social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multimedia creation and curation for assignments have the potential to engage students in deeper learning. Objective: This study explored whether the same homework assignments delivered in paper versus multimedia format resulted in different student experiences. Method: Introductory psychology students submitted either traditional papers or multimedia projects to address the same assignment prompt, a process that was repeated seven times throughout four courses and was either instructor-determined or student-selected. Students were surveyed about the assignment formats, and assignment grades were analyzed. Results: Overall, students found the multimedia assignments more engaging, more enjoyable, more interesting, and more difficult than paper assignments. When assignments were instructor-determined, students reported higher perceived learning for the multimedia assignments. Assignment grades were not significantly different between assignment formats. Conclusion and teaching implications: These results suggest that moving traditional paper assignments into a multimedia format is a no-cost way to improve the student experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ERROR project offers researchers a bounty for spotting mistakes in published papers — a strategy borrowed from the software industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prep-4-RT is a co-designed stepped-care multimodal prehabilitation program for people scheduled to receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Prehabilitation, which occurs between diagnosis and treatment commencement, aims to improve a patient's health to reduce the incidence and severity of current and future impairments. HNC treatment can be distressing and has detrimental impacts on function and quality of life. HNC patients have increased social vulnerabilities including higher rates of socio-economic disadvantage and engagement in lifestyle habits which increase cancer risk. High levels of physical and psychological impacts of HNC treatment and increased social vulnerabilities of this population warrant investigation of optimal pathways of care, such as prehabilitation. This paper describes a research protocol to evaluate the feasibility of Prep-4-RT, which was designed to prepare HNC patients for the physical and psychological impacts of radiotherapy. Methods and analysis: At least sixty adult HNC patients, scheduled to receive radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy), will be recruited over a five-month period. All participants will receive access to Prep-4-RT self-management resources. Participants identified through screening as high-risk will also be offered individualised interventions with relevant allied health professionals prior to the commencement of radiotherapy (psychologists, dietitians, speech pathologists and physiotherapists). Participants will complete evaluation surveys assessing their experiences with Prep-4-RT resources and interventions. Clinicians will also complete program evaluation surveys. Primary feasibility outcomes include adoption (uptake and intention to try) and fidelity (adherence to the specialist prehabilitation pathway). Secondary feasibility outcomes include acceptability (patient and clinician) of and satisfaction (patient) with Prep-4-RT as well as operational costs. Feasibility outcome data will be analysed using exact binomial and one-sample t tests, as appropriate. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia. Results will be presented at national conferences and published in peer-reviewed journal(s) so that it can be accessed by clinicians involved in the care of HNC patients receiving radiotherapy. If the model of care is found to be feasible and acceptable, the transferability and scalability to other cancer centres, or for other cancer types, may be investigated. Registration details: ANZCTA (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) ACTRN12623000770662. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storytelling is an effective art of forging new ideas and cultural practices. Cinema, being a story teller through visual narrative plays significant role in representing social norms and thoughts. It mirrors the socio-cultural and political issues in conscious or unconscious ways. Cinema as a part of popular cultures, not only entertains the spectators but narrates the rising social problems, injustices, discriminations and projects solutions to the problems by instilling new ideas and thoughts in the minds of the mass. Apart from Bollywood and Tollywood, India have many regional film industries where woman film makers attempt to map the position of women and their psychology through the Lens. The main objective of this research paper is to study the oppression of women and their resistances in their subaltern condition with special reference to the two-woman film maker's film Parched and Lipstick Under My Burkha. Women in these films protest against the patriarchal dominance and gender inequality. They rise from their adverse positions and discover a path of emancipation by fighting the prevailing patriarchal hegemony. The result of the study shows that the women reject their subalternity by creating their own discourse and resolve a new purpose in life. The study asserts that being mistreated and discriminated in a phallocentric society; women should not think themselves as subaltern. Women have to rise above the hegemonic discourse by asserting their self-identity. The analysis is made through the lens of Gayatri Chakravorty's Can the Subaltern Speak? and Kate Millet's Sexual Politics along with the other feminist's perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Learner profiles detected from digital trace data are typically triangulated with survey data to explain those profiles based on learners' internal conditions (e.g., motivation). However, survey data are often analysed with limited consideration of the interconnected nature of learners' internal conditions. Objectives: Aiming to enable a thorough understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, this paper presents and evaluates a comprehensive approach