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A hydrogen sensor is created on the basis of an acoustic topological material with a coiled structure. Compared to traditional hydrogen sensors, the sensor does not possess a sensitive layer and works with the shift of a topological interface state induced by hydrogen. The sensor is composed of two phononic crystals with distinct topological characteristics, and an interface state is achieved at the interface of both phononic crystals. When hydrogen is introduced into the sensor, the density and the sound velocity of the gas in the sensor change, which shifts the frequency of the interface state. Thus, the concentration of hydrogen can be obtained by measuring the frequency shift of the interface state. Due to the absence of a sensitive layer, the sensor operates without a chemical sorption process, and the performance of the sensor is marginally influenced by working conditions, temperature, and humidity. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental results show that in different background gases, synthetic air, nitrogen, and argon, the sensor exhibits relative sensitivities of 0.50, 0.50, and 0.37, which do not change with the working conditions. Additionally, the sensor possesses a rapid response, a good linearity and robustness, and a long lifespan. Furthermore, the sensor is designed based on a coiled structure, which considerably improves the space utilization and decreases the bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniaxial strain has been widely used as a powerful tool for investigating and controlling the properties of quantum materials. However, existing strain techniques have so far mostly been limited to use with bulk crystals. Although recent progress has been made in extending the application of strain to two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, these techniques have been limited to optical characterization and extremely simple electrical device geometries. Here, we report a piezoelectric-based in situ uniaxial strain technique enabling simultaneous electrical transport and optical spectroscopy characterization of dual-gated vdW heterostructure devices. Critically, our technique remains compatible with vdW heterostructure devices of arbitrary complexity fabricated on conventional silicon/silicon dioxide wafer substrates. We demonstrate a large and continuously tunable strain of up to − 0.15% at millikelvin temperatures, with larger strain values also likely achievable. We quantify the strain transmission from the silicon wafer to the vdW heterostructure, and further demonstrate the ability of strain to modify the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene. Our technique provides a highly versatile new method for exploring the effect of uniaxial strain on both the electrical and optical properties of vdW heterostructures and can be easily extended to include additional characterization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium phosphide is widely used in electronics and photovoltaic devices due to its high electro-optical conversion efficiency, high electron mobility, and good radiation resistance. Defects are the main limitation for the performance of InP devices. In this work, based on hybrid functional with finite size correction, electronic properties of intrinsic and H-related defects have been investigated in InP. We found that PIn defect is the most stable intrinsic defect with the lowest formation energy. Defect signals detected experimentally are defined by our calculated results. Experimentally observed electron traps with the energy level of EC −0.66 eV and EC −0.68 eV are ascribed to the transition level ɛ(−1/−2) and ɛ(−2/−3) of In vacancies. The hydrogenated vacancies in InP have been systematically reported in the present work. Formation energies of H-related defects indicate that hydrogen atoms prefer to bind to In vacancy than P vacancy. The formation energy of In vacancy decreases with the addition of H, while that of P vacancy increases. For hydrogenated In vacancies, it captures fewer electrons than bare In vacancies when the Fermi level is close to CBM. Especially for the VIn −3H structure, it is 0 charge state in all Fermi levels so that it will not tend to capture electron or hole. Our work is helpful to explain experimental phenomena and radiation-induced damages and improve the performance of InP devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The airway epithelium plays a pivotal role in regulating mucosal immunity and inflammation. Epithelial barrier function, homeostasis of luminal fluid, and mucociliary clearance are major components of mucosal defense mechanisms. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is one of the key players in controlling airway fluid volume and composition, and characteristic cytokines cause ENaC and barrier dysfunctions following pulmonary infections or allergic reactions. Given the limited understanding of the requisite duration and magnitude of cytokines to affect ENaC and barrier function, available treatment options for restoring normal ENaC activity are limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that distinct amino acids can modulate epithelial ion channel activities and barrier function in intestines and airways. Here, we have investigated the time- and concentration-dependent effect of representative cytokines for Th1- (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2- (IL-4 and IL-13), and Treg-mediated (TGF-β1) immune responses on ENaC activity and barrier function in human bronchial epithelial cells. When cells were exposed to Th1 and Treg cytokines, ENaC activity decreased gradually while barrier function remained largely unaffected. In contrast, Th2 cytokines had an immediate and profound inhibitory effect on ENaC activity that was subsequently followed by epithelial barrier disruption. These functional changes were associated with decreased membrane protein expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC, and decreased mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC. A proprietary blend of amino acids was developed based on their ability to prevent Th2 cytokine-induced ENaC dysfunction. Exposure to the select amino acids reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-13 on ENaC activity by increasing mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC, and protein expression of γ-ENaC. This study indicates the beneficial effect of select amino acids on ENaC activity in an in vitro setting of Th2-mediated inflammation suggesting these amino acids as a novel therapeutic approach for correcting this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural variations (SVs) are a feature of plant genomes that has been largely unexplored despite their significant impact on plant phenotypic traits and local adaptation to abiotic and biotic stress. In this study, we employed woolly grape (Vitis retordii), a species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia with both coastal and inland habitats, as a valuable model for examining the impact of SVs on local adaptation. We assembled a haplotype‐resolved chromosomal reference genome for woolly grape, and conducted population genetic analyses based on whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from coastal and inland populations. The demographic analyses revealed recent bottlenecks in all populations and asymmetric gene