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This analysis addresses the knowledge gap on laissez-faire leadership in organizations. After reviewing 64 articles through the systematic literature review, the study finds that laissez-faire leadership, marked by minimal decision-making involvement, is generally associated with negative outcomes like reduced employee satisfaction and productivity. However, its impact can vary based on context, potentially fostering creativity in highly skilled and motivated teams. The study emphasizes the need for judicious application of this leadership style and suggests that school managers should discern when to use it, considering its suitability for different types of educators. Overall, the research contributes valuable insights for leaders aiming to optimize leadership strategies in diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, remote sensing technology has been widely applied in various industries, and semantic segmentation of remote sensing images has attracted much attention. Due to the complexity and special characteristics of remote sensing images, multi-scale object detection and accurate object localization are important challenges in remote sensing image semantic segmentation. Therefore, this paper proposes a context aggregation network (CANet). The design of CANet is influenced by advanced technologies such as attention mechanisms and feature fusion and enhancement. This network first introduces nested dilated residual module (NDRM), which can fully utilize the features extracted by the backbone network. Then, improved integrated successive dilation module (IISD) is proposed to effectively aggregate a series of contextual information scales. Next, Swim Transformer module is embedded to provide global contextual information. Finally, multi-resolution fusion module (MRFM) is proposed, allowing the comprehensive fusion of feature layers from different stages of the encoder, preserving more semantic and detailed information. The experimental results show that CANet outperforms other advanced models on the Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper offers a new vision of responsible service leadership for service organizations nested in economic, societal and environmental contexts across time to foster collective flourishing. Design/methodology/approach: Following the call for novel perspectives that recognize service as a game among (vs between) people in service ecosystems, we build on service leadership theory to integrate insights from infinite (vs finite) games and biomimicry practices to propose a holistic model for responsible service leadership. Findings: We extend the 3C (competence, character and care) model of service leadership (Shek et al., 2021) adding context and chronos as essential pillars of responsible service leadership in nested ecosystems. We offer new interpretations and applications of the 3Cs through the lens of context and chronos. Research limitations/implications: This paper furthers the emerging conversation about unique leadership approaches for service, linking existing service leadership theories with holistic views of service ecosystems and enabling a shift from decontextualized models of leadership to a more inclusive approach. Practical implications: We propose that responsible service leadership can inspire new approaches to leadership development within organizations and in business education (e.g. competencies, settings) and a reconsideration of organizational structures (e.g. culture, selection and incentive design). Social implications: The proposed 5C model revisits foundational assumptions of responsibility in service leadership, integrating actors across and within service ecosystems, society at large and the environment in the present and future. Originality/value: This paper offers a conceptual framework – the 5Cs model of responsible service leadership – aimed at reimagining service leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct democratic instruments are increasingly applied in many European countries. They are subject to an ongoing public—and often highly controversial—debate. The question of how direct democracy relates to equality, i.e. if direct democratic instruments have the potential to foster equality or if they lead to more inequality, is crucial in this debate. Research has struggled to come up with a general answer to this question with scholars assuming equality as well as inequality-promoting effects of direct democratic outputs. In this paper, we try to shed new light on this controversial debate and argue that the impact of direct democracy on equality essentially depends on the social and political context in which the decisions take place. In order to examine the impact of context factors on direct democratic outputs, we first analyze the influence of country-specific variables such as the level of equality and the age of democracy—applying large-N multilevel logistic regressions. Yet, these statistical analyses offer no clear results: the effects of the country-specific variables are rather blurry and hard to make meaning of. The result suggests that other factors than the ones we included in the regressions are decisive for the effect of direct democratic instruments on equality. Therefore, in a second step, we demonstrate how country-and case-specific variables such as social and political characteristics impact the outcomes of direct democracy, using the same-sex marriage referendums in Ireland and Slovenia in 2015 as examples. We conclude that context factors are too complex to be grasped in a large-N, statistical analysis. This means that to understand how context influences the effects of direct democratic instruments on equality, for now, one has to go beyond the lens of statistical analysis and look at the respective cases in great depth and detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implementing occupation‐based practice in low‐resourced settings can be challenging especially when working with children with HIV/Aids whose daily occupation of play is often affected by their health condition and other contextual factors such as poverty or stigma. Aim: The aim of this paper is to obtain consensus from experts on the content and application of a play‐based intervention for children with HIV/Aids living in a low‐resourced setting. Methods: A Delphi study involving two rounds using an online survey format was conducted with experts from the field of child development, play and/or HIV/Aids. Consensus agreement was reached when at least 70% of Delphi experts rated each item at 3 or higher on a 5‐point Likert scale. Consumer and Community Involvement: This paper is part of a multi‐stage study that involved input and feedback from families of children who were born HIV/Aids, occupational therapists working with families of children with HIV/Aids, and input from local and international experts working with people with HIV/Aids. Results: Thirty‐seven experts completed the first round, and 35 completed the second round of the study. Consensus was achieved on the application of the Cooper's Model of Children's Play, techniques to be