to analysis of learners' self‐reports, which extends conventional statistical methods with psychological networks analysis. Methods: The study context is a massive open online course (MOOC) aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) for health. Learners' (N = 497) perceptions related to PA, as well as their self‐efficacy and intentions to increase the level of PA were collected before and after the MOOC, while their interactions with the course were logged as digital traces. Learner profiles derived from trace data were further examined and interpreted through a combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks analysis. Results and Conclusions: The inclusion of psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports collected before the start of the MOOC offers better understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, compared to the conventional statistical analysis only. Likewise, the combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports before and after the MOOC provided more comprehensive insights about changes in the constructs measured in each learner profile. Major Takeaways: The combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks presented in this paper sets a path for a comprehensive analysis of survey data. The insights it offers complement the information about learner profiles derived from trace data, thus allowing for a more thorough understanding of learners' course engagement than any individual method or data source would allow. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Researchers have made extensive use of data from online learning platforms—often referred to as learning trace data—to understand how learners engage in online learning activities.Surveys are often used to gather information about learners' motivation, perceptions, and other internal factors, to complement the insight gleaned from learning traces and thus create a more complete picture of the learning behaviour.When analysing survey data, the focus is usually on individual factors without considering how different factors are connected and affect one another.Psychological networks analysis is a novel analytic approach to studying complex phenomena both in psychology and education. What this paper adds: The paper uses psychological networks as a method for examining mutual relations among learners' internal factors (e.g., motivation, perceptions) measured through self‐reports before and after a course.By combining conventional statistical analysis of self‐reports with psychological networks analysis, the paper develops a comprehensive picture of learners' internal factors measured through self‐reports, one that accounts for both individual and interconnected nature of those factors.This comprehensive approach to information extraction from surveys allows for better understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, that is, profiles mined from data about learners' interaction with online learning activities. Implications for practice and/or policy: The presented method paves a way for a comprehensive analysis of the data collected from learners through surveys.It helps us gain a better understanding of learners' engagement with online learning activities.It can advance the evaluation of digital educational programs that aim to encourage changes in health‐related behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Psychiatric hospitals have input from a range of professionals, including Clinical Psychologists.Most evidence used to guide what Clinical Psychologists do is based on their work with individuals rather than staff teams.Some evidence shows working with staff teams is important, but most of this is based on interviews rather than measuring the impact using numbers and statistics.The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of staff‐level interventions provided by a Psychology team within a psychiatric inpatient setting. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Training sessions were effective at increasing staff levels of confidence and understanding in psychological approaches, and the perceived usefulness of the session to their practice.Case discussion sessions were effective at increasing staff levels of understanding a service user, compassion towards the service user, perceived opportunities for change with the service user, their perceived skills to work with the service user and their perception of the usefulness of the session to their practice.Reflective practice sessions were effective at providing a space for learning, sharing ideas and reflecting.Other interventions were highly valued by nursing staff. What are the implications for practice?: Staff‐level interventions are effective and valued by mental health nursing staff and should be considered in allocation of psychology resources.Interventions improved staff psychological thinking which could positively impact service user experience.There is potential for people with lived experience to participate in these interventions, which could facilitate the therapeutic relationship and reduce restrictive practices. Introduction: The role of Psychologists in psychiatric inpatient settings is well established and involves intervention at various levels; however, quantitative exploration of the effectiveness of staff‐level interventions is lacking. