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Identifying factors that associate with more cited or higher quality research may be useful to improve science or to support research evaluation. This article reviews evidence for the existence of such factors in article text and metadata. It also reviews studies attempting to estimate article quality or predict long‐term citation counts using statistical regression or machine learning for journal articles or conference papers. Although the primary focus is on document‐level evidence, the related task of estimating the average quality scores of entire departments from bibliometric information is also considered. The review lists a huge range of factors that associate with higher quality or more cited research in some contexts (fields, years, journals) but the strength and direction of association often depends on the set of papers examined, with little systematic pattern and rarely any cause‐and‐effect evidence. The strongest patterns found include the near universal usefulness of journal citation rates, author numbers, reference properties, and international collaboration in predicting (or associating with) higher citation counts, and the greater usefulness of citation‐related information for predicting article quality in the medical, health and physical sciences than in engineering, social sciences, arts, and humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value co‐creation as a research topic has been a critical proposition of interest to a wide range of disciplines. In recent years, the field of cultural heritage has also developed a range of information practices to promote different forms of value co‐creation. While the body of literature has begun to accumulate, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of conceptual foundations and how value co‐creation is implemented in cultural heritage information practices. This paper conducted a hermeneutic literature review to understand and conceptualize the core aspects of value co‐creation in various cultural heritage information works. In particular, this paper provides a research mapping of the genres of co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices, the actors, and the roles played by the stakeholders. Further, this review provides an overview of the dominant value co‐creation models in the cultural heritage field. It distills the drivers of value co‐creation and the core value consequences that arise from a process perspective. Finally, this paper puts forward a thematic, theoretical, and methodological agenda for future work based on these findings. The review contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that summarizes the core elements of value co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices. The framework also serves as a call for action, providing a general understanding of the conceptual foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data culture/s as a research topic has begun to attract attention from a wide range of disciplines, albeit with inconsistent application of definitions, dimensions, and applications. This work builds on a call to investigate data culture/s within the information studies domain as a topic related to, but distinct from, information culture. The purpose of this study is to explore what is known about data culture/s in greater depth. We apply a retroductive approach to select and consider likely dimensions, inputs, and aspects of data culture/s in order to further map this construct to the literature, and thereby highlight gaps and opportunities to add to this body of knowledge. The initial candidate dimensions explored below include data‐related skills and attitudes, data sharing, data use/reuse, data ethics and governance, and a specific focus on Indigenous perspectives to provide insights on why and how a group may contest the emergent dominant discourse of data culture/s. Our conclusion highlights areas needing further research to fully define and examine the dimensions, inputs, and aspects of data culture/s, and calls for greater understanding and engagement with data culture/s from the information studies community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classifying papers according to the fields of knowledge is critical to clearly understand the dynamics of scientific (sub)fields, their leading questions, and trends. Most studies rely on journal categories defined by popular databases such as WoS or Scopus, but some experts find that those categories may not correctly map the existing subfields nor identify the subfield of a specific article. This study addresses the classification problem using data from each paper (Abstract, Title, Keywords, and the KeyWords Plus) and the help of experts to identify the existing subfields and journals exclusive of each subfield. These "exclusive journals" are critical to obtain, through a pattern detection procedure that uses machine learning techniques (from software NVivo), a list of the frequent terms that are specific to each subfield. With that list of terms and with the help of optimization procedures, we can identify to which subfield each paper most likely belongs. This study can contribute to support scientific policy‐makers, funding, and research institutions—via more accurate academic performance evaluations—, to support editors in their tasks to redefine the scopes of journals, and to support popular databases in their processes of refining categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a guest editorial from the journal IET Intelligent Transport Systems. It discusses the concept of electro-mobility (e-Mobility) and its potential as a dominant technology for urban mobility in the future. The editorial highlights the challenges of broad adoption of electric vehicles, such as high battery prices and long charging durations, and the need for advanced measures to ensure safe and secure operations. The document also provides a summary of five papers accepted for a special issue on e-Mobility, covering topics such as social investigation, battery power, on-board information, and scheduling control. Overall, the papers demonstrate advancements in the field of electric vehicles and provide inspiration for the integration of e-Mobility into urban transportation systems. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: To describe the non‐significant results in nurses' outcomes after the implementation of person‐centred care (PCC) and discuss if and how enablers of the WE‐CARE roadmap for implementing PCC could abate the non‐significant results. Design: In this paper, an innovative framework of enablers in the WE‐CARE Roadmap is explained in relation to increased PCC and nurses' job satisfaction. Method: Findings from a scoping review and published material provided how PCC and nurses' outcomes connect. The WE‐CARE roadmap entails five enablers: Information technology, Quality measures, Infrastructure, Incentive systems and contracting strategies. Results: The WE‐CARE roadmap was described and each enabler in the WE‐CARE roadmap is discussed concerning PCC and the nurses' job satisfaction. Thus far, the effects of PCC on nurses' outcomes have been non‐significant. The WE‐CARE roadmap enablers can be implemented to ensure an increased PCC implementation and higher nurses' job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in information technology are profoundly impacting a variety of business functions across different industries. R&D and strategic renewal, as critical drivers of organisational innovation, are particularly influenced by these tectonic shifts in the technological landscape. In response, there has been a growing interest among business academics and practitioners in understanding how these technologies can be leveraged to maximise benefits and foster the creation of new value in organisations. This editorial paper proposes a moderated mediation model that provides a comprehensive view of the connections between IT‐related antecedents and outcomes in R&D, strategic renewal, and innovation performance. Through this model, we elucidate the pathways through which IT impacts organisational processes and identify key areas for future research. Additionally, we introduce six papers published in this special issue that explore these themes across various contexts, contributing to the discourse on the strategic implications of IT in digital transformation and business sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New‐type professional farmers are new‐type rural talents with scientific and cultural literacy and professional knowledge of agriculture under the background of rural revitalization. The new type of professional farmers is of great significance for accelerating agricultural modernization and promoting the construction of a powerful modern socialist country. In the process of cultivating new types of professional farmers in rural areas, it is necessary to break through the previous informatization constraints of poor information flow, and give full play to the role of advanced information technology to promote the sustainable economic development. This paper proposes a new type of professional farmer cultivation platform based on edge computing architecture to improve the cultivation efficiency of new type of professional farmers, so as to better promote the development of rural informatization. Aiming at the challenges of energy consumption under the edge platform architecture, this paper proposes a dynamic scheduling method for semi‐online tasks for edge computing platforms. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, the method in this paper is compared with the classic scheduling algorithm, and simulated and verified on the CloudSim platform. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in the task completion time metric. With the expansion of task scale, more energy consumption can be saved by using the algorithm proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An estimated two billion people do not have sufficient access to nutritious food, and nearly half are dependent on small‐scale and subsistence farming. Projections show that the global population is not on track to reach the Sustainable Development Goals. With this in mind, development actors are increasingly seeking to better integrate rural farmers into agricultural markets. This synthesis of the literature can help to inform policy decisions to improve outcomes for smallholder farmers in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and to enable the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. This work is the most comprehensive and up‐to‐date review synthesizing evidence from 262 interventions. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to appraise and synthesize evidence of the effects of five types of interventions facilitating farmers' access to output markets in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine how these effects vary across contexts and subgroups. We also identify evidence on program costs and evidence gaps in the literature. Search Methods: The search of included studies was based on nine major databases/search engines and 25 institutional websites, using a set of English search terms. We also conducted forward and backward citation tracking of literature, published a public call for papers, and contacted key experts. Selection Criteria: We included studies on the effects of five types of output market access interventions, focusing on participants residing in low‐ and middle‐income countries: (1) Farm‐to‐market transport infrastructure interventions; (2) Access to output market information interventions; (3) New marketplaces or alternative marketing opportunities interventions; (4) Contract farming interventions; (5) Improved storage infrastructure and technologies interventions. We included published and unpublished studies from 2000 onwards, with experimental and quasi‐experimental study designs focusing on relevant outcomes. Data Collection and Analysis: We screened 52,366 studies, identifying a total of 439 papers representing 289 unique studies on the effects of 262 interventions in 53 countries. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were completed by two independent reviewers. Main Results: All five types of output market access interventions resulted in small‐to‐moderate positive effects on almost all measures of market participation, agricultural production, and welfare outcomes. These improvements occurred through a reduction in transaction costs, adoption of improved practices, greater farm investment, access to higher prices for farmers, greater volume sold, and increased farm income. Effects vary by intervention type. However, the body of evidence is comprised of a large share of included studies with a high risk of bias. Few studies have information on the cost of interventions, and there are gaps in the available evidence. Authors' Conclusions: Output market access interventions are effective in reducing transaction costs and addressing market failures, thereby leading to higher income levels. Evidence of effects on food security and nutrition is sparse and has not provided conclusive findings. We also found that multi‐component interventions are not necessarily more effective than single component interventions. The specific needs and dynamics of each context should inform the choice of the intervention and approach. Investments in additional research with low risk of selection bias and confounding effects will improve the evidence base, especially for outcomes that constitute gaps in the literature. For example, the effects on quality of agricultural products and group participation are under‐researched, and we did not find any included studies focusing on North Africa or the Middle East. Collecting and reporting information on interventions' cost‐effectiveness will help decision‐makers to prioritize limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of keyphrases in many Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, automatic keyphrase prediction has been emerging. However, these statistically important phrases are contributing increasingly less to the related tasks because the end‐to‐end learning mechanism enables models to learn the important semantic information of the text directly. Similarly, keyphrases are of little help for readers to quickly grasp the paper's main idea because the relationship between the keyphrase and the paper is not explicit to readers. Therefore, we propose to generate keyphrases with specific functions for readers to bridge the semantic gap between them and the information producers, and verify the effectiveness of the keyphrase function for assisting users' comprehension with a user experiment. A controllable keyphrase generation framework (the CKPG) that uses the keyphrase function as a control code to generate categorized keyphrases is proposed and implemented based on Transformer, BART, and T5, respectively. For the Computer Science domain, the Macro‐avgs of P@5, R@5, and F1@5 on the Paper with Code dataset are up to 0.680, 0.535, and 0.558, respectively. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the CKPG models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of information, network, and communication security in today's high-tech society. It highlights the increasing reliance on computer communication networks and the potential risks associated with insecure networks. The article also provides a summary of three papers accepted in a special issue on "Information, Network, and Communications Security." These papers focus on topics such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and wireless communication networks. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of reliable security strategies in reducing economic losses and enhancing social stability and national defense security. [Extracted from the article]

Can market competition between intermediaries improve the quality of citizen‐state interactions? I test this question in the context of a public‐private partnership (PPP) policy that created a network of digital intermediaries ‐ individuals authorized by the state to submit online applications on behalf of citizens. I use the overtime and staggered expansion of the intermediary network to identify the relationship between greater competition among digital intermediaries for the share of citizen applications and the quality of citizen‐state interactions. I find that having an increased presence of intermediaries in a jurisdiction does not improve the citizen experience in engaging with the state. Why doesn't an increase in the presence of intermediaries positively impact the quality of citizen‐state interactions? I argue that digital intermediaries selected by the state have limited incentives to compete in the market for citizen applications. To establish the incentives of digital intermediaries, I juxtapose their functioning against informal intermediaries, who submitted paper‐based applications before the state moved citizen applications online. Based on qualitative interviews and data on the transition from paper‐based to online applications, I show that the PPP policy by formalizing the citizen‐state interface disrupts informal mediation arrangement and limits market competition. The lack of relationship between the expansion of the intermediary network and the quality of citizen‐state interactions has important implications for how low and middle‐income countries deploy information technology for digitizing citizen interfacing governance processes. I conclude by outlining how formalization of citizen‐state interface can be implemented in a manner that can improve citizen experience engaging with the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A practical test that measures the information and communication technology (ICT) skills students need for effectively using ICT in primary education has yet to be developed (Oh et al., 2021). This paper reports on the development, validation, and reliability of a test measuring primary school students' ICT skills required for effectively using ICT (the ECC‐ICT test). Objectives: Based on existing literature, three ICT use domains were identified for effectively using ICT: Effective, collaborative, and creativeuse of ICT. For these three domains, 24 corresponding teaching objectives were identified from a widely used digital literacy framework. Thirty‐four test items cover these teaching objectives in an online test. Methods: A mixed‐method approach was used for the ECC‐ICT test. Four pilot rounds (n=25) implemented qualitative interviews for cognitive validity and refining the test items, followed by a qualitative usability study(n=6). Confirmatory factor analysis and ANOVA provided quantitative insight into the large‐scale test administration(n=575). Results and Conclusions: Composite reliability of our conceptual 3‐factor confirmatory model showed that the test reliably measured primary school effective use of ICT (ω = 0.82), collaborative use of ICT (ω = 0.80) and creative use of ICT (ω = 0.64). Convergent validity (ranging from 0.41 to 0.46) was acceptable. Internal consistency (ranging from 0.84 to 0.91) and discriminant validity (HTMT values below 0.90) are good. ANOVA results show that mean test scores are higher for students in higher grade levels (p < 0.001). The post hoc Bonferroni results show that most grade‐by‐grade comparisons are significant (p < 0.001). Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Information and communication technology (ICT) skills are finding their way into national curriculums as teachers implement more digital learning environments.Teachers currently do not have a measurement instrument for the ICT skills primary education students need to learn in a personalised way. What this paper adds: This paper gives teachers a test that reliably measures the effective, collaborative, and creative ICT skills required for primary school students to learn using ICT.To our knowledge, this test is the first of its kind.Al materials to reproduce the test are available digitally for teachers. The implications of study findings for practitioners: For policy, this test can be used to check if a student is ready to use ICT in a self‐regulated setting.With this test, teachers can assess and support students' growth on the effective, collaborative, and creative ICT skills required for primary school students using ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smallholder farmers in developing nations face multifaceted challenges as they strive to secure fair prices for their agricultural products. With a primary focus on bolstering sustainable agricultural value chains (SAVC), this conceptual paper investigates the transformative potential of Financial Technology (FinTech) solutions. The study synthesizes insights from prior research on SAVC, hurdles faced by smallholder farmers, conventional strategies, and the untapped prospects offered by FinTech solutions in the agricultural sector. Utilizing the PRISMA strategy for comprehensive documentation retrieval, the study underscores the significance of creating a robust SAVC to empower smallholder farmers within the broader value chain landscape. It is found that Agri‐FinTech solutions represent a pivotal avenue for advancing living standards and cultivating agricultural sustainability in developing nations. The integration of FinTech solutions for agri‐credit mechanisms and product market facilitation catalyzes enabling pre‐production financing and ensures fair prices for smallholder farmers in the post‐production phase while neutralizing the value chain's exploitation potential. The study advocates for the expeditious adoption of information technology in developing countries, spotlighting the transformative role of Mobile Financial Services (MFS), which fortifies the agriculture sector, ensuring its resilience and responsiveness to the evolving demands of a globalized market. Drawing upon an evaluation of existing literature on FinTech‐enhanced agricultural initiatives in developing nations, the study outlines directions for future research and creates a path for a more nuanced understanding of the strategic enhancements necessary to fortify the SAVC, fostering a sustainable and equitable ecosystem for smallholder farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the information construction and taking a hospital as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation, existing problems, and reasons for financial management. This paper puts forward the scheme of optimizing hospital financial management and points out that accounting, asset management, cost management, and performance are all based on accounting. Even though with the continuous improvement and development of hospital informatization, various infrastructures have been built, the problems are more prominent. This can be solved by improving the focus on the products, and processes by reducing waste, or by increasing the quality. In hospitals, the core layer of hospital information technology is the financial management construction and development, and it is also an indispensable factor. It is better to improve the hospital's financial fine management level and promote the hospital's sustainable development. It is not enough to improve the assessment management and comprehensive budget management. It is necessary to integrate the perfect Health Information System, enterprise resource planning system, scientific research system, and structured query language database, establish a comprehensive financial management platform, and obtain data information and indicators of various economic operations in hospitals. Experiments show that the consumables sorting optimization algorithm in this paper can improve the equipment management of medical finance to some extent. In other aspects, this system also incorporates information technology to make enhancements to the original financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From employees' varied interpretations of software efficacy to consumers' diverse beliefs about data privacy, technology frames refer to cognitive interpretations, assumptions and expectations that people use to comprehend the essence of information technology within a particular context. These frames differ across groups with different values, interests, experiences and expertise, having critical implications for researchers, managers and organizations. Despite theoretical enthusiasm to understand technology frames, limited methodological insights exist on how to systematically explore and compare technology frames. This gap impedes researchers from exploring novel questions related to technology frames, their variations and how they can be managed effectively. This paper proposes a cognitive method for comparing and elaborating on technology frames. Building on causal mapping and empirical studies, the method formulates steps to plan, elicit, compare and elaborate on the relationships that underlie framing differences. The method offers detailed recommendations and templates for effectively organizing and communicating diverse manifestations of framing differences and their implications. The paper concludes by highlighting