used and the structure of the intervention. Experts also agreed on the inclusion of a pre‐intervention workshop as part of the play‐based intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The consensus on the content and application of a play‐based intervention framework through a process of gaining expert perspectives provides confidence that the intervention planned to promote play for children with HIV/Aids living in low‐resourced settings is likely to be effective. Key Points for Occupational Therapy: Occupation‐based practice is challenging when working with children with HIV/Aids in low‐resourced settings.Consensus was achieved on the play‐based intervention's theoretical model, techniques to be used, and the structure.Consensus from experts provides confidence that the intervention planned is likely to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile maps are an important tool for mastering modern digital life. In this paper, we outline our perspective on the challenges and opportunities associated with designing adaptive mobile maps that are useful, usable, and accessible to a wide range of users in different contexts. If we claim for adaptive mobile maps to be successful, we need to expand our understanding of map use context, including the physical and digital spaces, user behavior, and individual differences. We identify key challenges, such as the scarcity of knowledge about mobile map use behavior, the need for effective adaptation methods and strategies, user acceptance of adaptive maps, and issues related to control, privacy, trust, and transparency. We finally suggest research opportunities, such as studying mobile map usage, employing AI-based adaptation methods, leveraging the power of visual communication through maps, and ensuring user acceptance through user control and privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The absence of a coordinated approach to health and social care compromises the ability of health systems to provide universal, equitable, high-quality, and financially sustainable care. Transferring evidence-based practices focused on digitally-enabled integrated care to new contexts can overcome this challenge if implementation is satisfactory. This paper presents the scaling-out methodology that JADECARE has designed to spread effective innovative practices across Europe. Methodology: The scaling-out methodology pretends to guide the Next Adopters in the transfer and adoption of practices, whereas increasing their implementation capacity and providing an evaluation framework to assess impact and success. Discussion: JADECARE scaling-out effort is based on guiding principles found in the literature such as the balance between fidelity to the original practice and the degree of adaptation required to fit the new context, the need for capacity building in implementation to bridge the gap between research and routine practice and the focus on explaining why, for whom and in what circumstances an intervention works. Conclusion: The JADECARE scaling-out methodology is theory-driven and pragmatic and aims to facilitate the transfer of complex interventions across different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of a longstanding collaboration between Gunther Kress's research group in London and my own research group in Stockholm, I reflect, in this paper, on the role of Kress's ideas in our joint development of a social semiotic, multimodal, and design-oriented approach to learning, an approach which sees learning as performative, and as an activity in which learners create their own learning paths. I first discuss how, for Kress, this path has three elements, the affordances of the learning resources available to the learner, the learner's 'interest' which turns aspects of these resources into 'prompts' for learning, and the learner's active interpretation and transformation of these aspects, the results of which can then be recognized and valued as 'signs of learning'. However, recognizing learning also needs to take account of the dimension of time, so as to make it possible to assess whether learners have gained knowledges and skills they did not have at an earlier stage. I then discuss the role of context in Kress's thinking about learning. For Kress, context is another vital aspect of a social semiotic theory of learning. On the one hand, Kress focuses here on the specific, unique contexts in which individual learners create their own learning paths. On the other hand, he recognizes that signs will always carry social and political relations. Reflecting on the dynamic relation between individual learners and the way institutions regulate ways of learning, I discuss both the continued role of institutional learning contexts and their hidden curricula, and the way emerging technologies facilitate individual learning paths and interactive, participatory forms of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic has been experienced differently by people depending on their socio-cultural contexts. These varied experiences are expressed in various forms of communication, including cartoons. This paper examines the pragmatic resources inherent in COVID-19-related cartoons depicting the impact of the virus on Nigerian society. Forty COVID-19-related cartoons, circulated on social media, were collected on Twitter and WhatsApp platforms between March and April 2020 as data. Multimodality and presupposition served as theoretical framework and descriptive research design was adopted. Findings reveal five socio-contextual domains, religion, health, economy, politics and governance nd family, characterizing the social experiences of Nigerians during the pandemic. Through the evocation of situational reality, pragmatic sarcasm, punning, and orientation to government insensitivity, the cartoonists evoke pragmatic functions of informing and warning about social behaviours in the religion, family and health domains; recreating situational realities on socioeconomic impacts in the domain of economy; and satirizing government policies and mocking politicians' insincerity in the domain of politics and governance on sociopolitical experiences of Nigerians before and during the pandemic. The study concludes cartoons are a strong means of portraying societal realities and people's experiences comically and graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, I explore a pragmatist and processualist perspective on the interpretation of historical sources. By analyzing Horace M. Kallen's 1918 book, 'The Book of Job as a Greek Tragedy', regarded as an instance of pragmatist historical inquiry, this paper engages with recent processual and evental approaches to history. It elucidates a conceptualization of historical sources as 'actor-events'. Through Kallen's example, the paper demonstrates how cultural historians can effectively perceive sources as both actors that evoke meaning and as events that unfold. From this perspective, Kallen's work illustrates how diverse temporalities hold simultaneous significance and how cultural and social struggles related to what is emerging, in the future, give rise to the emergence of truth in historical sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an interdisciplinary experiment. The core of the experiment is to examine the Hebrew poetic text of the Old Testament through a textual analysis of its textuality prior to theological interpretation and to ask why and which linguistic-literary solutions, i.e. poetic procedures, are used in the construction of meaning. On this basis, a research design can be created that asks how linguistic-poetic analysis can help in the exegesis of Old Testament poetic texts (or of any other textual genre). Poetics is about the production of meaning: all of our verbal utterances are made with some kind of poetics or speech strategy in mind – our communications are not formulated randomly. The linguistic analysis proposed here examines not only whether a word or phrase in a particular poetic text of the Hebrew Bible is written correctly or not but also the poetic role of that phrase, word, sentence, and grammatical or other structure in the larger textual unit (i.e. the poem) under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of decades of research developing a model of language and context, there is little consensus in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) about how context should be modelled and how language and context are related. In this paper, we review recent work in SFL which focuses on modelling register as a resource – reconceiving field as a resource for construing phenomena, tenor as a resource for negotiating social relations, and mode as a resource for composing texture. This work has a number of implications for SFL's conception of realisation (as strata of abstraction), instantiation (as a cline of generalisation), and individuation (as a scale of belonging). For realisation it bears critically on the issue of whether or not to adopt a stratified model of context (as register and genre) and the relationship between extrinsic functionality (field, tenor, and mode) and intrinsic functionality (ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions). For instantiation, it bears critically on our modelling of principles for coupling (co-selecting and arranging choices within and across languages and related modalities of communication) – for example mass, presence, and association. And for individuation, it bears critically on the perspectives of allocation (i.e. how access to meanings and their uptake is distributed across communities) and affiliation (i.e. how meanings are used to collaborate and struggle, within and between social groups). Our basic aim in this paper is to suggest a model for improving traction as far as SFL work on language in context is concerned, fully embracing a multimodal perspective on language and related modalities of communication as resources for meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A persistent problem in teaching introductory statistics has been helping students overcome their fears and the abstract nature of what they need to learn. Students' own contextualised stories are argued to present an opportunity for humanising the abstract, helping reduce student fears to complement traditional teaching approaches. This paper applies Bruner (Actual minds, possible worlds, Harvard University Press, 1986) theoretical perspectives on narrative mode of thought to understand how students' own contextualised stories might support them in making sense of university introductory statistics. An exploratory, design research study was undertaken where 31 student participants were interviewed across a two-year period. All participants had completed an introductory statistics course where they wrote contextualised children's stories about normal distributions and sampling distributions of the mean. Using an assumption-based, conjecture-driven, reflective analysis, participant interview data was analysed to generate preliminary research findings. Two preliminary findings are detailed in this paper. One revealed that participants initially don't seem to naturally make connections with statistics using their own stories, while another showed that once they did so, their stories helped initiate pathways of access for making sense of their statistical learning. To test the preliminary findings, Bruner (Actual minds, possible worlds, Harvard University Press, 1986) theoretical perspectives on narrative mode of thought—presupposition, subjectification, and multiple perspectives—were used to develop an analytical tool. The methodology in the study provides new insights for understanding how students' own contextualised stories might help them make sense of their learning. The implications of the study are relevant for statistics education, particularly in the areas of statistical thinking processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the indefinite, definite, and kind interpretations belonging to nouns and noun phrases are independent universal semantic features realized by different linguistic means across and within languages. The investigations presented here take the viewpoint of the speaker: first the semantic content of the three features is characterized, then the linguistic expressions these interpretations belong to and arise from are examined. Cross-linguistic data support the conclusions that none of these features is derived from the other(s), their primary source is the intrasentential context, and they express "instructions" to the hearer to find more or less identifiable or more or less representative referents that pertain to the denotation of the noun (phrase). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artists have long been interested in the archival process. Their work examining and critiquing archives and archival concepts has attracted considerable scholarly attention; however, little attention has been paid to the perspectives of archivists, focusing instead on those of artists themselves, as well as critical theorists. This article focuses on how archivists consider and harness archives in their practice, examining their use of archives in exhibitions within museum and gallery settings (and, briefly, within libraries). Drawing on interviews with archivists and designers, this paper explores the display of archives through four key themes: contextualising (and, in turn, shaping) the exhibition of artworks; providing insights into the creative processes of artists and writers; enabling institutions to reflect on their collecting and curating practices; and using archives as objects for display in themselves. The discussion demonstrates a range of different perspectives that reveals the transformative possibilities of archives and their exhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial reasoning of hierarchical relations is an important research topic in geographic information science. Existing literature focuses mainly on hierarchical relations according to ordered containment of point sets based on the 9-Intersection Model (9IM). However, in natural language descriptions, hierarchical relations expressed by prepositions such as in can have spatial configurations conflicting with those hierarchical relations based on 9IM. This paper