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a variety of staff‐level interventions provided by a Psychology team within a psychiatric inpatient setting. Methods: The evaluation used a mixed methods approach incorporating pre–post quantitative data and post‐intervention feedback. Additional data were collected via survey. Key Findings: Results indicated all staff‐level interventions were effective in achieving their aims and were highly valued by staff. Qualitative data supported the quantitative findings and showed tentative suggestion of a change to clinical practice. Discussion: Indirect psychology provision was found to significantly impact a range of staff attitudes and was highly valued by the staff team, supporting previous qualitative findings in psychiatric inpatient settings. Further quantitative evidence of the impact of staff‐level interventions should be sought. Implications: Staff‐level interventions are effective and valued by mental health nursing staff and should be considered in allocation of psychology resources. Furthermore, there is potential for people with lived experience to participate in these interventions, which could facilitate the therapeutic relationship and reduce restrictive practices, however this requires future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at exploring existing literature on substance use prevention programs, focusing on refugee youth. A comprehensive search for relevant articles was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost Megafile databases including Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL with Full Text, E-Journals, Humanities Source Ultimate, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Sociology Source Ultimate. Initially, a total of 485 studies were retrieved; nine papers were retained for quality assessment after removing duplicates. Of the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, only three are found to partially addressed substance use prevention programs. The two substance use prevention programs that emerge from the study are Adelante Social and Marketing Campaign (ASMC), and Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI). Six others explored protective factors and strategies for preventing substance use. The study findings show that refugee youth held negative attitudes toward institutions that provide substance use prevention programs. This review concluded that refugee youth often experience persistent substance use as they are not aware of prevention programs that may reduce the prevalence and/or severity of such misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retraction is the process of removing an article from the scientific records after it has been published. The objective of the study is to explore the influence of the number of retracted papers on the journal quality parameters in the subject of Psychology. The study has applied Pearson Coefficient Correlation to establish the relationship between the number of retracted papers and bibliometric parameters of journal evaluation. All the retracted journal articles indexed in the Scopus database up to the year 2022 in the subject of Psychology, were considered for the study. The Software tools, i.e. MS Excel, and statistical software R Studio® (version 3.6.1) along with the Biblioshiny bibliometrics package were used for data analysis. Bibliometrics indicators, i.e. SJR, total citations count, and h index of the journals, were retrieved from the website of Scimago Journal Ranking (www.scimagojr.com), and the Journal Impact Factor (IF) 2022 was used for the analysis. The results revealed a set of 180 journal articles scattered across 99 journals, that were retracted in the subject of Psychology. Among these 36% of the retracted papers were published as open access. From the analysis, it was concluded that there is a positive correlation between the number of retracted papers and bibliometric indicators i.e., impact factor, h-index, total citation counts, and JCR. On the other hand, there is the least influence of the number of retracted articles with SJR (0.024) and IF (0.072). However, a visible and normal co-relation was found among the total citation counts (0.170) and h-index (0.136), respectively. The findings of the study revealed that there is the least correlation between the number of retracted journal articles and the journal evaluation indicators; therefore, journal publishers must include a retraction policy to enhance the journal's reputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avicenna's ground-breaking view of logic as both a tool for other sciences and a science in its own right has already attracted scholars' attention and has been studied in several different respects. The present paper aims to address a specific issue entailed by considering logic as a science in its own right: that is, assessing the relation in which logic as a science stands to the other sciences, and particularly to metaphysics and psychology. The inquiry will focus on a fundamental, yet tricky, passage of chapter I.4 of Avicenna's Kitāb al-Madḫal, the opening work of his most comprehensive philosophical summa, the Kitāb al-Šifāʾ (Book of Healing). Due to the obscurity of some of Avicenna's references, chapter I.4 "on the subject-matter of logic" has stimulated numerous attempts at interpretation from the Middle Ages to today. In this paper, I will attempt to provide a new reading of the chapter in light of Avicenna's definition of the epistemological status of science in Burhān II.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a comparative analysis of J. G. Ballard's Empire of the Sun, The Kindness of Women, and Miracles of Life in their engagements with the psychological theory of Carl Jung. The first half of the paper explores Jung's suggestions that psychology is to some extent ethnically determined and Eastern and Western consciousness in many ways antonymous. Challenging this view, Empire resists essentialist notions of psychology which argue that the individual psyche is in part separate from the social environment in which it forms. In Empire individual psychology changes with changing power relations and is unable to escape imperialist systems of thought. In this manner, the novel resists national and ethnic categories for the understanding of human psychology, and instead turns its focus to the effect of political structures on mental activity and self-conception. Turning from Empire to Kindness and Miracles, the second part of the paper reads Ballard's broader fictional and nonfictional autobiographies for their representation of memory as a radically constructive function of mind. In this manner, Ballard's autobiographical projects foreground the slippage between fact and fiction in the process of remembering, and challenge the conception of mind as an inelastic or deterministic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological literacy is an approach to teaching which encourages students to consider their subject knowledge in 'real world' applied contexts (i.e. in student's lives beyond university), which may be professional, personal, or societal. 