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A recent study by researchers at the University of North Carolina Health Care published in Nature Cancer explores the use of CAR-natural killer T (CAR-NKT) cells in immunotherapy for solid tumors. The study demonstrates that CAR-NKT cells show significant antitumor activity in preclinical models by targeting tumor-associated macrophages and reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. The researchers also found that combining CAR-NKT cells with PD1 blockade and vaccination approaches enhanced their antitumor response. Future research aims to simplify the manufacturing process of CAR-NKT cells for clinical use. [Extracted from the article]

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. However, some patients with certain types of tumors do not respond well to immunotherapy, and researchers believe that tumor-associated fibrosis may be a contributing factor. Tumor-associated fibrosis is the formation of a thick layer of fibrous collagen around the tumor, which acts as a barrier to immune cells that can attack the tumor. In a recent study focused on breast cancer, researchers found that immune cells called tumor-associated macrophages respond to the physical properties of fibrosis by producing substances that suppress the anti-tumor function of other immune cells. These findings highlight the importance of environmental factors, such as tissue stiffness and metabolic challenges, in regulating immune responses in cancer and may help in the development of new strategies to improve immunotherapy for cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy has found a way to enhance the activity of T cells, which are crucial for fighting cancer. By supplying T cells with extra mitochondria from multipotent stromal cells, the researchers were able to "supercharge" the T cells, resulting in increased anti-tumor activity and reduced signs of exhaustion in preclinical models of cancer. This technique could potentially improve existing immunotherapies and help overcome barriers in cancer treatment. The researchers suggest that future applications could involve using patient-matched cells to enhance T cells for adoptive transfer. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Methods And Systems For Allele Typing" by Sante GNERRE addresses the need for accurate allele typing using sequence information. The methods described involve determining known allele sequences, aligning sequence reads to these sequences, and determining the known allele sequences present at specific loci on a chromosome. This invention has potential applications in HLA genotyping, which is important for immune-mediated diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and drug hypersensitivity. The patent application provides detailed descriptions of the methods and systems used for allele typing, specifically for determining genetic variations in a target region of a chromosome. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the importance of enhancing HLA-DR expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for the development of effective adoptive T cell therapies for breast cancer. The study found that CTLs with high HLA-DR levels in the tumor microenvironment have a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and exhibit stronger anti-tumor properties. The researchers conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to clarify the role of HLA-DR in CTLs' anti-tumor abilities and refined a protocol to expand ex vivo HLA-DR-expressing CTLs. They also discovered that blocking HLA-DR or depleting CD4+ T cells compromised CTLs' activation and cytotoxicity. The study suggests that increasing HLA-DR expression in CTLs, particularly through the combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and short-term stimulation, holds promise for improving T lymphocyte-based therapies for breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Universidad Catolica del Maule in Chile presents a mathematical model that simulates the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes in response to viral pathogens. The model considers various components of the immune response, such as epithelial cells, infected cells, free virus particles, and different types of lymphocytes. The researchers conducted a mathematical analysis to determine the conditions for equilibrium solutions and stability. The study suggests that increased levels of regulatory T lymphocytes effectively suppress the inflammatory response, playing a crucial role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. The findings were validated through numerical simulations using data from the literature. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a diagnostic method that can determine the likelihood of non-HLA antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients. The method involves using engineered human glomerular endothelial cells to incubate a blood sample from the individual and measure the antibodies bound to the cells. If the measurement exceeds a certain value, it indicates a risk of rejection. The invention also includes genetically engineered glomerular endothelial cells that can be used as a biomarker in the diagnostic method. This method may be useful in identifying individuals at risk of rejection and guiding treatment decisions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine has found that the spatial arrangement of three specific immune cells is crucial for effectively attacking tumors. The study discovered that a triad of immune cells, including one dendritic cell, one cytotoxic T cell, and one helper T cell, must be physically present together in tumors in order to generate an effective immune response against cancer cells. This finding has important implications for the development of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines, as well as the identification of biomarkers for predicting individual responses to treatment. Further research is being conducted to explore these implications and advance the field of cancer immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial conducted by Geneos Therapeutics and The Wistar Institute has shown promising results for a personalized neoantigen vaccine therapy in patients with liver cancer who failed their initial treatment. Out of the 36 participants, 11 demonstrated tumor regression, with 8 experiencing partial vaccine responses and 3 achieving complete responses. The median overall survival at the time of the study's data cutoff was 19.9 months, exceeding historical endpoints for liver cancer. The research team used a unique gene assembly process to create effective neoantigen building blocks that consistently activated T cells in vivo. This study opens the possibility for further research on the use of neoantigen vaccines in liver cancer and other cancers. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in the journal Nature has uncovered a mechanism by which tumors evade the immune system, hindering the formation of immune responses by cytotoxic T cells. The researchers found that tumors secrete a messenger substance called prostaglandin E2, which binds to receptors on certain immune cells and prevents the development of cytotoxic T cells. Current immunotherapies aim to address this issue at a later stage, but the study suggests that blocking the effects of prostaglandin E2 early on could significantly improve the effectiveness of these treatments. A second study in Nature confirmed these findings, highlighting the potential for developing strategies to overcome tumors' defense mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biology; Life Sciences; Networks; Neural Networks EN Biology Life Sciences Networks Neural Networks 1300 1300 1 05/22/23 20230526 NES 230526 2023 MAY 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in biology. This paper develops a capsule neural network-based method to efficiently capture the peptide-MHC complex features to predict the peptide-MHC class I binding. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Influenza; Pediatrics; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity EN Influenza Pediatrics The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity 7400 7400 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Killer T cells (also known as CD8+ T cells) play a critical role in the immune system by eliminating virus-infected cells. As individuals grow, killer T cells get stronger and more effective at eliminating infected cells, but they disappear in older adults, where they are taken over by cells with a lower killing capacity", he said. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) has revealed a common immune response that is protective across multiple diseases. The study focused on the immune cell receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, which play a role in regulating the function of T cells and natural killer cells. The researchers found that an NKG2A-dominant immune response was associated with decreased disease severity, lower mortality rates, and a reduced prevalence of chronic conditions. These findings have implications for the development of targeted and effective treatments for various diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine have successfully used the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool to repair defective immune cells in mice and two critically ill infants. The study focused on familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a rare and severe immune system disease caused by gene mutations that prevent cytotoxic T cells from functioning properly. By repairing the defective genes in T memory cells and reintroducing them into the mice, the researchers were able to normalize the immune response and alleviate symptoms of FHL. While further research and clinical trials are needed, this breakthrough could potentially lead to new treatments for FHL. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biological Products; Cancer; Cancer Vaccines; Coronavirus; Dentistry; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Engineering; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine; Lymphoma; Nanomedicine; Nanomedicines; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Oncology; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Vaccines; Viral; Virology EN Biological Products Cancer Cancer Vaccines Coronavirus Dentistry Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Engineering Genetics Health and Medicine Immunization Innovation Center of NanoMedicine Lymphoma Nanomedicine Nanomedicines Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Oncology RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Vaccination Vaccine Efficacy Vaccines Viral Virology 10 10 1 07/24/23 20230724 NES 230724 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- The Kawasaki Innovation Center for NanoMedicine (iCONM; Director: Kazunori Kataoka; Location: Kawasaki, Japan) have announced with Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and Kyorin University that a group led by Prof. Satoshi Uchida, Principal Research Scientist of iCONM (Professor, Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University), has developed a novel mRNA derivative and demonstrated its high cellular immunity inducing anti-cancer activities in mice model. The future of this study In this study, the utility of comb mRNA was demonstrated in various mRNA vaccine delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, such as those used in cancer vaccine trials and in the novel coronavirus vaccine that is now in practical use. This cancer mRNA vaccine provides cellular immunity (Note 2) to attack cancer cells by administering mRNA that produces a protein specifically expressed in cancer cells (cancer antigen). [Extracted from the article]