proposes an algorithm employing combined hierarchies to infer hierarchical relations among places in different contexts. Two graph databases containing combined hierarchies conforming to administrative reach and geometric enclosure are established with places represented by polygons with misaligned boundaries on prototypical and real data. The 13170 pairs of conflicting hierarchical relations with the same start nodes but different end nodes detected in the combined hierarchies on real data validate the proposed algorithm for spatial reasoning of hierarchical relations in different contexts. This research facilitates consistent spatial reasoning of hierarchical relations in different contexts for spatial information retrieval and question answering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper, through empirical evidence, presents a framework for exploring how entrepreneurs navigate the challenges of building legitimacy in a digital context. In so doing, this paper goes beyond the seemingly forgone conclusion that legitimacy is important for the entrepreneur's success by focusing on the contextualised mechanisms through which digital legitimacy is built. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical findings are drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with 21 digital entrepreneurs in Nigeria, a leading example of the West African context and analysed using a phenomenological approach. Findings: The paper shows how digital entrepreneurs in a non-Western context draw on an aspect of legitimation in the digital space, and in particular, highlights three mechanisms via which this takes place, namely: digital shielding, digital curating and digital networking. Presented via an inductive approach, the three mechanisms described in the paper provide a scaffold for thinking about and understanding entrepreneurial legitimacy within a contextual framework, which incorporates institutional, cultural and digital dimensions. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature on digital entrepreneurship by empirically identifying and theoretically elaborating themes that are important for understanding how entrepreneurs navigate the challenges of digital entrepreneurship and build entrepreneurial legitimacy in complex contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has spurred the need for compact housing particularly in India. In this context, efforts have been made to design and build more compact, smaller-sized houses. However, there has been historically, 'a tiny house movement' in the late 19th century promoting the concept of purposefully building extremely compact living spaces. Nevertheless, the concept of designing houses for efficient living spaces remains an overlooked aspect. In India, under the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana scheme, the government has made a proposal for constructing small houses specifically designed for economically weaker communities. Notably, Indian vernacular houses have always been designed to be efficient and responsive to the contexts. Given this, this paper examines the vernacular housing practices to determine if their principles could inspire modern tiny house designs. The research employs a literature survey and case study methods Within the case studies, it empoloys observations, visual analysis and spatial analysis. It analyzes vernacular houses in terms of aspects such as the area, use of space, socio-cultural factors and cost-effectiveness, etc. It concludes that India's rich vernacular architectural traditions have encapsulated the tenets that can buttress today's Tiny Houses. The research positions the global tiny house architectural movement as descended from traditional cultural concepts of optimized, viable housing intrinsic to India's antiquated vernacular construction. Insights from vernacular architecture reveal potential continuity between ancient and modern efficient housing models. This research paves the path to identify connections between vernacular and contemporary approaches to effective utilization of dwelling spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trends of the 21st century are challenging the traditional production process due to the reduction in the life cycle of products and the demand for more complex products in greater quantities. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) was introduced in 2011 and it is recognized as the fourth industrial revolution, with the aim of improving manufacturing processes and increasing the competitiveness of industry. I4.0 uses technological concepts such as Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things and Cloud Computing to create services, reduce costs and increase productivity. In addition, concepts such as Smart Factories are emerging, which use context awareness to assist people and optimize tasks based on data from the physical and virtual world. This article explores and applies the capabilities of context-aware applications in industry, with a focus on production lines. In specific, this paper proposes a context-aware application based on a microservices approach, intended for integration into a context-aware information system, with specific application in the area of manufacturing. The manuscript presents a detailed architecture for structuring the application, explaining components, functions and contributions. The discussion covers development technologies, integration and communication between the application and other services, as well as experimental findings, which demonstrate the applicability and advantages of the proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In this paper, we studied how native (L1) speakers of Russian and speakers of Mandarin Chinese learning Russian as a foreign language (L2) process Russian sentences with different word orders. We compared SVO (canonical) and OVS (non-canonical) orders in isolation and in context. Experiments focusing on the L2 processing of different word orders are still not very numerous, and those using context are extremely rare. Methods: In Experiment 1, target sentences were presented in isolation. In Experiment 2, one-sentence contexts introduced one NP mentioned in the target sentence, either the first (so that given information preceded new information, which is characteristic for Russian and many other languages) or the second. As a result, two factors could be compared: the syntactic (word order) and the contextual (whether the context is appropriate from the information-structural perspective). We used different measures to capture online and offline effects: word-by-word reading times, question-answering accuracy and sentence rating on a 1 to 5 scale (for L1 participants). Results and discussion: In both experiments, RTs and question-answering accuracy data showed that non-canonical orders were difficult for L2 participants, but not for L1 participants. However, L1 participants gave non-canonical orders lower ratings in isolation, presumably because in naturally occurring texts, they are used only in particular contexts. As for the context factor in Experiment 2, some effects were the same for L1 and L2 