'Real world' here refers to the application of psychological knowledge and skills to students' personal, student-role, work, and community contexts. Psychological literacy is typically integrated into psychology programmes through classroom activities, extra-curricular activities, and opportunities outside of the core curriculum. However, for the goals of psychological literacy to be fully realised, it should be intentionally and thoughtfully embedded at the module and programme level. One way to achieve this is to develop and evaluate modules (i.e. standalone units or courses) that embed psychological literacy explicitly by design. In this paper, we provide overviews, brief evaluations, and reflections on four undergraduate modules within a UK Psychology (BSc) degree that integrate the principles of psychological literacy. These include a first-year compulsory module ('Biological Approaches to Human and Non-Human Behaviour'), a second-year compulsory module ('Neuroscience') and two final-year elective optional modules ('Face Perception' and 'Feminist Social Psychology'). We offer reflections on the process of designing these modules as educators who are interested in developing students' psychological literacy and also provide student evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the psychological effects of racial prejudice within the legal system are investigated. The novel "A Time to Kill" by John Grisham serves as a source of inspiration for this investigation. The study employs a rigorous literary analysis methodology to investigate how Attorney Jake Brigance strategically employs the concept of temporary insanity to navigate the intricate mechanisms of justice. More precisely, the study focuses on how Attorney Brigance takes advantage of that concept. The purpose of this analysis is to dissect the intricate relationship that exists between an individual's psyche and the prejudices that are prevalent in society by delving into the psychological motivations that drive the characters. The purpose of this research is to shed light on the psychological impact of racial prejudice in challenging legal scenarios by examining the emotions that are evoked in both the audience and the characters. These emotions influence decision-making processes and the outcomes of legal cases. This investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of societal issues and the intricate psychological dynamics that are inherent in navigating the legal system in the face of prejudice and injustice. The research paper aims to be accomplished by conducting a comprehensive examination of the psychological themes and legal aspects that are present in Grisham's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native residents are indispensable participants in developing and conserving the natural environment. Specifying the factors that lead to responsible behavior among the local people can help increase sustainability. This paper aims to investigate the pro-environmental behavior among the local residents of the Kashmir region defined by the components of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value Belief Norm (VBN) Theory. To analyze the data, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been used as research methods. The results reveal that the three components of TPB (general environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control) have a positive and significant impact on the pro-environmental behavior of residents. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that the factors of VBN (altruistic, egoistic and biospheric values) significantly influence the general environmental attitude which in turn impacts the pro-environmental behavior of local residents. The paper seeks to contribute to the existing literature by adding local community insights based on the explanations given by socio-psychological theories within the context of natural environment. The study will help policymakers to understand better the residents' intentions and pro-environmental behavior so that they can develop strategies to manage and combat the environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content & Focus: This paper aims to explore a number of key challenges raised by existential theory to the dominant assumptions, aims and practices within contemporary counselling psychology. It argues that the existential focus on relatedness significantly alters counselling psychology's understanding of, and ways of perceiving individuals as well as the concerns that are brought to the therapeutic encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that Counselling Psychology is underpinned by both Humanist and Post-Modern epistemologies, and that it holds the practitioner's 'use of self' in the service of the therapeutic relationship to be paramount in the therapeutic encounter. Although Humanism and Post-Modernism can both provide theoretical pretexts for the use of self, these stances to knowledge can be experienced as in conflict with each other, and so generate ambiguity and conflict for trainees. The academic (University) contexts of training courses can feed into aspects of these epistemological conflicts in that they uphold individualist-objectivist stances to knowledge/evidence and styles of communication. In this paper psychological literature is drawn upon to explore how trainees are positioned by the discourses of 'self and 'development' that are available to them, with particular reference to the discourse of 'reflective-practice'. The concept of a plural and dialogical self is used to suggest augmenting the manner in which personal and professional development is conducted and assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive Organisational Psychology (POP) has experienced significant growth in the past two decades, contributing to our understanding of work-related well-being and performance. However, the discipline is now on the cusp of a new wave of research and innovation that may reshape its discourse. This paper introduces the concept of 'Positive Organisational Psychology 2.0' (POP 2.0) as an evidence-based, data-driven