flow from the inland to the coastal population. In total, 1,035 genes associated with plant adaptive regulation for salt stress, radiation, and environmental adaptation were detected underlying local selection by SVs and SNPs in the coastal population, of which 37.29% and 65.26% were detected by SVs and SNPs, respectively. Candidate genes such as FSD2, RGA1, and AAP8 associated with salt tolerance were found to be highly differentiated and selected during the process of local adaptation to coastal habitats in SV regions. Our study highlights the importance of SVs in local adaptation; candidate genes related to salt stress and climatic adaptation to tropical and subtropical environments are important genomic resources for future breeding programs of grapevine and its rootstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of acoustic metamaterials enables the highly efficient absorption of low-frequency noise with a subwavelength structure thickness, but the complexity of these structures often hinders their large-scale practical applications. Here, we propose a straightforward and compact acoustic metamaterial structure composed of Helmholtz resonators with side slits (HRSS) for low-frequency noise absorption. The introduction of side slits not only simplifies the overall structure but also allows for easy adjustment of acoustic characteristics. By adjusting the depth of the resonator within the slit across 25 distinct units, an absorption coefficient above 0.8 is realized from 470 to 930 Hz. This work demonstrates the extensive low-frequency sound absorption capability of HRSS, providing valuable insights into the design of future practical acoustic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment and diagnosis of controller performance for model‐based closed‐loop control systems has received considerable attention in recent years. A recognized factor dilapidating the controller performance is mismatching the true dynamical model of the plant and the mathematic model employed in the controller. In order to reduce the heavy effort to re‐identify the entire model, a large amount of recent works have been focusing on locating the mismatch. To further improve the mathematic model as well as controller performance, in this article, we provide a novel prediction‐based plant‐model mismatch quantification approach, which belongs to the class of moment match methodology. In particular, two cases of output prediction are considered: one‐step ahead prediction and multistep ahead prediction. Compared with existing efforts along the same line of mismatch quantification, when using the one‐step ahead prediction, our method shows an advantage of light computational complexity. On the other hand, when utilizing multistep predictions, it shows better convergence and robustness than the former, especially in the case of structural mismatches, and the long‐term prediction capability of the model is employed. With both predictions and consideration of the existence of unknown noise models in practice, we show that the plant‐model mismatch and unknown parameters of noise models can be quantified as the solution of a minimization issue that penalizes the discrepancy between the sample of plant outputs and the predictions calculated by considering the plant‐model mismatch and noise model parameters. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the electrochemical performance of batteries approaching the bottleneck gradually, it is increasingly urgent to solve the safety issue. Herein, all‐in‐one strategy is ingeniously developed to design smart, safe, and simple (3S) practical pouch‐type LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Graphite@SiO (NCM811||Gr@SiO) cell, taking full advantage of liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. Even under the harsh thermal abuse and high voltage condition (100 °C, 3–4.5 V), the pouch‐type 3S NCM811||Gr@SiO cell can present superior capacity retention of 84.6% after 250 cycles (based pouch cell: 47.8% after 250 cycles). More surprisingly, the designed 3S NCM811||Gr@SiO cell can efficiently improve self‐generated heat T1 by 45 °C, increase TR triggering temperature T2 by 40 °C, and decrease the TR highest T3 by 118 °C. These superior electrochemical and safety performances of practical 3S pouch‐type cells are attributed to the robust and stable anion‐induced electrode‐electrolyte interphases and local solid‐state electrolyte protection layer. All the fundamental findings break the conventional battery design guidelines and open up a new direction to develop practical high‐performance batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security, gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate change. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa), the queen of forages, shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments, making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate change. In this study, we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa's climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate change. We found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa, particularly enriching defense and stress-response genes. Intersubspecific introgression between M. sativa subsp. falcata (subsp. falcata) and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa's climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden. A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation, and 5.7% of them were introgressions from subsp. falcata. By integrating climate-associated variants and climate data, we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change, particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. These findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding efforts. We also identified pre-adaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations, illuminating a pathway for future breeding strategies. Collectively, this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars, contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change. Population genomic analyses are performed in thit study to unravel alfalfa's climatic adaptation and vulnerability to future climate change. It is found that intraspecific gene flow and interspecific introgression have introduced genes that facilitate adaptation to current and future climates. A total of 1671 candidate genes are identified as being associated with climatic adaptation, providing potential targets for the breeding of climate-resilient cultivars to cope with future climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the characterization and first laser operation of ceramic Yb:LuScO3 in a thin-disk oscillator. The optical performance achieved with a ceramic Yb:LuScO3 disk is compared to the one obtained with an existing ceramic Yb:Lu2O3 disk for reference. The characterization covers the measurement of the fluorescence spectra, the fluorescence lifetimes, and nomarsky imaging. The investigation on the laser operation covers the measurement of resonator losses, output powers, and thermal behavior during continuous-wave operation in a multimode thin-disk oscillator. An average output power of 149 W and a slope efficiency of 51.8% were achieved with the ceramic Yb:LuScO3 disk which reached a maximum surface temperature of about 150 °C. At the same temperature level, a disk made of the already established ceramic Yb:Lu2O3 delivered 957 W of output power with a slope efficiency of 75.