processing: all participants read given NPs faster than new ones and preferred sentences with a 'given -- new' word order. The latter may reflect the universal principles of narrative coherence. However, unlike native speakers, L2 readers are not sensitive to more subtle contextual requirements of different word orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to improve existing health recommender systems by defining relevant contextual and motivational variables to recommend physical activities and collect appreciation feedback. Current health recommenders do not sufficiently include users' context and motivational theory when personalizing health suggestions. To bridge these gaps, we conducted a 21-day longitudinal user study with 36 participants using our Android app with collected sensor data and Ecological Momentary Assessments to collect daily activities, mood, and motivation. This study resulted in a dataset of 724 activities. Two approaches to determine feature relevance were followed: variable importances analysis on 40 input variables, and statistical analysis of mean differences in outcome variables across contexts. Our findings suggest recommending activity duration, intensity, location, and type by incorporating: company, situation (e.g., free time or work), happiness, calmness, energy level, physical complaints, and motivation. As such, we propose opportunities for future health recommenders to integrate these data with contextual pre-filtering techniques, extended with our suggestions for automatically collected weather, location types, step count, and time. We also propose to use mood and motivation as appreciation feedback to focus on user well-being and boost motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amazonia Investiga is the property of PRIMMATE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Drawing on the experiences of healthcare professionals in one paediatric hospital, this paper explores the influence of context and organisational behaviour on the implementation of a person-centred transition programme for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with long-term conditions. Design/methodology/approach: A single embedded qualitative case study design informed by a realist evaluation framework, was used. Participants who had experience of implementing the transition programme were recruited from across seven individual services within the healthcare organisation. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews (n = 20) and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Implementation of the transition programme was influenced by the complex interaction of macro, meso and micro processes and contexts. Features of organisational behaviour including routines and habits, culture, organisational readiness for change and professional relationships shaped professional decision-making around programme implementation. Originality/value: There exists a significant body of research relating to the role of context and its influence on the successful implementation of complex healthcare interventions. However, within the area of healthcare transition there is little published evidence on the role that organisational behaviour and contextual factors play in influencing transition programme implementation. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of how organisational behaviour and contextual factors affect transition programme implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of ethics in data science research has attracted considerable attention in recent years. While there is widespread agreement on the importance of teaching ethics within computing contexts, there is no clear method for its implementation and assessment. Studies focusing on methods for integrating ethics into data science courses reveal that students tend to neglect ethical concerns in their data analysis. Based on the data we collected from questionnaires distributed to undergraduate science and engineering students, this paper expands the discussion beyond human concerns and ethics in data science education. As we will show, students tend to neglect the context when attempting to solve data science questions. We argue that gaps in understanding the context relating to the data result in gaps in the analysis as well as in the interpretation of the data. Thus, we propose anthropological thinking as a pedagogy to overcome the context neglect. Placing the spotlight on the context promotes a holistic understanding of the phenomenon being analyzed, as it includes important considerations that do not necessarily fit the more commonly used term human concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an innovative problem/system decomposition approach. Unlike the conventional method, where stakeholder requirements are transformed into system requirements for the system‐of‐interest (SOI), the new approach involves decomposing stakeholder requirements into specifications for modified context subsystems. These subsystems comprise elements from both the SOI and its surrounding context. The new approach offers two key strengths. Firstly, an enhanced contextual relationship. The approach naturally establishes a relationship between the SOI and its context across various abstraction levels. This contextual linkage fosters modularity and agility within the system. Secondly the new approach enables precise functionality definition. Unlike mere declarations, the new approach allows for explicit functionality definition at all levels. Consequently, we can formulate executable requirements, enabling system simulation across all system levels. Very early integration, verification, and validation become possible as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of roadway planning and design practices since the early-20th century demonstrates that engineers have increasingly prioritized building and designing roads that are adapted to their surrounding context. Roadbuilding in the early-20th century focused on delivering road facilities able to operate in all weather conditions, accommodate automobiles, and facilitate personal travel and commerce. The growth in automobile ownership required engineers to work towards alleviating congestion and thus resulting in constructing sprawling infrastructure networks that connect urban and suburban areas -- sometimes at the expense of marginalized communities and neighborhood cultures. The late-1990s and early-2000s saw transportation agencies, AASHTO, and NCHRP embrace performance-based approaches to road design that are more sensitive to context. This trend continues today, with novel tools being devised to help engineers carry out a flexible, multimodal, performance-based, and context-sensitive design process built upon the context classification system introduced in A Policy of Geometric Design for Highways and Streets (7th Edition) and expanded through a series of NCHRP research documents. Using W. Broadway Avenue in Louisville, Kentucky, as a case study, this paper illustrates the application of the new context classification system and associated Transportation Expectations to road design. Making use of the latest