field that utilizes technological advancements and human-centred design to understand and enhance positive characteristics of individuals, organisations, and society for optimal psychological functioning, wellbeing, and performance. The paper begins with an overview of POP's emergence, highlighting its key characteristics and exploring the factors behind its rapid growth and declining relevance. We then conceptualize POP 2.0, outline its defining features, and advocate for a broader scope, expanded focal audience, enhanced methodologies, and transformative role shifts for practitioners. We conclude by outlining opportunities, challenges and perspectives for the next wave of innovative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validity of psychological measurement is crucially connected to a peculiar form of epistemic circularity. This circularity can be a threat when there are no independent ways to assess whether a certain procedure is actually measuring the intended target of measurement. This paper focuses on how Fechner addressed the measurement circularity that emerged in his psychophysical research. First, I show that Fechner's approach to the problem of circular measurement involved a core idealizing assumption of a shared human physiology. Second, I assess Fechner's approach to this issue against the backdrop of his own epistemology of measurement and the measurement context of his time. Third, I claim that, from a coherentist and historicallysituated perspective, Fechner's quantification can be regarded as a first successful step of a longer-term quantification process. To conclude, I draw from these insights some general epistemological reflections that are relevant to current quantitative psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the educational context of identifying the critical ingredients of an effective speech-language pathologist, this paper highlights the centrality of theory in underpinning every level of our practice. A spotlight is placed on us knowing how language and communication work, what makes our interventions work, how we can make the most difference through our choices in therapy, and what makes both us and our clients respond. So, what are the critical ingredients of an effective speech-language pathologist, of an effective therapy, of an effective therapeutic alliance, and why is this so important? While there are many foundational and guiding habits upon which new graduates, early career, and experienced clinicians shape their practice, no one habit is regarded as more important than us exploring the theoretical underpinnings of what we are doing and why. To underscore the role of theory in our everyday practice, a discourse level intervention for people with aphasia is used as an exemplar to track the complex contribution of different theories to a single intervention. Discourse level interventions are relatively new on the scene in the area of acquired language disorders. Child language interventions, on the other hand, have frequently revolved around the story, aiming to bridge the oral-literate divide through the development of narrative structure. This paper will aim to weave its own story around discourse level interventions, combining the narrative genre with the everyday genres used by adults in conversation. I will highlight how this approach taps into lexical theories, sentence processing theories, discourse organisation, and the cognitive underpinnings of language, and closely examine how this multilayering of language in context may hold some of the answers to questions around generalisation, impact, and making the greatest difference to individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the integration and unification of the philosophy and psychology of well-being. For the most part, these disciplines investigate well-being without reference to each other. In recent years, however, with the maturing of each discipline, there have been a growing number of calls to integrate the two. While such calls are welcome, what it means to integrate well-being philosophy and psychology can vary greatly depending on one’s theoretical and practical ends. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel conceptual framework for thinking about integrating well-being philosophy and psychology that systematically categorizes different kinds of integration projects. We divide existing attempts in the literature into three broad categories according to the perspective from which the integration takes place: (1) top-down meta-theoretical unification; (2) psychological integration within philosophy; and (3) philosophical integration within psychology. These categories are then broken down into various further subcategories. Our aim in providing this framework is both to facilitate the assessment and comparison of existing integration attempts and to provide a roadmap for future integration attempts. For each category, we discuss one or two representative examples of the approaches. By doing so, we hope to generate interest in the wide variety of existing integration projects, as well as to generate discussion concerning the benefits and pitfalls of different approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on two multilingual qualitative datasets (Korean/English and German/English), this paper examines the dual role and positionalities of two researchers who simultaneously act as translators, as well as the implications of this dual role for multilingual qualitative research. This work is informed by transnational feminist translation studies and transnational feminist approaches to qualitative research, and founded on the two researchers' intimate familiarity with their participants' languages, contexts, and meaning-making processes. Considering the complexity of this familiarity, this work presents unique dilemmas—challenges and opportunities—with respect to translating, representing, and writing about multilingual qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is it that we can visually experience complete three-dimensional objects despite being limited, in any given perceptual moment, to perceiving the sides facing us from a specific spatial perspective? To