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans-laminar fracture is an important topic for engineering composites. In this study, trans-laminar fracture initiation in quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates made of non-crimp fabrics was examined using in situ fast synchrotron X-ray radiography and ex situ X-ray computed tomography. The maximum split lengths were measured by in situ radiography and were compared with the predicted values in a detailed FE model using cohesive elements. Ex situ computed tomography scans were also conducted to confirm that no fibre breakage occurs before the final load drop in the experiments. In situ and ex situ observations are complementary for the understanding of damage initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the problem of prescribed‐time constrained tracking control for a class of 2×2$$ 2\times 2 $$ hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems with actuator dynamics, which are described by a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Since the control input only appears in the ODE subsystem rather than directly on the boundary of PDE subsystem, the control task becomes quite challenging. The most important is that for the control of such ODE controlled PDE systems we mainly make the following two contributions: (1) the controlled output of the PDE system tracks the reference signal within the prescribed time; (2) the controlled output and all the actuator states are constrained. It is the first time that such a prescribed‐time constrained tracking control problem is addressed for the PDE‐ODE coupled system considered in this article. Through rigorous theoretical proof, it is demonstrated that all the system states and control signals are bounded and sufficiently continuous by configuring appropriate design parameters. Finally, the performance is investigated via numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable advancements in navigation tasks in recent years. However, tackling multi-goal navigation tasks with sparse rewards remains a complex and challenging problem due to the long-sequence decision-making involved. Such multi-goal navigation tasks inherently incorporate a hybrid action space, where the robot needs to select a navigation endpoint first before executing primitive actions. To address the problem of multi-goal navigation with sparse rewards, we introduce a novel hierarchical RL framework named Hierarchical RL with Multi-Goal (HRL-MG). The main idea of HRL-MG is to divide and conquer the hybrid action space, splitting long-sequence decisions into short-sequence decisions. The HRL-MG framework is composed of two main modules: a selector and an actuator. The selector employs a temporal abstraction hierarchical architecture designed to specify a desired end goal based on the discrete action space. Conversely, the actuator utilizes a continuous goal-oriented hierarchical architecture developed to enact continuous action sequences to reach the desired end goal specified by the selector. In addition, we incorporate a dynamic goal detection mechanism, grounded in hindsight experience replay, to mitigate the challenges posed by sparse reward landscapes. We validated the algorithm’s efficacy on both the discrete environment Maze_2D and the continuous robotic environment MuJoCo ‘Ant’. The results indicate that HRL-MG significantly outperforms other methods in multi-goal navigation tasks with sparse rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) has great application prospects in the field of optoelectronic devices. Defect engineering is an effective way to regulate the electronic and optical properties of 2D MoS2. However, defect controlling on 2D materials remains a major challenge. Fluorine, as the most electronegative element, may cause many interesting phenomena after doping in 2D materials. So far, there have been no reports on the effect of fluoride ion (F− ion) irradiation on 2D material properties. In this paper, the monolayer MoS2 (ML-MoS2) synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method was taken as the research object, and defects with controllable densities were produced by 30 keV F− ion irradiation, in which the defects were dominated by S vacancies. Based on Raman, photoluminescence, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is shown that the ion irradiation-induced defects significantly affect the optoelectronic properties of MoS2. We also observed the p-doping of ML-MoS2, which is attributed to the introduction of F− ions and the electron transfer from MoS2 to O2 at defect adsorption sites. This study reveals that 2D materials could be effectively doped or compensated using irradiation technology, potentially fabricating novel 2D electrical devices through defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a robust fault-tolerant sliding mode controller is proposed for a class of non-homogeneous Euler–Bernoulli beams which contains controller time-varying fault, external unknown spatiotemporally varying disturbance, and parametric uncertainties. Furthermore, to reduce the number of correspondence between the controller and the actuator, two event-triggered mechanisms are incorporated into the controller design. The sliding surface designed ensures that the system is uniformly ultimately bounded and robust to the parameter uncertainties in model. In addition, the Euler–Bernoulli beam can be used as a model for the flexible wind turbine tower. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control method. The simulation results show that in the presence of unknown faults and parametric uncertainties, the proposed controller can still effectively suppress the vibration of the tower, while the event-triggered mechanism significantly reduces the communications burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical carbon dioxide dewatering (SCD) offers significant potential for wood treatment due to its unique physical-chemical properties. SCD has the advantage of avoiding drying defects caused by capillary tension during the removal of free water in conventional kiln drying (CKD). In this study, 150 mm-long specimens of Juglans mandshurica wood underwent both SCD and CKD treatments, allowing for comparison of various dewatering characteristics such as dewatering rate, moisture distribution, deformation, and drying stresses. The findings revealed that the optimal dewatering time was 25 min. SCD proved highly effective, especially during the high moisture content (MC) phase, demonstrating a dewatering rate up to 5.6 times faster than CKD. SCD achieved a more even dewatering process across the wood, with a maximum MC difference of 4.52% between the core and surface zones. In contrast, CKD exhibited an MC difference 8.3 times larger than SCD. Furthermore, in the longitudinal direction, CKD displayed lower MC at the wood's end locations compared to SCD. Additionally, wood showed shrinkage following CKD but swelling after SCD treatment. Interestingly, both SCD and CKD treatments resulted in nearly identical drying stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the detection of offshore pile foundations has received wide attention in engineering. Compared with traditional methods, the O-cell test has unique advantages in offshore pile foundation detection. To study the load transfer characteristics of the O-cell method for pile testing in