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This study aimed to determine the effects of heat stress on 30 Saanen goats of different ages (young, middle-aged, and old). The average temperature and humidity values during the trial were 27.82 °C and 40.65%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (SS), and temperature humidity index (THI) were found between months (P < 0.05). Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values were found to be statistically significant in the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05), with the highest in the middle-aged group obtained in June (0.65 mmol/L). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea (BUN) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all age groups, whereas creatinine values showed no significant differences between groups. Significant positive relationships were found between body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), as well as pulse rate (PR) and daily average daily milk yield (DAMY) (P < 0.01). A positive correlation was also found between the respiratory rate (SS) and pulse rate (P < 0.01). As a result, although attempts have been made to prevent the decrease in productivity with applications for animals under heat stress, the optimal strategy may be to address the source of the problem. Issues that cause heat accumulation in the body should be identified and necessary arrangements should be made in the shelter to distribute heat to ensure that animals are less affected. Shaded areas should be provided in cases of stress caused by heat. An appropriate structural arrangement for temperature, humidification, and ventilation systems, as well as the provision of abundant fresh drinking water, would also be beneficial.Highlights: Decreased milk yield is related to thyroid hormones which speed up metabolic processes by increasing enzyme activity. A significant decrease in milk yield was observed in both the young and old groups in July and August, when heat stress was most prevalent. The middle-aged group was least affected by heat stress in terms of milk yield. Changes in creatinine levels were insignificant, only determining a significant decrease in urea levels. Despite decreased feed intake, no rise in plasma NEFA was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enzootic pneumonia is an important disease complex associated with insufficient colostrum intake after birth, adverse environmental conditions, and stress. Vitamin D deficiency may be an important predisposing factor for this disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate in calves with enzootic pneumonia. Methods: A total of 30 calves, aged 3–5 months, under the same care and feeding conditions were used. Groups were formed according to Clinical Respiratory Scoring as the group with mild/moderate enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), the group with severe enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), and the healthy control group (n = 10) without any disease. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of animals in all groups on Day 0; a complete blood count was performed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Results: Although no statistical differences were observed in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between groups, statistically significant differences in blood neutrophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts were found between the groups. Monocyte counts were statistically decreased in the mild/moderate group compared with the control group. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. Erythrocyte counts were increased in the mild/moderate and severe groups compared with the control group. Vitamin D concentrations were statistically lower in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. However, no statistical differences in Vitamin D concentrations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe groups. There was a negative and significant correlation between erythrocyte counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.64, P <.0001). While erythrocyte counts increased in the severe group compared with the mild/moderate group, vitamin D concentrations decreased. Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between platelet counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.74, P <.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study determined that serum vitamin D concentrations in calves with pneumonia were lower than those in healthy calves. Detailed studies on the etiologic and prognostic importance of low vitamin D levels in calves with enzootic pneumonia may provide valuable data for prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan that causes neonatal calf diarrhea common in the world. Buparvaquone, which is known to have very positive effects on oocysts, which are the main reserve in the spread of infection, has not yet been investigated for its hemato-biochemical aspect in calves with cryptosporidiosis. In the present study, the effect of buparvaquone on renal and hepatic functions in naturally infected newborn calves with cryptosporidiosis was investigated. A group was formed for this study using only a total of ten calves (n=10) naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis. Buparvaquone 2.5 mg/kg intramuscular injection was administered as a single dose to all calves in the group. Laboratory analyses and statistical calculations of blood and serum samples taken on the specified days were made. According to the results we obtained in the study, it was observed that the renal and hepatic effects of the drug after a single dose injection of buparvaquone to calves with neonatal cryptosporidiosis remained within normal limits, similar to the methods safely applied in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood glucose level is one of the most commonly used parameters in assessing the energy metabolism in dairy cows. The presented study aimed to compare the glucose concentrations in blood samples taken from the coccygeal vein, jugular vein, and mammary vein from the same animals at the same time. Healthy Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=25) in their second and third lactation were selected for the study. The blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein, jugular vein, and V. subcutanea abdominis (mammary vein) at the same time from each animal. To analyze blood glucose, Free Style Optium Blood Glucose Test Strip (Abbott, Istanbul, TURKIYE) was used. In comparison to the blood taken from both the jugular vein and coccygeal vein, glucose levels in blood samples taken from the mammary vein were significantly low (P<0.001). As a result, the determination of glucose levels in blood samples taken from the mammary veins may cause erroneous interpretations. Therefore, the mammary vein for blood glucose must not be used as a sampling site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the differences between the healthy Holsteın-Friesian, Jersey, Simmental, and Aberdeen Angus breeds Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels at the first three weeks after calving. The blood samples were collected for analysis between 10-20 days postpartum. In this study, 80 animals were used in different regions in total. BHBA was analyzed by Ketosite®(Ketosite®, Stanbio Labrotory Inc., Boerne, TX USA). Milk fat and protein levels were immediately measured by an electronic milk analyzer (Milkoscan FT1 FOSS Industries, Denmark). Statistical analyses of the study were performed using Sigma Plot 12 (Systat Software Inc., San Lose, CA). The means of BHBA levels were compared by One Way Anova. As in Holstein cows, blood BHBA levels increased in the early lactation period and also in other breeds. The results of this study presented that serum BHBA levels were significantly higher in Holsteın-Friestein cows than in Simmental and Aberdeen Angus cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)