the method's practical implications and encouraging research to advance extant knowledge of technology frames in the rapidly changing digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Doctors hold a prima facie duty to respect the autonomy of their patients. This manifests as the patient's 'right' not to know when patients wish to remain unaware of medical information regarding their health, and poses ethical challenges for good medical practice. This paper explores how the emergence of digital health technologies might impact upon the patient's 'right' not to know. Method: The capabilities of digital health technologies are surveyed and ethical implications of their effects on the 'right' not to know are explored. Findings: Digital health technologies are increasingly collecting, processing and presenting medical data as clinically useful information, which simultaneously presents large opportunities for improved health outcomes while compounding the existing ethical challenges generated by the patient's 'right' not to know. Conclusion: These digital tools should be designed to include functionality that mitigates these ethical challenges, and allows the preservation of their user's autonomy with regard to the medical information they wish to learn and not learn about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Higher vocational education is an essential part of the higher education system that complements conventional education. In the context of information and communication technology (ICT) development and academic competition, more and more literature has proved the importance of ICT use in educational development (academic achievement and mental health) and the relationship between information literacy and the educational development of higher vocational students. Objectives: Based on one of the most extensive surveys of higher vocational students, the study combined the Opportunity‐Propensity (O‐P) framework and ecological model to explore the direct effects of different types of ICT use on educational development and the indirect effects from psychological and social factors. Methods: The data involved 28,956 students from seven higher vocational colleges. The class fixed effect and causal mediation analysis models verified the results. Results and Conclusion: The results found differential effects of different types of ICT use on academic achievement and mental health. Information literacy ability can improve the academic achievement of higher vocational students, but at the cost of mental health. ICT use not only directly impacts the academic achievement and mental health, but also has an indirect impact through psychological factors represented by self‐efficacy and technostress and social factors represented by social support. Implications: This study promotes integrating and expanding the O‐P framework and ecological model, enriching the relevant research in ICT use and educational development. Meanwhile, it also provides practical suggestions for realizing rational interventions in ICT use and improving the educational development level of higher vocational students. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Information and communication technology (ICT) use is closely related to the educational development of higher vocational students.The trend of ICT use in higher vocational education has become increasingly apparent.The effects of ICT use are heterogeneous among groups with different information literacy. What this paper adds: O‐P framework and ecological model provide the perspective of theoretical integration.The impact of different types of ICT use on educational development varies.Information literacy can improve academic achievement at the cost of mental health.Psychological and social factors play a mediating role in educational development. Implications for practice and/or policy: The research is helpful to guide students to allocate their time reasonably for different ICT uses.Mental health counselling should be strengthened while cultivating information literacy ability.Develop appropriate ICT usage strategies for students with different information literacy.It is helpful to develop appropriate interventions from a psychological and social perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPS) are at the forefront of the intersection between information technology and physical operations, revolutionizing industries such as communication, automation, control, and intelligent transportation. However, evaluating the reliability of CPS, especially in the presence of multilateral random attacks, poses a complex challenge. This paper introduces an inventive probabilistic modeling approach to enhance the analysis of CPS reliability under the influence of multilateral random attacks. We provide an overview of fundamental CPS concepts and their significant role in modern society, followed by a comprehensive exploration of multilateral random attacks. Our novel probabilistic modeling approach is presented as a means to improve the accuracy and robustness of CPS reliability assessments when faced with multilateral random attacks. Numerical experiments and simulations validate the effectiveness of our innovative approach, emphasizing its potential to fortify the reliability of Cyber‐Physical Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises survey study results identifying knowledge, skills, and attitudes (competencies) for entry‐level internal audit professionals that could be used to develop a curriculum for chartered professional accountant (CPA)‐bound students to pursue fulfilling careers in internal audit and related management positions under changing competency requirements. We built a survey based on the Institute of Internal Auditor's (IIA's) current Competency Framework, modified by insights from internal audit experts, including a suggestion to include a new information technology category. We then summarise responses from 641 internal audit professionals into a two‐dimensional visualisation highlighting the changes from currently identified competencies to expected changes in skill importance one decade in the future. The results highlight that future internal auditors will need to have a broader set of competencies than simply accounting and finance knowledge. Our future focus provides