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Background and Aim: Chronic neuropathic pain is one of the common and debilitating problems of human societies and is a challenge in health care Valerian officinalis has been used in the treatment of pain and anxiety due to its antioxidant effects and multiple mechanisms. Also, the medicinal form of emulsion is studied to increase the bioavailability and absorption of herbal products. The present study was conducted to determine the analgesic and anti-anxiety effects of the oral emulsion of the extract and compare it with the effects of the extract in adult male rats. Methods: First, the oral emulsion of the extract was formulated with the help of similar studies and Design Expert software, and the best formulation was selected. Then, neuropathic pain was induced in the animals with the help of a sciatic nerve chronic obstructive lesion (CCI) neuropathy surgical model. The extract and emulsion were given orally (gastric gavage) to the animals for 30 days, after which behavioral tests were performed, to investigate thermal allodynia, and elevated plus maze (EPM), to investigate induced anxiety behaviors, one day before Induction of neuropathy and on days 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 21, 30 after neuropathy were investigated, and at the end, the effects of oral emulsion gavage of extract and extract on lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were investigated and compared. Results: Separate administration of valerian extract and emulsion reduced cold allodynia in all days after CCI surgery compared to the neuropathy group (P<0.05). In addition, CCI surgery caused anxiety in rats. Administration of valerian emulsion and its extract were able to significantly reduce anxiety in the behavioral test of the plusshaped elevated maze. The difference is that this reduction process started earlier with the administration of the extract emulsion (P<0.001). Also, the administration of the extract and emulsion significantly reduced the amount of malondialdehyde in the brain tissue in neuropathic rats compared to the neuropathy group (P<0.001), with the difference that the emulsion of the extract caused a greater decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde compared to the extract. Conclusion: Valerian extract and emulsion have analgesic and anti-anxiety effects. In addition, the administration of valerian emulsion in neuropathic rats has significantly more anti-anxiety and analgesic effects compared to the administration of valerian extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considering that family-based retention has beneficial effects on society, therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of communication-based enrichment education and solution-oriented education on relationship maintenance strategies was discussed. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, posttest with control group with 45-day follow-up. The statistical population was all couples applying for divorce who referred to the Pre-Divorce Counseling Center of the Deputy for Prevention of Justice located in Karaj in 1400-99. A total of 21 couples who were able to obtain a score lower than (45) in the Relationship Strategies Questionnaire using simple random sampling method were selected and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. (7 sessions of 90 minutes) and solution-oriented training (7 sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list. Repeated sampling of Ben Foroni post hoc test was used. Results: The results showed that the mentioned treatment in the post-test and follow-up stages had a significant effect on the couple's relationship maintenance strategies compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the intervention in this study can be effective in improving the relationship between couples, in this regard; it is suggested to do more research to increase external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disease. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have a high potential to regenerate the nerve lesion but have low survival. The use of artificial scaffolds to increase the survival of cells and strengthen their effects had not good results due to the lack of biologically active substances and the effects of immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The extracellular matrix of natural tissue is a good candidate to overcome these problems. The purpose of this research was using the natural adipose tissue extracellular matrix (AdECM) to enhance the regenerative effects of BMSCs in rat spinal cord injury. Methods and Materials: Extracellular matrix were extracted from rat abdominal fat tissue by physical-chemical method. Then it was converted into a hydrogel using pepsin. Bone marrow stem cells from rat femur extracted and cultured, third passage used for the experiment. One week after the creation of contusion model spinal cord lesion in rats, 10 µl of AdECM hydrogel and one million BMSCs were injected in the spinal cord lesion area. Then the animals were evaluated by behavioral tests for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, an electrophysiological examination was performed and spinal cord tissue samples were extracted, stained and histologically performed on them. Results: The findings showed that AdECM strengthens the regenerative effects of BMSCs. These effects include further reduction of histological signs of spinal cord injury, increase in GAP43 protein expression and enhancement of sensory and motor recovery in rats. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AdECM is a useful natural scaffold for efficient treatment of spinal cord injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among the most common neurological disorders is complex partial epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, which causes brain damage and neuronal death. Herbal extracts are suggested as therapeutic methods for treating epilepsy. Traditionally, lavender is used to treat neurological disorders, including epilepsy. It is the objective of this study to investigate how lavender aqueous alcoholic extract affects oxidative stress in seizures caused by kainic acid. Aqueous alcoholic extract of lavender was investigated for its impact on oxidative stress in seizures induced by kainic acid in this study. Methods and Materials: 80 white male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups in two series of one week and one month. (1) Sham control group (2) Sham group received a 400 mg/kg dose of the extract (3) The epilepsy group received kainic acid (4) The epilepsy group received 400 mg/kg lavender (5) The epilepsy group received 300 mg/kg valproic acid. We examined the effects of lavender on the oxidative stress system after kainic acid injection over the short- and long-term (one month later). Oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) were measured using special ELISA kits. Results: The injection of kainic acid in the hippocampus region led to a disturbance in the antioxidant system, so that the values of SOD, catalase and glutathione in the presence of kainic acid decreased significantly, but MDA and NO showed a significant increase during one week and one month. The results indicate that the extract has no effect in the short term, but the long-term treatment of one month has been able to prevent the reduction of SOD and catalase. Also, the increase of NO and MDA values did not respond to short-term treatment with the extract, but one-month treatment prevented the significant increase. Conclusion: Although short-term administration of lavender had no effect on epileptic seizures' disorders of the oxidative stress system, long-term administration of lavender extract was able to alleviate the epileptic symptoms associated with the oxidative stress system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]