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Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pediatrics directly and indirectly played an important role in the history of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. However, the history of the Nobel Prize and pediatrics goes beyond the actual laureates. Based on original files in the archive of the Nobel committee of physiology or medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, this overview aims to shed new light on why the international pioneers of pediatrics Abraham Jacobi (1830-1919) and Otto Heubner (1843-1926) were nominated but never received the prize in 1918. Moreover, Clemens von Pirquet (1874-1929), one of the founders of this journal in 1910 (previously known as Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde), also appears in the Nobel records during the first decades of the twentieth century, nominated by Heubner and others.Conclusion: We argue that studies of Nobel nominations give new opportunities to study not only the selection process for Nobel laureates, but also to explore which pioneers were seen as the most outstanding at a particular point in time and why. What is known? • Recent historical research suggests that Nobel Prize nominations can help to reconstruct trends in medicine over time. What is new? • This paper takes a new approach on the history of pediatrics and shows why the internationally famous pediatricians Abraham Jacobi, New York, and Otto Heubner, Berlin, were runners-up for the Nobel Prize hundred years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents announcements regarding meetings that are related to contact dermatitis as of September 1, 1990. The second annual meeting of the American Contact Dermatitis Society would be held on November 30, 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia. The most outstanding paper would be awarded with "The Alexander A. Fischer M D Resident Award. From June 12-18, 1992 , the 18th World Congress of Dermatology would be held at New York city, New York, United States. Details regarding when concerned abstracts should be submitted is provided.

The article presents the proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) that was held on May 18-21, 1967 at Bolton Landing, New York. The conference was divided into fifteen formal sessions and three round tables. The new format also consists a presentation program of the best papers from a recent AAPOR competition for graduate students. In addition to the informative meetings, numerous social events were also organized. Also, the AAPOR Award of 1967 for distinguished achievement in the field of public opinion was presented to Hans Zeisel, a social researcher. Some of the topics on which papers were presented at the conference are: variations in the application of theory to attitude and opinion research; interviewing: special situations and problems; polling and the political process; socio-medical research in sensitive areas; predicting purchasing behavior: alchemy or science? and; computer-assisted analysis of survey data.

The article offers information on miscellaneous topics related to mineralogy and the journal "Rocks and Minerals." It reports the journal's plan to publish more articles on minerals and localities of New York. The 2009 Pinch Medal was presented to mineralogist Roy Kristiansen. It also gives information on Frank C. Hawthorne, recipient of the 2008 Carnegie Mineralogical Award, and acknowledges various contributors for the journal's current issue.