tools and concepts, the case study shows, will improve project delivery so planners and engineers may also address issues related to public health, community and transportation equity, local cultures, and community needs when crafting design solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging yet promising paradigm of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has recently gained considerable attention from researchers from academia and industry. As an indispensable constituent of the futuristic smart cities, the underlying essence of the IoV is to facilitate vehicles to exchange safety-critical information with the other vehicles in their neighborhood, vulnerable pedestrians, supporting infrastructure, and the backbone network via vehicle-to-everything communication in a bid to enhance the road safety by mitigating the unwarranted road accidents via ensuring safer navigation together with guaranteeing the intelligent traffic flows. This requires that the safety-critical messages exchanged within an IoV network and the vehicles that disseminate the same are highly reliable (i.e., trustworthy); otherwise, the entire IoV network could be jeopardized. A state-of-the-art trust-based mechanism is, therefore, highly imperative for identifying and removing malicious vehicles from an IoV network. Accordingly, in this paper, a machine learning-based trust management mechanism, MESMERIC, has been proposed that takes into account the notions of direct trust (encompassing the trust attributes of interaction success rate, similarity, familiarity, and reward and punishment), indirect trust (involving confidence of a particular trustor on the neighboring nodes of a trustee, and the direct trust between the said neighboring nodes and the trustee), and context (comprising vehicle types and operating scenarios) in order to not only ascertain the trust of vehicles in an IoV network but to segregate the trustworthy vehicles from the untrustworthy ones by means of an optimal decision boundary. A comprehensive evaluation of the envisaged trust management mechanism has been carried out which demonstrates that it outperforms other state-of-the-art trust management mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psyke & Logos is the property of Dansk Psykologisk Forlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent technological advancements have led to a significant increase in the quantity and accessibility of videos. The decrease in video acquisition costs and the increase in memory capacity have made it possible to store large video collections in computer systems. To effectively exploit these collections, it is crucial to have tools that facilitate access and management. In this paper, we present a multimedia retrieval approach that prioritizes the user's needs by starting with a text-based query. The approach consists of two main parts: (i) a new multi-level and deep-semantic video classification indexing method, and (ii) a query expansion mechanism and relevance feedback system to improve the results based on the user's feedback. Our contribution is demonstrated through the implementation of the Deep-VISEN prototype and experiments on a collection of 2700 videos and 62838 images. The results show that our algorithm is effective and precise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are pivotal to any efforts to raise the devastatingly low levels of foundational learning that persist across much of the Global South. However, in many education systems, teachers are not equipped with the resources needed for effecting such change. Moreover, numerous reforms have failed to change either children's learning levels or the teacher norms that inadvertently contribute to low learning levels. Moving beyond these circumstances requires an understanding of the factors underlying such norms and of how these factors affect opportunities for changing teacher norms. I examine this question by analyzing the transcripts of interviews with 14 pairs of interlocutors from various contexts who have complementary expertise related to teacher norms. Based on this analysis, I develop a conceptual framework for mapping the factors that sustain teacher norms onto four domains of teachers' experiences: selves ("what I value"), situations ("what can be done"), standards ("what those in charge expect"), and society (broader influences). Different configurations of underlying factors can yield different types of norms: coherent norms, compromise norms, and contestation norms. Drawing on the interviews, I illustrate coherence, compromise, and contestation by discussing examples of teaching narrowly to certain standards and being absent from the classroom during scheduled lessons. Each type of norm offers distinct opportunities for changing the status quo by influencing particular aspects of teachers' selves, situations, and standards. Additionally, one broader opportunity for change is reshaping societal narratives about education and the teaching profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine-grained entity typing assigns fine-grained types to entities in the text, which can provide entities with rich semantic information through type information, and plays important roles in downstream tasks such as relation extraction, entity linking, and question answering systems. Since the length and position of entities in sentences are not uniform, the representation of entities in context can not be calculated. Existing fine-grained entity typing models process entity mentions and their contexts separately into individual feature representations, which separates the semantic relationship between them. This paper proposes a context-aware feature representation method in fine-grained entity typing, which places entities back into their contexts and solves the problem of computing entity feature representation when the entity length and position are not uniform. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can extract the feature representation of entities in their contexts, and significantly improve the performance of fine-grained entity typing. The Macro-F1 value of this method on the Chinese finegrained entity classification dataset CFET is improved by more than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic counseling (GC) traditionally follows a non‐directive counseling approach. Although a cornerstone of GC teaching and theory, there has been debate on whether GC is, can be, or should be a patient‐led service due to challenges in practice, as well as the advancement and complexity of genetic testing. Personal risk perceptions and patient expectations within particular contexts may further affect how genetic counselors discuss risk information, even while attempting to remain neutral. Less is known about the process of GC communication in non‐Western settings. This paper presents empirical evidence from a South African prenatal GC consultation where tensions become apparent due to differing risk perceptions and expectations between a genetic counselor and a patient, which ultimately impacts non‐directive communication practice. The case study forms part of a larger qualitative