coastal soft soil foundation, this paper established the pile–soil numerical model to simulate the O-cell and traditional testing processes. The finite element method and equal displacement method are combined to calculate the conversion coefficient and ultimate bearing capacity, and the distribution forms of axial force, side friction resistance, and tip resistance are discussed. The research results show that the O-cell test method and the traditional method have different load transfer forms. By introducing the equal displacement method into the O-cell pile–soil model, the error between the equivalent conversion ultimate bearing capacity and the calculation result of the surcharge method is less than 0.5%, and the O-cell conversion coefficient can be accurately calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as a possible material platform for quantum information science and related device applications. In TMD monolayers, the dephasing time and inhomogeneity are crucial parameters for any quantum information application. In TMD heterostructures, coupling strength and interlayer exciton lifetimes are also parameters of interest. However, many demonstrations in TMDs can only be realized at specific spots on the sample, presenting a challenge to the scalability of these applications. Here, using multi-dimensional coherent imaging spectroscopy, we shed light on the underlying physics—including dephasing, inhomogeneity, and strain—for a MoSe2 monolayer and identify both promising and unfavorable areas for quantum information applications. We, furthermore, apply the same technique to a MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure. Despite the notable presence of strain and dielectric environment changes, coherent and incoherent coupling and interlayer exciton lifetimes are mostly robust across the sample. This uniformity is despite a significantly inhomogeneous interlayer exciton photoluminescence distribution that suggests a bad sample for device applications. This robustness strengthens the case for TMDs as a next-generation material platform in quantum information science and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-surface-based arbitrary bandwidth filter realization method for terahertz (THz) future communications is presented. The approach involves integrating a meta-surface-based bandstop filter into an ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter and adjusting the operating frequency range of the meta-surface bandstop filter to realize the design of arbitrary bandwidth filters. It effectively addresses the complexity of designing traditional arbitrary bandwidth filters and the challenges in achieving impedance matching. To underscore its practicality, the paper employs silicon substrate integrated gap waveguide (SSIGW) and this method to craft a THz filter. To begin, design equations for electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures were developed in accordance with the requirements of through-silicon via (TSV) and applied to the design of the SSIGW. Subsequently, this article employs equivalent transmission line models and equivalent circuits to conduct theoretical analyses for both the UWB passband and the meta-surface stopband portions. The proposed THz filter boasts a center frequency of 0.151 THz, a relative bandwidth of 6.9%, insertion loss below 0.68 dB, and stopbands exceeding 20 GHz in both upper and lower ranges. The in-band group delay is 0.119 ± 0.048 ns. Compared to reported THz filters, the SSIGW filter boasts advantages such as low loss and minimal delay, making it even more suitable for future wireless communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In type-II Weyl semimetals (WSMs), the tilting of the Weyl cones leads to the coexistence of electron and hole pockets that touch at the Weyl nodes. These electrons and holes experience the Berry curvature generated by the Weyl nodes, leading to an anomalous Hall effect that is highly sensitive to the Fermi level position. Here we have identified field-induced ferromagnetic MnBi2-xSbxTe4 as an ideal type-II WSM with a single pair of Weyl nodes. By employing a combination of quantum oscillations and high-field Hall measurements, we have resolved the evolution of Fermi-surface sections as the Fermi level is tuned across the charge neutrality point, precisely matching the band structure of an ideal type-II WSM. Furthermore, the anomalous Hall conductivity exhibits a heartbeat-like behavior as the Fermi level is tuned across the Weyl nodes, a feature of type-II WSMs that was long predicted by theory. Our work uncovers a large free carrier contribution to the anomalous Hall effect resulting from the unique interplay between the Fermi surface and diverging Berry curvature in magnetic type-II WSMs.The authors study the field-induced ferromagnetic state of MnBi2-xSbxTe4 by quantum oscillations and high-field Hall effect measurements. They confirm a single pair of type-II Weyl nodes, the long-sought “ideal” Weyl semimetal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family structure and characteristics are important factors that affect both economic development and CEOs' decision‐making. Corporate risk‐taking reflects the overall risk choices and preferences of decision‐makers in relation to various decisions. Using data for Chinese non‐state‐owned enterprises between the years 2000 and 2019, we examine the association between CEO offspring gender and corporate risk‐taking. We find that CEOs who have daughters are associated with a lower level of corporate risk‐taking than CEOs who have sons only. Raising daughters significantly stimulates cautious attitudes and behaviors in CEOs and reduces firm overinvestment, thereby lowering the level of corporate risk‐taking. Moreover, raising daughters has a more significant inhibitory effect on corporate risk‐taking for female CEOs and CEOs who were born in regions with a strong patriarchal culture. Our findings also show that CEOs with daughters can help companies effectively avoid financial crises. Focusing on both parenting behavior and corporate financial behavior, we suggest that the parent–child relationship extends far beyond the scope of the family, providing a broader perspective for understanding corporate decision‐making and financial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb:CALYGLO crystals with a dopant concentration of 5 at.% were successfully grown using the Czochralski method. The crystal samples were extensively studied to analyze their structure, room temperature and low temperature spectra, and laser properties. The highest absorption cross-section at 977 nm was calculated to be 1.83 × 10−20 cm2 for σ polarization and 5.32 × 10−20 cm2 for π polarization. Similarly, the emission cross-section was determined to be 1.38 × 10−20 cm2 at 980 nm for σ polarization and 2.28 × 10−20 cm2 at 981 nm for π polarization, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 50.3 nm and 89.5 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the 5 at.