The researchers found that T cells in lymph nodes that drain from the lung tumors did encounter dendritic cells and recognize the tumor antigens displayed by those cells. The lymph nodes are where "killer T cells" encounter dendritic cells, which present antigens (tumor proteins) and help to activate the T cells. Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Factors; Cancer; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Drugs and Therapies; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interferon-gamma; Interferons; Lung Cancer; Lung Diseases and Conditions; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Lymphokines; Macrophage-Activating Factors; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Oncology; Peptides; Proteins; Technology EN Antigen-Presenting Cells Biological Factors Cancer Cytokines Dendritic Cells Drugs and Therapies Genetics Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Immunotherapy Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Interferon-gamma Interferons Lung Cancer Lung Diseases and Conditions Lung Neoplasms Lymph Nodes Lymphoid Tissue Lymphokines Macrophage-Activating Factors Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mononuclear Phagocyte System Oncology Peptides Proteins Technology 2023 FEB 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- CAMBRIDGE, MA -- Immunotherapy - drug treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack tumors - works well against some types of cancer, but it has shown mixed success against lung cancer. [Extracted from the article]

HIV/AIDS, Health and Medicine, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Primate Lentiviruses, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions Keywords for this news article include: University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Asia, HIV/AIDS, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Health and Medicine, Primate Lentiviruses, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Health and Medicine; Immune System Diseases and Conditions; Primate Lentiviruses; RNA Viruses; Retroviridae; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions EN HIV/AIDS Health and Medicine Immune System Diseases and Conditions Primate Lentiviruses RNA Viruses Retroviridae Vertebrate Viruses Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions 145 145 1 11/06/23 20231106 NES 231106 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at AIDS Weekly -- Current study results on HIV/AIDS have been published. [Extracted from the article]

In the study, "Unedited allogeneic iNKT cells show extended persistence in MHC-mismatched canine recipients", published in Cell Reports Medicine, the team found remarkable similarities between human and canine iNKT cell biology. One donor's iNKT cells were "enriched in central memory signatures known to promote longer iNKT survival and anti-tumor activity", the study states, and had significantly less exhaustion-related genes than the other donors. [Extracted from the article]