make sense of this, such visual experiences must refer to occluded or presently unseen back-sides which are not sense-perceptually given, and which cannot be sense-perceptually given while the subject is occupying the spatial perspective on the object that they currently are—I call this the horizonality of visual experience. Existing accounts of these horizonal references are unsatisfactory. In providing a satisfactory account, this paper argues that the content and structure of the visual experience of complete three-dimensional objects is as follows: the object is presented as being perceptible from yet-to-be-determined alternative points of view. As part of the content of visual experience, this motivates non-propositional attitudes of anticipation. Explicating this proposal is the central positive aim of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent paper in this journal, Jonathan Barker argues against the claim that grounded entities are ontologically innocent. In this paper I defend the ontological innocence of grounded entities against Barker's argument. I tease out an assumption that is crucial for the success of Barker's argument and I show that the defender of ontological innocence can deny this assumption in a motivated way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews an embodied or experientialist view of conceptual understanding. It focuses on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's theory of embodied cognition and its framing of human conceptualization and reasoning in terms of embodied imagination. These ideas are summarized as ten basic claims: (a) objectivist assumptions are problematic; (b) many human categories have non-classical structure; (c) conceptual systems consist of cognitive models; (d) thinking utilizes frames, metonymies, and prototypes; (e) metaphor is prevalent and primarily conceptual; (f) image schemas structure our experiences; (g) the mind is embodied; (h) abstract thought is largely metaphorical; (i) truth is relative to embodied understanding; and (j) philosophy should be empirically responsible. Lakoff and Johnson's theory of embodied cognition offers a view of conceptual understanding that is cognitively realistic (or empirically responsible), biologically plausible, and self-critical, while providing adequate theories of meaning and truth grounded in embodied experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents psychology of working theory (PWT) as a framework for addressing career concerns faced by those with chronic health issues. PWT is a relevant framework for contextualizing the lived experiences of clients navigating work and chronic illness. Specifically, individuals with chronic health conditions may face additional barriers to their career development and are at risk for higher incidences of workplace discrimination, job stress, and job loss. Core elements of PWT outlined in this paper are applied to a case study of a client with breast cancer. More specifically, the constructs of decent work, critical consciousness, and career adaptability are applied at the level of the individual and systemic interventions. Issues of equity, access, intersectionality, power, and privilege are highlighted as they relate to the context of work. We offer suggestions for advocacy for career counselors working with clients with chronic illness navigating work and careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews Bowen family systems theory and its approach to family therapy. It aims to introduce this influential approach and a sample of developments in theory and practice since Bowen's first publications of his research and theory. This paper is the second edition of a 1999 article with the same title (Brown, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 94 and 1999) and, 25 years later, offers new insights from the original author's ongoing research into the theory. This new edition is in collaboration with a second author and Bowen theory scholar, bringing fresh perspectives on the theory's applicability to family therapy practice. The core concepts are presented briefly, and a case example with a parent and symptomatic adolescent demonstrates how theory informs the role of the therapist and the therapeutic work. Examples of criticisms of Bowen theory are also discussed, including the misinterpretation around the idea of emotion in Bowen theory that is communicated in Gottman's training. Differentiation of self is clarified as the integration of emotion and intellect rather than privileging one over another, which affords the opportunity for individuals to avoid being governed by the invisible strings of sensitivities in relationships and instead be themselves in good emotional contact with the other person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School psychology has heavily relied on quantitative methodology to create and sustain our knowledge of best practices regarding academic, behavioral, and mental health outcomes for students. Nevertheless, underlying assumptions of the neutrality of quantitative data have obfuscated how school psychology research has perpetuated oppressive ideologies and practices, which directly harm students from marginalized identities. This paper demonstrates the need for employing a critical lens when engaging in and consuming school psychology research that utilizes quantitative methods. One such framework is QuantCrit, developed in the United Kingdom, which intentionally integrates Critical Race Theory tenets into the development, analysis, and interpretation of quantitative data. We explore specific examples of the insidious ways that 'presumed neutral' quantitative approaches have led to the perpetuation of oppressive practices in the following key areas of school psychology research: (a) discipline disproportionality, (b) special education disproportionality, and (c) school accountability metrics. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for both utilizing and publishing quantitative research that moves school psychologists towards more equitable practices for children and families across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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