% Yb:CALYGLO crystal at 2F5/2 was measured to be 1.10 ms. Additionally, gain cross-sections were calculated for different β values. In the continuous laser experiment, the crystal demonstrated a laser output of 20.15 W at 1057 nm, with a slope efficiency of 53.3%. These experimental findings indicate that the lattice of Y3+ in the crystal is partially replaced by Lu3+ and Gd3+, resulting in a broader spectrum. Consequently, this crystal shows promising potential as a gain medium for ultrashort pulse laser crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of researching the reliability of dynamic-pressure mechanical seals, this paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for dynamic-pressure mechanical seals based on the Monte Carlo method. Based on the influence of the mass transfer coefficient on vaporization phase transition, a liquid film vaporization model of a hydrodynamic mechanical seal's end face is established, and the working condition parameters and groove structure parameters are designed using the experimental design method. The vaporization characteristics of the liquid film under various parameters are analyzed, and the functional functions of the vaporization characteristics are obtained by fitting. Combined with the maximum vapor phase volume fraction when the dynamic-pressure mechanical seal changes from the liquid miscible phase to the vapor miscible phase, the limit state equation of the vapor phase volume fraction is obtained. Finally, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the sealing reliability under specific groove structure parameters is calculated. Our research shows that this method has practicability and effectiveness for the reliability evaluation of mechanical seals with different working conditions and different groove structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work develops a network of adaptive boundary observers and studies the agreement between state and parameter estimates for a single target parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) system in the presence of structured and unstructured uncertainties. It is assumed that the unknown parameters take the form of either a structured uncertainty with unknown constant parameters or an unstructured uncertainty that can be neutralized by a radial basis function neural networks with unknown weights. The proposed adaptive observers consisting of m$$ m $$ agents in the network follow the structure of adaptive identifiers for the considered target PDE systems with the insertion of a penalty term in both the state and parameter estimates. Different from earlier efforts, the proposed adaptive laws include a penalty term of the mismatch between the parameter and state estimates generated by the other adjacent agents, which helps to accelerate the estimation of uncertainties. Additionally, the effects of these modifications on the agreement amongst the state and parameter estimates are investigated. Theoretical proofs are provided to show that the proposed approach guarantees the exponential convergence of estimation errors in the case of structured uncertainties and the ultimate boundedness of estimation errors in the case of unstructured uncertainties. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the design methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigated the effect of geometric structural parameters on flow patterns and pressure drops and gas–liquid mixing effects of gas–liquid mixing devices. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to calculate the airflow inside the mixer of a compressed air–foam gas–liquid mixing device with different cone angles, foam flow rates, air inlet inclination angles, and pipeline diameters. The results obtained are the pressure distribution, the liquid volume fraction, and the liquid phase streamlines in the mixing device. The numerical simulation results showed that for a gas–liquid mixing device, the optimal inlet inclination angle was 60°–70°, and the mixing effect of an equal diameter mixer was better than that of a variable diameter mixer, but it would reduce the mixing efficiency of the air and foam. The optimal pipeline diameter of the conveying pipeline was 190 mm, and the optimal cone angle of the mixing device was 55°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide range of applications and continuous demand for plastics is causing serious global environmental problems. Massive discharges of expanded polystyrene (EPS) are thought to be primarily responsible for the increased white pollution. Waste EPS has received wide attention in the development of innovative products. White light-emitting diodes pumped by a near-UV chip (n-UV WLEDs) are regarded as a very promising solid-state lighting. The performance of the n-UV WLED is largely determined by the properties of the tricolor luminescence materials. In this work, a blue-emitting polymer film for n-UV WLED applications was developed from waste EPS. First, using waste EPS as a raw material, benzimidazole groups were bonded to PS benzene rings by chemical reactions to obtain modified PS (PS-PBI). Then, a film based on PS-PBI was prepared by a simple solution drop-casting method. The PS-PBI film can emit intense blue light when irradiated with 365 nm light. An n-UV WLED pumped by a 365 nm UV chip was fabricated using PS-PBI film as the blue-emitting layer. The fabricated n-UV WLED shows excellent luminescence properties, such as a bright white light with color coordinates of (0.337, 0.331), a relatively low color temperature (CCT, 5270 K), and an especially high color rendering index (CRI, 93.6). The results prove that the blue-emitting PS-PBI film prepared from waste EPS is a very promising candidate for n-UV WLED applications. The strategy of converting waste EPS into a high-value-added blue-emitting film in this work provides a convenient and feasible approach for upcycling waste EPS, achieving significant environmental and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs) are anisotropic light-matter excitations with promising applications, but their steady-state observation is challenging. Here, the authors report experimental evidence of HEPs in a van der Waals magnet, CrSBr, via cryogenic infrared near-field microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fictional story is always narrated from a certain narrative voice and mode of focalization. These core narrative techniques have a major impact on how readers interpret the narrative plot and connect with the characters. This study used eye-tracking to investigate how classic narrative reading is affected by narrative voice and focalization. The results showed that the third-person narrative voice was read more slowly than the first-person narrative voice, especially when the narrative was presented with internal focalization. Importantly, the transition from a first-person to a third-person narrative voice generally resulted in longer reading times, whereas a switch from a third-person to a first-person narrative voice only yielded limited benefits in terms of reduced reading time. These findings provide direct evidence to support the assumption that there is a distinction between the first-person narration and the third-person narration and demonstrate the important role of narrative voice and focalization in understanding narrative texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of solar‐driven interfacial evaporation and electricity co‐generation is considered a promising approach to simultaneously alleviate freshwater scarcity and the energy crisis. However, affected by intermittent solar irradiation/uncontrollable weather, the overall performance of solar‐driven evaporation in the real world is greatly reduced. Herein, inspired by antifreeze proteins in beetles that survive in extreme climates, all‐weather