For more than 100 years, the Bellevue Hospital Chest Service in New York City has contributed major advances in our understanding of pulmonary disease. Research from the cardiopulmonary laboratory of the Chest Service by Drs. Cournand and Richards resulted in the shared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 for the development of human cardiac catheterization. In more recent years, continuing its mission to serve the underserved and respond to health crises, the Bellevue Chest Service has served as a leader in the management of HIV infections, multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemics, early detection of lung cancer, and management of urban asthma. Members of the Chest Service founded the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center shortly after collapse of the towers in 2001. The Chest Service became New York's infectious isolation unit caring for the first patient in New York infected with Ebola virus. Recent research has focused on disease management, with the first in-house Directly Observed Therapy Clinic for treatment of tuberculosis, clinical trials of aerosolized IFN-γ, and translational research on host defense against tuberculosis infection. Studies of the airway mucosa have revealed mechanisms by which ambient pollutants promote asthma. Studies on the World Trade Center firefighters and community populations have promoted understanding of systemic inflammation and small airways function. Today, the partnership between a public hospital and an academic institution promotes the synergy that leads to cost-effective and state-of-the art care for an underserved population as well as cutting-edge training and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Susan Band Horwitz is a Distinguished Professor and holds the Falkenstein Chair in Cancer Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. She is co-chair of the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and associate director for therapeutics at the Albert Einstein Cancer Center. After graduating from Bryn Mawr College, Dr. Horwitz received her PhD in biochemistry from Brandeis University. She has had a continuing interest in natural products as a source of new drugs for the treatment of cancer. Her most seminal research contribution has been in the development of Taxol®. Dr. Horwitz and her colleagues made the discovery that Taxol had a unique mechanism of action and suggested that it was a prototype for a new class of antitumor drugs. Although Taxol was an antimitotic agent blocking cells in the metaphase stage of the cell cycle, Dr. Horwitz recognized that Taxol was blocking mitosis in a way different from that of other known agents. Her group demonstrated that the binding site for Taxol was on the β-tubulin subunit. The interaction of Taxol with the β-tubulin subunit resulted in stabilized microtubules, essentially paralyzing the cytoskeleton, thereby preventing cell division. Dr. Horwitz served as president (2002-2003) of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. She has received numerous honors and awards, including the C. Chester Stock Award from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize from Harvard Medical School, the Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Cancer Research, the American Cancer Society's Medal of Honor, and the AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research. The following interview was conducted on January 23, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of the Good Behavior Game was examined in a multiethnic New York City public high school. Classroom rules were posted and students were divided into two teams. A reinforcement preference questionnaire was used to select daily and weekly prizes. The classroom teacher indicated that he was going to place a check on the board after every rule infraction as he named rule violators and their infractions. Students were also told that the team with the fewest marks at the end of each day would become the daily winners and receive prizes. They were also told that the team with the fewest marks for the week would be recognized as the weekly winners and receive additional prizes. The rate of disruptive behavior was charted across four treatment phases using a reversal design. The game phases were associated with marked reductions in the rate of seat leaving, talking without permission, and aggression. Teacher and student feedback supported the social validity of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author used an Internet search to locate hospitals presently practicing green policies. She also included results from a Practice Greenhealth survey. Governmental antecedents and benefits of the green movement were also included. With limited documentation of the green movement in hospitals, the primary goal was to provide a compilation of policies and procedures that may be useful to hospitals considering the implementation of green practices. To that end, approximately 10 case hospitals were highlighted, along with a team of hospitals that collaborated on environmental and patient initiatives. The Practice Greenhealth survey of over 700 member hospitals highlighted additional progress that hospitals have achieved in the green movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to articles published within the issue is presented, including one on a presentation delivered as part of the Brooklyn Bridge 125th anniversary celebration in 2008, and also the provides the list of 2008 Outstanding Paper Award honored by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Typesetters had raced from the day there were two of them probably for beer betting and drinking. Sometimes, around youth or printers with morals, the wager became a purse in 1846, when a boyish Robert Bonner won a contest, his colleagues at New York American Republican left ten dollars for him. In 1870, George Arensberg collected a fifty-dollar bet when he won particularly a famous race. As these races became popular so did the prizes. Joseph William McCann was born in 1856 in Williamstown, Ireland, a village south of Dublin. He arrived in New York in June 1881. With countless other late-nineteenth-century migrants he would work where he could. Typesetting races were shop floor celebrations of working class culture, none more so than the match that pitted Joseph McCann. He was not, however, racing for the simple prestige of the thing. Cash prizes could be enormous. Occasionally, purses totaled a thousand dollars. When New York journeymen compositors' earning at the top of their trade, made thirty bucks a week, five hundred dollars got one's attention. Stilt, most matches offered much less, anywhere from ten to fifty dollars Printers, after all, shad once raced for beer, and most of them did still. Money around such contests circulated and recycled among their betting shopmates. Often, in fact, medals or trophies sufficed.

The article presents information related to the field of sociology. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales of the National University of Mexico is publishing a series of little books under the general title, "Cuadernos de Sociologia." These compact little volumes give to North American sociologists an intimate glimpse of the thinking, teaching and research of their colleagues in Mexico. Carnegie Corp. of New York has provided $260,000 grant payable over a two-year period, to the Social Science Research Council for area training fellowships and travel grants. Carnegie continuing its support of the national area fellowship program set up by the Council in 1947. $50,000 has been granted to New York University toward support of an experiment in educational method in the Graduate Division of Public Service. Pi Lambda Theta, National Association for Women in Education, announces two awards of $400 each, to be granted on or before August 15, 1950, for significant research studies on "Professional Problems of Women." The 1950 annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society will be held on April 22 and 23 at Boston University.

The article profiles science education leader, Ephraim Laurence Palmer, who is considered to be among the first ten science education leaders in the Twentieth Century. He has been given the Thirty-Sixth Science Educational Recognition Award. He is the son of Ephraim Clark Palmer and Laura Lincoln Palmer, and was born in McGraw, New York on July 8, 1888. He grew up in Cortland, New York where his father worked as county clerk, merchant and rockribbed Republican. Dr. Palmer began his more than 40-year teaching career in an elementary school in Cortland, New York in 1907.

Focuses on the presentation of 2001 Elizabeth Haub Prize for Environmental Diplomacy to Bagher Asadi, ambassador of the Permanent Mission of Iran to the United Nations in New York. Venue of the presentation; Achievements of Asadi in the field of environmental diplomacy; Criteria selection for the candidate.

The article reports on the winners of the Art Libraries Society of North America's Travel Awards for 1989, presented during its 18th annual conference held on February 1990 in New York City. Recognition was given to the paper written by Barbara Polowy. Sheila Klos, on the other hand, qualified for the G. K. Hall Conference Attendance Award on two counts. Two other travel awards were presented to library executives.

The article focuses on an annual conference of the Society for French Historical Studies that held at Rochester University, Rochester, New York on April 8-9, 1960. Four sessions were included in the meeting devoted to papers, a business meeting, a reception for the Society by its hosts and a banquet. In the conference, Paul W. Bamford was awarded with the William Koren, Jr. Prize for his article "The Procurement of Oarsmen for French Galleys, 1660-1748." The next conference will be held in April of 1961 at Princeton University.