foundational insights related to the necessary and emerging competencies for academic programme planning, future research and practitioners' training and hiring strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Philippines is a lower-middle-income island country with over 153 000 new cancer diagnosis each year.Despite many patients needing radiotherapy as part of disease management, there remains limitations to access. Currently, the Philippines has 50 linear accelerator facilities serving a population of 110 million. However, given the recommendation of 1 linear accelerator for every 250 thousand people, it is evident that the demand for accessible radiotherapy resources is significantly underserved in the country. This paper outlines the collaboration between GenesisCare Solutions (GCS) and Fairview Cancer Center (FCC) to address efficiency and access within the radiotherapy department at FCC. Methods: Through international collaboration between GCS and FCC, areas for improvement were identified and categorized into four domains: Dosimetry quality, Patient workflow, Data & Reporting, and Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure. Action plans were developed then implemented. A baseline measurement was obtained for each domain, and post-implementation evaluation undertaken at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data captured within the electronicmedical record system was extrapolated,and average treatment times were established for pre- and post-engagement. A paired, 2-tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis of outcome parameters using IBM SPSS version 23 for all statistics. Results: Twelve months post-initial engagement, all four domains saw positive outcomes. Improved plan quality linked to Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) utilization rates saw an increase from 20% to 54%. A significant reduction in patient average wait times was also observed, from 27 to 17 min (p ≤ 0.001). Prior to engagement, tracking patient demographics and diagnosis was not prioritized, post engagement an average of 92% diagnosis entry compliance was achieved. Conclusion: Through the collaboration of GCS and FCC, objectives in all action plan domains were achieved, highlighting the benefits of collaboration between low-middle-income and high-income institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconsiders the outpacing argument, the belief that changes in law and other means of regulation cannot keep pace with recent changes in technology. We focus on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in and of themselves as well as applied in computer science, telecommunications, health, finance, and other applications, but our argument applies also in rapidly developing technological fields such as environmental science, materials science, and genetic engineering. First, we discuss why the outpacing argument is so closely associated with information and computing technologies. We then outline 12 arguments that support the outpacing argument, by pointing to some particular weaknesses of policy making, using the United States as the primary example. Then arguing in the opposite direction, we present 4 brief and 3 more extended criticisms of the outpacing thesis. The paper's final section responds to calls within the technical community for greater engagement of policy and ethical concerns and reviews the paper's major arguments. While the paper focuses on ICTs and policy making in the United States, our critique of the outpacing argument and our exploration of its complex character are of utility to actors in other political contexts and in other technical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific novelty drives the efforts to invent new vaccines and solutions during the pandemic. First‐time collaboration and international collaboration are two pivotal channels to expand teams' search activities for a broader scope of resources required to address the global challenge, which might facilitate the generation of novel ideas. Our analysis of 98,981 coronavirus papers suggests that scientific novelty measured by the BioBERT model that is pretrained on 29 million PubMed articles, and first‐time collaboration increased after the outbreak of COVID‐19, and international collaboration witnessed a sudden decrease. During COVID‐19, papers with more first‐time collaboration were found to be more novel and international collaboration did not hamper novelty as it had done in the normal periods. The findings suggest the necessity of reaching out for distant resources and the importance of maintaining a collaborative scientific community beyond nationalism during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each section header of an article has its distinct communicative function. Citations from distinct sections may be different regarding citing motivation. In this paper, we grouped section headers with similar functions as a structural function and defined the distribution of citations from structural functions for a paper as its citation structure. We aim to explore the relationship between citation structure and the future impact of a publication and disclose the relative importance among citations from different structural functions. Specifically, we proposed two citation counting methods and a citation life cycle identification method, by which the regression data were built. Subsequently, we employed a ridge regression model to predict the future impact of the paper and analyzed the relative weights of regressors. Based on documents collected from the Association for Computational Linguistics Anthology website, our empirical experiments disclosed that functional structure features improve the prediction accuracy of citation count prediction and that there exist differences among citations from different structural functions. Specifically, at the early stage of citation lifetime, citations from Introduction and Method are particularly important for perceiving future impact of papers, and citations from Result and Conclusion are also vital. However, early accumulation of citations from the Background seems less important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the decentralization and traceability features of blockchain technology are crucial for fostering closed‐loop