Photodynamic therapy, an innovative cancer treatment approach, utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which when irradiated by light, selectively kill cancer cells. Keywords: Anticancer Agents; Asia; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cancer Therapy; Chalcogens; Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hong Kong; Oncology; Oxidants; Pharmaceuticals; Photodynamic Therapy; Photodynamics; Phototherapy; Protective Agents EN Anticancer Agents Asia Biotechnology Cancer Cancer Therapy Chalcogens Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hong Kong Oncology Oxidants Pharmaceuticals Photodynamic Therapy Photodynamics Phototherapy Protective Agents 151 151 1 10/03/23 20231003 NES 231003 2023 OCT 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- A research team led by scientists from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has achieved a significant breakthrough by inventing a new class of near-infrared-activated photo-oxidants that can effectively kill cancer cells without requiring oxygen. [Extracted from the article]

A team of researchers from the Institute for Genetic Medicine (IGM) at Hokkaido University has uncovered how estrogen affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes tumor growth in ERa-negative cancers. Keywords: Cancer; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hokkaido University; Oncology; Therapy EN Cancer Genetics Health and Medicine Hokkaido University Oncology Therapy 320 320 1 09/04/23 20230905 NES 230905 2023 SEP 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Anti-estrogenic therapies can suppress the growth of cancer that does not express estrogen receptors; when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, they halt tumor progression in mice models. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cancer; Cancer Gene Therapy; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Dendritic Cells; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Gene Therapy; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunization; Immunology; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nanobodies; Nanotechnology; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccines EN Antigen-Presenting Cells Biological Products Biotechnology Blood Cells CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cancer Cancer Gene Therapy Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Dendritic Cells Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Gene Therapy Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunization Immunology Leukocytes Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Mononuclear Phagocyte System Nanobodies Nanotechnology Oncology Pharmaceuticals T-Lymphocytes Vaccines 22 22 1 07/24/23 20230724 NES 230724 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Researchers detail new data in cancer gene therapy. For more information on this research see: A novel CTLA-4 blocking strategy based on nanobody enhances the activity of dendritic cell vaccine-stimulated antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. [Extracted from the article]

Classical MHC-I molecules are comprised of three major parts: a peptide antigen consisting of 8 to 15 amino acids; a light chain that is the same for all MHC-I molecules; and a highly polymorphic heavy chain. As soon as the light chain falls off, it triggers the MHC-I molecule to disassemble, at which point it is essentially sent for recycling for future peptide loading, serving as a sort of "on/off" switch for the MHC-I molecule. The researchers also demonstrated that their engineered MHC-I molecules promote peptide exchange across multiple HLA allotypes, covering representatives from five HLA-A, six HLA-B supertypes, and HLA-Ib molecules, which have many different forms. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Ibaraki; Japan; Asia; Antigens; Biochemicals; Biochemistry; Cancer; Chemicals; Epitopes; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Molecular Chaperones; Oncology; Proteins EN Ibaraki Japan Asia Antigens Biochemicals Biochemistry Cancer Chemicals Epitopes Health and Medicine Immunology Molecular Chaperones Oncology Proteins 42 42 1 05/08/23 20230508 NES 230508 2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Oncology - Cancer. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from National Institute Biomedical Innovation Health & Nutrition, "To date, numerous pathogen-derived epitopes and cancer cell-specific epitopes have been identified and used in the development of mRNA and peptide vaccines, but much remains unknown regarding the intracellular mechanisms that generate these antigen epitopes. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Jeddah; Saudi Arabia; Asia; Brain Cancer; Cancer; Gliomas; Health and Medicine; Mathematics; Oncology EN Jeddah Saudi Arabia Asia Brain Cancer Cancer Gliomas Health and Medicine Mathematics Oncology 915 915 1 03/27/23 20230328 NES 230328 2023 MAR 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Oncology Week -- Current study results on Oncology - Brain Cancer have been published. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Asia, Brain Cancer, Cancer, Gliomas, Health and Medicine, Mathematics, Oncology. [Extracted from the article]

Dermatology, Environment, Health and Medicine, Lichen Planus, Lichenoid Eruptions, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions Keywords for this news article include: University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Europe, Dermatology, Environment, Lichen Planus, Health and Medicine, Lichenoid Eruptions, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions. Keywords: Dermatology; Environment; Health and Medicine; Lichen Planus; Lichenoid Eruptions; Skin Diseases and Conditions; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions EN Dermatology Environment Health and Medicine Lichen Planus Lichenoid Eruptions Skin Diseases and Conditions Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions 2023 MAR 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- A new study on lichen planus is now available. [Extracted from the article]

Vaccines developed through "rational vaccinology" offer precise dosing for maximum effectiveness This approach to systematically control antigen and adjuvant locations within modular vaccine architectures was created by Mirkin, who coined the term rational vaccinology to describe it. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance. [Extracted from the article]