study focusing on risk and uncertainty communication within GC consultations in Cape Town, South Africa. A blended sociolinguistic approach drawing on principles of conversation analysis (CA) and theme‐orientated discourse analysis (TODA) provides evidence of the complexity of imparting risk information and challenging patients to reflect on their decision‐making, whilst refraining from sharing personal risk perceptions during everyday practice. The case study demonstrates how a genetic counselor may become implicitly and explicitly directive in their communication approach within the same consult which may reveal their personal risk perceptions on the matter discussed. In addition, the case study reveals how a genetic counselor may grapple with the dilemma of honoring the non‐directive guidelines of the profession, whilst simultaneously supporting a patient who requests advice. The ongoing debate on non‐directive counseling, decision‐making, and patient care in GC is important for the reflection and development of the profession to understand how to assist and support patients facing sensitive and difficult decisions, in a meaningful, and contextually‐tailored manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rising prevalence of digital data, infrastructures and platforms in education, the challenge of conceptualizing and investigating 'intermediaries' has substantially increased. This not only refers to various new types of actors that have been materializing around practices of data infrastructuring (e.g., data management), but equally to the rising empowerment of data infrastructures themselves as intermediaries of policy and governance. The aim of this article is to sharpen our conceptual understanding of this interrelation between intermediaries and data infrastructuring. More specifically, the article suggests to approach intermediaries through a lens on performative contexting, thus shifting the focus towards how 'intermediary contexting' is used, by whom and where exactly, rather than seeking to map intermediaries as an object 'from the outside'. Data infrastructuring, then, can be regarded both as part, and as a result, of such contexting efforts. Using Estonia as a case study, it is shown what we see (differently) when applying such a lens to the digital transformation of education. The findings hereby indicate a gradual emergence of what could be described as 'governance by intermediarization': a process in which more and more actors are shifted into the (self)contexting as infrastructural stewards, while the politics of digital transformation become centered – i.e., seemingly depoliticized – around asserting continuous change through digital connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enacting a corporate entrepreneurial role requires cognitive, behavioral, and emotional qualities. While scholarly work has focused on the cognitive and behavioral aspects of this role, its emotional aspect—how corporate entrepreneurs feel when enacting their role—remains relatively unexplored. Our qualitative study reveals the corporate entrepreneurial role as a source of liabilities and assets for the role incumbents' work-related identity, which are brought to light as these employees emotionally experience their role. In addition, we elucidate how contextual elements shape this experience, and how corporate entrepreneurs use emotions to work around the detrimental and beneficial effects of their role enactment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the theory of affective pragmatics, emotional expressions synchronously convey information of the following four types: expressing the expressor's emotions, committing the expressor to a future course of action, representing world circumstances, and directing other people's behavior. Nevertheless, few reports have described studies examining prioritization of the conveyed information. The present study was conducted to explore how information is conveyed by facial expressions of fun in the context of the presence or absence of another person. Results show that expression of the internal state (fun) is conveyed primarily in comparison to other information, but it is weaker in the state of being with a stranger than in the state of being alone or with a friend. Although directing other people's behavior is the least conveyed information in all conditions, the presence of another person amplified the intensity of directing other people's behavior. Overall, these findings provide new evidence supporting the theory related to emotional expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention mechanism is widely used in the field of semantic segmentation, due to the fact that it can be used to obtain effective long-distance dependencies by assigning different weights to objects according to different tasks. We propose a novel Nested Attention Network (NANet) for semantic segmentation, which combines Feature Category Attention (FCA) and Channel Relationship Attention (CRA) to effectively aggregate same-category contexts in both spatial and channel dimensions. Specifically, FCA captures the dependencies between spatial pixel features and categories to achieve the aggregation of features of the same category. CRA further captures the channel relationships on the output of FCA to obtain richer contexts. Numerous experiments have shown that NANet has a lower number of parameters and computational complexity than other state-of-the-art methods, and is a lightweight model with a lower total number of floating-point operations. We evaluated the performance of NANet on three datasets: Cityscapes, PASCAL VOC 2012, and ADE20K, and the experimental results show that NANet obtains promising results, reaching a performance of 82.6% on the Cityscapes test set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the influence of context on long-term memory (LTM) is well documented, its effects on the interaction between working memory (WM) and LTM remain less understood. In this study, we explored these interactions using a delayed match-to-sample task, where participants (6 males, 16 females) encountered the same target object across six consecutive trials, facilitating the transition from WM to LTM. During half of these target repetitions, the background color changed. We measured the WM storage of the target using the contralateral delay activity in electroencephalography. Our results reveal that task-irrelevant context changes trigger the reactivation of long-term memories in WM. This reactivation may be attributed to content–context binding in WM and hippocampal pattern separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Almost every culture engages actively with the arts. Here, we explored how contextual information about content, artist, and technique impacts aesthetic experience. Contextual information increased aesthetic ratings for artworks in Indian and Northern American participants, especially in people more open to experience, and Northern American participants with low art experience. Contextual information reduced the ingroup bias for artworks, suggesting exposure to art may be a potential vehicle to mitigate