production, there are numerous obstacles and insufficient incentives for its implementation. This paper constructs the analysis framework of blockchain adoption and application in closed‐loop production, including four parts: blockchain adoption incentive contract, condition analysis of blockchain application, revenue analysis of blockchain application, and information screening analysis of blockchain application. It is found that the adoption incentive contract is an important driving force to promote manufacturer to apply blockchain technology, and the manufacturer needs to pay information rent to the consumer under information asymmetry. The manufacturer can obtain consumer traceability preference and realize information screening between the manufacturer and consumer. Consumer traceability preference for new products can better promote traceable information technology level and closed‐loop revenue. This research is of great significance in promoting sustainable closed‐loop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Verein der Deutschen Automobilindustrie (VDA) guidelines used for the interpretation of Automotive SPICE 3.1 contain many rules and recommendations and assessors apply them to check the consistency of ratings in an assessment. The VDA guidelines contain detailed procedures and templates to be used in planning, performing and reporting an assessment. However, an assessment is only a small part compared with the support and effort needed to implement improvements and to establish a company‐wide process improvement programme based on best practices. Whereas the VDA guidelines define the assessment process in detail, the ISO norm ISO/IEC 33014:2013 (Information technology—Process assessment—Guide for process improvement) defines a process improvement process. This paper analyses the ISO/IEC 33014:2013 norm and interprets it for the automotive sector and describes a state of the art improvement strategy typical of the automotive industry. Also, the SOQRATES group experiences about good and bad practices in implementing improvement programmes are shared and mapped onto the SPI manifesto principles. The paper concludes with a recommendation to add an improvement strategy‐related appendix to the VDA guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The distributed and decentralized architecture of cloud computing is important for a number of industries, including business, government, entertainment, education, and information technology. It facilitates a wide aspect of information technology, where the computing model is vulnerable to attacks or intrusion. For detecting malicious activities, a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) is required to be developed. In this paper, an enhanced synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with a hybrid one‐dimensional residual auto encoder and the Ensemble of Gradient Boosting (1D‐RAE‐EGB) models are proposed for cloud intrusion detection. The proposed IDS resolves the class imbalance problem through enhanced SMOTE. In addition, noise reduction is accomplished with ID‐RAE, which minimizes the data dimension. Finally, the soft voting‐based ensemble classification model is used for attack detection. The ensemble gradient boosting model comprises categorical boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). The ensemble model is fine‐tuned by reducing the number of parameters under fitting conditions since it is not compulsory to re‐adjust the weight values in a backpropagation process. The proposed IDS is implemented in Python using the NSL‐KDD dataset. The accuracy, precision, recall, f1‐score, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), specificity, and Kappa measure obtained for the proposed IDS are 99.98%, 99.3%, 98.5%, 99.95%, 0.723, 0.46, 99.98%, and 99.97%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against a background of global resource shortage and climate change, there is an urgency for the construction industry to aim towards sustainable development. With the rapid development of information technology, the emergence of extended reality (XR) has provided new ideas and options for sustainable construction (SC). Such technologies are applied in research and practice of the whole construction lifecycle, which can well meet the requirements of SC. This paper presents a critical review of XR applications in SC, aiming to systematically summarize the specific uses and advantages of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. This study also examines the gap in research into the imbalance between the use of technology and the construction stages involved. Most XR applications focus on the preconstruction stage, while visualization and interactivity are the main features for further application. Through qualitative analyses, different applications of XR are introduced in stages throughout the entire lifecycle of building projects. In addition, the current challenges and limitations are presented, and several suggestions are proposed to facilitate further advancements in SC research and practice in the near future. This review provides valuable information to help stakeholders understand the advances in XR research and benefit future exploration and practice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the governance of 'modern' smart organisations that integrates IT‐based orientation to decision‐making, systems thinking through system dynamics modelling and cybernetics. The design of the proposed framework is based on the key role played by knowledge in the governance of organisations. The literature on ambidexterity, organisational learning, knowledge management and systems thinking is the adopted research background. A synthesis of the connection points between these fields is proposed within a theoretical framework named Smart Model‐based Organisations. The main result of this work is represented by the proposed Smart Model‐based Governance (SMbG) framework and an example of application. There are two main findings related to the contribution of the proposed framework: the overcoming of 'data‐based' approaches that favour rigidity in knowledge governance and the contribution of systems approaches that, increasing organisational involvement, improve knowledge governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]