solar‐driven interfacial evaporators with a sandwich structure are designed. The top and bottom layers composed of MnO2‐modified cotton cloth are used for photothermal conversion and water transport, meanwhile, the middle layer made of a phase change microcapsule/hydrogel composite serves for heat storage and release. Under 1 kW m−2 irradiation, the evaporator exhibits a high evaporation rate of 2.67 kg m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 89.5%. In the dark, the heat released from the phase change layer supports an evaporation rate of 0.43 kg m−2 h−1, 3.6 times that of pure water. Additionally, assembled with a thermoelectric module, the hybrid device achieves a stable output electricity power of 0.42 W m−2 under 1‐sun illumination and a prolonged output for 30 min in the dark. This work provides a novel approach for full‐time solar‐powered steam‐electricity co‐generation and a proof of concept for biomimetic steam generation/heat management integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) can reduce the incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and this intervention is often applied on adults with hematologic malignancy. However, the high relapse rate hinders the development of the intervention and data of PTCy used on children with hematologic malignancy remains limited. In order to overcome issue of high relapse rate in PTCy treatment, we used fludarabine (Flu), enhanced dose of cytarabine (Ara-C, 9 g/m2), busulfan (Bu), Cy, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) combined with PTCy for an intensified conditioning regimen. A total of 22 children with acute leukemia received intensified PTCy conditioning regimen (PTCy intensified group). We matched with 18 children who received modified Bu-Cy and ATG conditioning regimen in the same period (ATG group). The two-year cumulative incidences of grade II–IV acute GVHD was significantly lower in PTCy intensified group (13.6 ± 7.7% vs 38.9 ± 11.5%, P = 0.048). Two-year GVHD-free relapse free survival (GRFS) in PTCy seems to be better among the increment group despite not being significant (63.3 ± 10.3% vs 35.4 ± 11.9%, P = 0.092). The positive rate of minimal residual disease after transplantation was significantly lower than that before transplantation (20.0% vs 2.5%, P = 0.029). In conclusion, ATG and PTCy combined with Flu-based increased intensity conditioning regimen is effective for acute leukemia in children. It could reduce GVHD rate significantly and potentially improve GRFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of joint source-channel coding (JSCC) schemes using deep learning has accelerated the development of semantic communication research. Existing JSCC schemes based on deep learning (DL) are trained on a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); however, these trained models are not designed for scenarios in which the SNR is dynamic. Therefore, a novel semantic adaptive model for semantic communication—called joint source-channel coding with adaptive models (AMJSCC)—that has a semantic adaptive model selection (SAMS) module is proposed. The joint source-channel encoding (JSCE) model and the joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) model adapt according to both real-time channel conditions and system available computational power resources. Furthermore, residual networks with different layers are investigated to further improve the accuracy of information recovery. Simulation results demonstrate that our model can achieve higher recovery similarity and is more robust and adaptive to the SNR and communication resources. Meanwhile, compared to the state-of-the-art deep JSCC methods, it reduces storage space and communication resource consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to derive sodium abundances and investigate the effects of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) on the formation of H-band Na I lines, we update the sodium atomic model by incorporating collision rates with hydrogen from new quantum-mechanical calculations. The differential Na abundances for 13 sample stars are obtained by analyzing high-resolution H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and optical spectra under both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and NLTE conditions. Consistent abundances from both bands suggest that our updated atomic model is valid for studying the formation of H-band Na I lines. Our calculations show that, in our stellar parameter space, NLTE effects are negative and can result in corrections larger than −0.4 dex on optical lines. The corrections on H-band Na I lines are typically small, within about 0.05 dex, but not negligible if accurate sodium abundance is desired. We note that the [Na/Fe] ratios favor the theoretical galactic chemical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total radiated power (TRP) has been stipulated as the spurious emission limit for a mmWave terminal. Angular sampling is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of the measurement of the TRP of spurious emissions while improving measurement efficiency. In this study, we investigate the sampling requirements for different TRP measurement methods. A novel algorithm based on the statistical analysis of the measurement uncertainty caused by the sampling step is proposed. Specifically, the HPBW of the entire machine radiation pattern is considered instead of that of a simple antenna array. This study was conducted in strict compliance with regulatory requirements to ensure that the statistical algorithm was more closely aligned with practical testing. Based on this, the maximum sampling steps allowed by different terminal models while maintaining measurement accuracy were analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that negligible measurement uncertainty was produced when the sampling step of the full spherical grid method was less than 6 ∘ . However, for the two-cut and the three-cut methods, a maximum of 2 dB of measurement uncertainty should be considered. These findings are valuable inputs for the ongoing work on electromagnetic compatibility testing and standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars might cause large bone defects in the distal area of second molars. A new strategy was innovatively employed here combining autologous bone, Bio-Oss, concentrated growth factors (CGF) gel and CGF membrane for bone repair, and the present study aimed at exploring safety as well as short- and long-term efficacy of this new protocol clinically. Materials and methods: A total of 66 participants were enrolled in this randomized single-blind clinical trial, and randomly allocated to control group (only blood clots), test A group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss with barrier membrane) and test B group (autogenous bone, Bio-Oss, CGF gel with CGF membrane). The postoperative outcomes including PoSSe scale, periodontal probing depth (PD), degree of gingival recession and computed tomography measurements were assessed at 3rd, 6th, 12th month. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In PoSSe scale, no significant difference was observed except a significant alleviation of early-stage pain perception in test B group (p < 0.05). Also, test B group exhibited better effect on periodontal healing and gingival recession reduction after 6 months (p < 0.05). Both two test groups showed more new bone formation than the control group (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the bone repair of test B group was significantly better than that of test A at 3rd and 6th month (p < 0.05), yet no difference was observed at 12th month (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both two test groups could achieve stable long-term efficacy on bone defect repair. The use of CGF gel and CGF membrane could accelerate early-stage bone repair, alleviate short-term pain after surgery, reduce long-term probing depth and relieve economic cost for patients. This new bone repair protocol is worthy of promoting by clinicians. Trial registration: This study was registered with the identification number ChiCTR2300068466 on 20/02/2023 at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Also, it was ethically approved from the institutional ethics committee at the Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (No:2023-010-01), and has been conducted in accordance to the guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking and topology can result in exotic quantum states of matter. A celebrated example is the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state, which exhibits an integer quantum Hall effect at zero magnetic field owing to intrinsic ferromagnetism1–3. In the presence of strong electron–electron interactions, fractional QAH (FQAH) states at zero magnetic field can emerge4–8. These states could host fractional excitations, including non-Abelian anyons—crucial building blocks for topological quantum computation9. Here we report experimental signatures of FQAH states in a twisted molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) bilayer. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements reveal robust ferromagnetic states at fractionally hole-filled moiré minibands. Using trion photoluminescence as a sensor10, we obtain a Landau fan diagram showing linear shifts in carrier densities corresponding to filling factor v = −2/3 and v = −3/5 ferromagnetic states with applied magnetic field. These shifts match the Streda formula dispersion of FQAH states with fractionally quantized Hall conductance of σ x y = − 2 3 e 2 h and σ x y = − 3 5 e 2 h , respectively. Moreover, the v = −1 state exhibits a dispersion corresponding to Chern number −1, consistent with the predicted QAH state11–14. In comparison, several non-ferromagnetic states on the electron-doping side do not disperse, that is, they are trivial correlated insulators. The observed topological states can be electrically driven into topologically trivial states. Our findings provide evidence of the long-sought FQAH states, demonstrating MoTe2 moiré superlattices as a platform for exploring fractional excitations.Signatures of fractional quantum anomalous Hall states at zero magnetic field are observed in a fractionally filled moiré superlattice in a molybdenum ditelluride twisted bilayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integer quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a lattice analogue of the quantum Hall effect at zero magnetic field1–3. This phenomenon occurs in systems with topologically non-trivial bands and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. Discovery of its fractional counterpart in the presence of strong electron correlations, that is, the fractional QAH effect4–7, would open a new chapter in condensed matter physics. Here we report the direct observation of both integer and fractional QAH effects in electrical measurements on twisted bilayer MoTe2. At zero magnetic field, near filling factor ν = −1 (one hole per moiré unit cell), we see an integer QAH plateau in the Hall resistance Rxy quantized to h/e2 ± 0.1%, whereas the longitudinal resistance Rxx vanishes. Remarkably, at ν = −2/3 and −3/5, we see plateau features in Rxy at 3 2 h / e 2 ± 1 % and 5 3 h / e 2 ± 3 % , respectively, whereas Rxx remains small. All features shift linearly versus applied magnetic field with slopes matching the corresponding Chern numbers −1, −2/3 and −3/5, precisely as expected for integer and fractional QAH states. Additionally, at zero magnetic field, Rxy is approximately 2h/e2 near half-filling (ν = −1/2) and varies linearly as ν is tuned. This behaviour resembles that of the composite Fermi liquid in the half-filled lowest Landau level of a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic field8–14. Direct observation of the fractional QAH and associated effects enables research in charge fractionalization and anyonic statistics at zero magnetic field.Transport measurements in twisted bilayer MoTe2 reveal quantized Hall resistance plateaus and composite Fermi liquid-like behaviour under zero magnetic field, constituting a direct observation of integer and fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite progress in the diagnosis and treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN), the prognosis remains unfavorable. Previous investigations have suggested that the deficiency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). But the prognostic value of Tregs in PLN remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of Tregs with renal outcomes in patients with PLN. Methods: The baseline and follow-up data of patients with biopsy-proven PLN were collected in this study. All patients were divided into two groups according to whether the renal endpoint event occurred. Clinicopathologic features and therapeutic responses were compared between the two groups. Cox regression analyses curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were implemented to investigate the relationship between Tregs level and the long-term renal outcomes. The renal endpoint was defined as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or doubling the SCr value. Results: A total of 405 PLN patients were included. After a follow-up of 71.53 (53.13–97.47) months, 42 (10.4%) patients reached the renal endpoint. The Treg cell counts (16/μL) in the renal endpoint group were significantly decreased than that in the non-renal endpoint group (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the high level of Tregs was an independent protective factor for the long-term renal prognosis of PLN. Smooth curve fitting of the generalized additive mixed model analysis indicated that the risk of renal endpoint first decreased with Tregs and then slightly increased along with Treg cell levels. The segmented linear model revealed that when Treg cell counts <46/μL, the risk of renal endpoint decreased by 6.8% for every 1 μL increase in Treg levels (p = 0.0029). Conclusion: Treg cell counts are closely related to the long-term renal outcomes of patients with PLN, and increasing Treg cell levels may play an important role in improving the prognosis of the kidney, but there may be a turning point (i.e., threshold effect) at the Treg cell counts that leads to directional changes in the renal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the direct comparison of single-crystal and ceramic Yb3+:Lu203 gain media with respect to emission spectra, fluorescence lifetime, depolarization, and laser performance in a continuous-wave thin-disk laser oscillator. The most efficient laser operation was achieved with a single-crystal disk in multimode operation with a slope efficiency of 72.1% and an average output power of 997 W. At the same temperature level, a ceramic disk delivered 861 W with a slope efficiency of 68.6%. In