prejudice against unfamiliar cultures. Similarities and differences in the routes to broader valuations of liking and beauty point to both anthropological universals and cultural specifics of the aesthetic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualisation research in entrepreneurship is on the rise. Scholars generally view it positively, as contextualisation allows for a better understanding of the bigger picture, whilst also concerns are voiced. However, contextualisation may lead to an overly fragmented field and its possible disintegration. This calls for 'the emergence of sensible approaches to contextualisation that provide guidance in balancing its benefits and costs' as reported by Welter et al. (Small Business Economics 52(2):319–330, 2019) which is the challenge we address in this Special Issue. More specifically, we argue that an investigation of the construction and enactment of contexts provides a path to better understand the identified tension. The aim of this Special Issue ties in with increasing calls in the entrepreneurship literature for going beyond agent centric views towards accounts that theorise the interconnections between agency and structure. Taken together, the articles in this special issue contribute to (1) a stronger grounding for entrepreneurship theories and concepts; (2) a more balanced conceptualisation of both agency and context; (3) a shift from the 'standard model' of entrepreneurship; and (4) context sensitive entrepreneurship methodologies and approaches. We end with identifying further research avenues. Plain English Summary: Contextualisation research in entrepreneurship is on the rise. With contextualisation we aim to understand the external environmental factors impacting entrepreneurial activities. Many scholars believe it provides a better understanding of the bigger picture, whereby others highlight that contextualisation may lead to an overly fragmented field and its possible disintegration. In this Special Issue, we argue that by investigating 'doing contexts', which are the making, unmaking, and remaking of sites for entrepreneurial action, we help to tackle this challenge. Taken together, the articles of this Special Issue contribute to (1) a stronger grounding for entrepreneurship theories and concepts; (2) a more balanced conceptualisation of both agency and context; (3) a shift from the 'standard model' of entrepreneurship; and (4) context sensitive entrepreneurship methodologies and approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates belonging among Turkish Alevi older migrants during their stays in the origin country. The few studies that cover belonging among older migrants primarily examined belonging within the confines of host countries. As substantial amounts of time are spent in origin countries, migrants' life worlds are thus only partially studied. Furthermore, the importance of context for belonging is thereby insufficiently acknowledged. Antonsich's (2010) framework inspires this investigation, distinguishing place-belongingness and politics of belonging. Based on observations and 21 interviews with older Alevi migrants in Turkey, we show that the autobiographic story is particularly useful to study older migrants' belonging, that minority identity shapes belonging, and that the location of the interview matters for the types of narratives collected. This study thereby adds to literature on belonging among older migrant populations, to understanding of the complementary nature of place-belongingness and politics of belonging, and to scholarly acknowledgement of the importance of context for belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we review recent findings on the development of communicative behaviour of monolingual and bilingual toddlers and preschoolers. We describe how the unique experience of growing up with two (or more) languages affects children's everyday experiences and the pragmatics of their communicative behaviour. Deriving from this literature, we introduce a novel perspective on children's development of communicative behaviour (COMmmunicative-Experience, COME), discussing potential mechanisms behind this pragmatic behaviour. It assumes that children experience communicative situations of varying efficiency and that these experiences shape their communicative behaviour: The more experiences children have with non-effective communicative situations, the larger their communicative repertoire becomes and the more flexibly this repertoire can be applied in a given situation. Notably, the COME perspective is not limited to bilingual communicative development but can be applied to a variety of other pragmatic contexts. Therefore, we broaden the discussion by identifying open questions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory analysis methodologies are performed in sensory booths designed to minimise external stimuli, lacking ecological validity. Immersive environments are used to introduce contextual cues, but there is a lack of studies using mixed reality systems. The main goal of this study was to evaluate an augmented virtuality (AV) system where participants are inserted into a virtual environment and evaluate a real product, being able to interact with both dimensions. A panel of 102 consumers evaluated five samples of commercial peach nectars in three sessions, each in a different environment: public food court, living room (AV environments), and laboratory (traditional sensory booth). Consumers rated overall liking, followed by open comments, and also answered an Engagement (EQ) and a Presence Questionnaire (PQ). The type of environment only affected hedonic discrimination among samples, with the laboratory setting being the only one with sample discrimination. Nonetheless, each sample was not evaluated differently across the different environments. Concerning engagement, the environment only significantly influenced the EQ's 'Affective Value' factor, being higher when using an AV system. The level of presence in the virtual environment was significantly higher in the public food court, being significantly correlated with the EQ factor scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is well-known for its contribution to episodic memory, as well as contextual and spatial learning and memory. However, two literatures have also emerged examining the role of the RSC in aversive conditioning. The purpose of this manuscript is to review, and attempt to integrate, these two literatures. We focus on studies in which discrete cues, such as tones, predict the occurrence of aversive outcomes, such as mild shocks. Using both electrophysiological recordings and lesion methods, the first literature has examined RSC contributions to discriminative avoidance conditioning. The second, and more recent literature, has focused on the role of the RSC in Pavlovian fear conditioning. We discuss both literatures in terms of the type of information processed by the RSC, the role of the RSC in memory storage, and how the aversive conditioning literature might be consistent with a role for the RSC in contextual learning and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]