fundamental-mode operation, the highest average power of 360 W and highest optical efficiency of 41.3% were obtained with a ceramic disk. For the single-crystal disk, the fundamental-mode output power was limited to 113 W at an optical efficiency of 29%, potentially due to stress within the crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a low-floor bit-mapping (LFBM) scheme for bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems to meet more stringent quality of service requirements of 5G and beyond. For high-efficiency transmissions, we consider the 5G low-density parity-check codes with high-order 2m-quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs). The proposed LFBM scheme overcomes plenty of trapping sets induced by the bit interleaver, which focuses on the waterfall performance too aggressively. When the high-order QAM is used, the row-column interleaver specified by the 5G standard is such a bit interleaver. The LFBM scheme only optimizes the rule of mapping an m-bit tuple output by the row-column interleaver to a modulation symbol, rather than the entire bit interleaver. Therefore, the optimized bit mapper is actually an m-bit permutation module concatenated with the original bit interleaver employed in the current 5G BICM systems. The simulation results confirm that the LFBM scheme can lower the error floor of the 5G BICM system by approximately two orders of magnitude, while with negligible performance loss in the waterfall region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays an important role in tumor initiation in other tumors, but the function of CDK1 in PDAC remains unclear. Fisetin is a bioactive flavonoid with anti-tumor properties in multiple tumors, while its function in CSCs remains elusive. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that CDK1 was correlated with prognosis and was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and gemcitabine-resistant cells. Silencing CDK1 impaired tumor stemness and reduced a subset of CSCs. We found that fisetin blocked the kinase pocket domain of CDK1 and inhibited pancreatic CSC characteristics. Using acetylation proteomics analysis and phosphorylation array assay, we confirmed that fisetin reduced CDK1 expression and increased CDK1 acetylation at lysine 33 (K33), which resulted in the suppression of CDK1 phosphorylation. Silencing CDK1 or STAT3 suppressed tumor stemness properties, while overexpressing CDK1 or STAT3 showed the opposite effect. Mutation or acetylation of CDK1 at K33 weakened STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705, impairing the expression of stem-related genes and pancreatic cancer stemness. In addition, lack of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), which deacetylates CDK1, contributed to weakening STAT3 phosphorylation by regulating the post-translational modification of CDK1, thereby decreasing the stemness of PDAC. Moreover, our results revealed that fisetin enhanced the effect of gemcitabine through eliminating a subpopulation of pancreatic CSCs by inhibiting the CDK1–STAT3 axis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the role of post-translational modifications of CDK1–STAT3 signaling in maintaining cancer stemness of PDAC, and indicated that targeting the CDK1–STAT3 axis with inhibitors such as fisetin is a potential therapeutic strategy to diminish drug resistance and eliminate PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T cells play an important role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The mechanism underlying such T cell‐based kidney disease, however, remains elusive. Here the authors report that activated CD8 T cells elicit renal inflammation and tissue injury via releasing miR‐186‐5p‐enriched exosomes. Continuing the cohort study identifying the correlation of plasma level of miR‐186‐5p with proteinuria in FSGS patients, it is demonstrated that circulating miR‐186‐5p is mainly derived from activated CD8 T cell exosomes. Renal miR‐186‐5p, which is markedly increased in FSGS patients and mice with adriamycin‐induced renal injury, is mainly delivered by CD8 T cell exosomes. Depleting miR‐186‐5p strongly attenuates adriamycin‐induced mouse renal injury. Supporting the function of exosomal miR‐186‐5p as a key circulating pathogenic factor, intravenous injection of miR‐186‐5p or miR‐186‐5p‐containing T cell exosomes results in mouse renal inflammation and tissue injury. Tracing the injected T cell exosomes shows their preferential distribution in mouse renal tubules, not glomerulus. Mechanistically, miR‐186‐5p directly activates renal tubular TLR7/8 signal and initiates tubular cell apoptosis. Mutating the TLR7‐binding sequence on miR‐186‐5p or deleting mouse TLR7 largely abolishes renal tubular injuries induced by miR‐186‐5p or adriamycin. These findings reveal a causative role of exosomal miR‐186‐5p in T cell‐mediated renal dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SLM (selective laser melting) is an important additive manufacturing technology. Parts with complex structures can be produced by SLM, so surface cracks and other defects within SLM parts are difficult to be identified by traditional nondestructive testing techniques. In this paper, laser ultrasonic technology is proposed to identify the surface crack of SLM specimen. Because of the anisotropy and residual stress of the specimen, the time signal is strongly interfered with by noise, which makes the identification and location of the crack difficult. To solve this problem, the phase space was reconstructed from the time signal and analyzed by the local singular value decomposition method. According to the result of the experiment, this method can reveal the variation of the phase space and has a good effect on the identification and location of the surface crack whose depth is larger than 1 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has been called a Global Health Emergency worldwide. According to their available resources, developed and developing countries' public and private sectors are fighting against this pandemic. This paper examines how effective the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) strategies under the Chinese government response to control this COVID-19. The study takes the Chinese government and private sector's collective efforts for analysis and discussion from January 01 to October 31, 2020. Applying linear regression revealed that public governance strategies have worked to control this pandemic's severity and frequency. The results also show that despite the negative COVID-19 graph, the Chinese government has remained consistent in health and stringency measures. Furthermore, in cooperation with private sectors, China's emergency management has built two makeshift hospitals in 12 days and 5G technology implementation; Health Code application and volunteer works illustrate sharing governance by PPP. The study advises that by keeping in mind the strategy of PPP in China, other countries should also involve private sectors to mitigate emergency issues like COVID-19 for fast and effective outcomes and ask for assistance from the Chinese government and follow their quarantine and prudent policies to control this contagious disease. It further suggests that governments should engage private sectors before draft effective emergency preparedness policies to fight against future calamities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]