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Aegilops speltoides (2n = 2x = 14, genome SS) is a wild relative of wheat and a donor of useful traits for wheat improvement. Several whole-genome studies compared genic regions of Aegilops from the Sitopsis section and wheat and found that Ae. speltoides is most closely related to the wheat B subgenome but is not its direct progenitor. The results showed that a B subgenome ancestor diverged from Ae. speltoides more than 4 MYA and either has not yet been discovered, or is extinct. To further explore the evolutionary relationship between wheat and Ae. speltoides and develop Ae. speltoides chromosome paints, we performed comparative analysis of repetitive fractions of the S genome and three subgenomes of hexaploid wheat. The low-coverage sequence data were analyzed with RepeatExplorer pipeline to annotate repeats and estimate their content. The LTR-retrotransposons comprised about 80% of repeats in Ae. speltoides and wheat datasets and about two-third of them were LTR/Ty3-Gypsy. Ae. speltoides had 1.5 times more LTR/Ty-Copia repeats and 1.5 times less DNA transposons than wheat subgenomes. Several S genome-specific dispersed repeats were found and annotated. Their sequences were used to develop S genome-specific paints for detecting Ae. speltoides chromatin in the wheat background using fluorescent in situ hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) positive primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) is uncommon and subsequent transformation is rare. Methods We report a patient with EBV positive PCMZL with subsequent transformation to plasmablastic lymphoma and review the literature for transformed PCMZL to assess clinical and pathologic characteristics. In the case we describe, the patient presented with multifocal PCMZL, developed large B cell transformation with plasmacytic differentiation, followed by plasmablastic transformation (PBL), and ultimately died of disease progression despite multiple lines of therapy. Past history was significant for psoriatic arthritis (multiple prior lines of immunomodulatory therapy). The lymphomas and non-involved bone marrow share the same somatic DNMT3A and TET2 mutations, suggesting clonal relatedness and an association with clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Results Eighteen cases comprised the cohort (seventeen cases from the literature and the case reported herein). Nearly half of the eighteen cases of PCMZL with transformation died of progressive disease (44%). Transformed cases were more commonly seen in patients with >2 sites at initial diagnosis. EBV was assessed in 5 patients, 3 were positive (all died of disease). Two patients with NGS studies demonstrated TET2 and DNMT3A mutations. Conclusions Transformation of EBV positive PCMZL appears to be a poor prognostic indicator, with our reported case being the first well defined case transformed to PBL, suspected to arise from myeloid-CH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent fusions drive the pathogenesis of many hematological malignancies. Compared to routine cytogenetic/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies, the RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) fusion assay enables the identification of both known and novel fusions. In many cases, these recurrent fusions are crucial for diagnosis and are associated with prognosis, relapse prediction, and therapeutic options. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of the RNA-based NGS fusion assay in hematological malignancies. Our study included 3101 cases with available fusion results, and a fusion event was identified in 17.6% of cases. The discordant rate between the RNA-based NGS fusion assay and cytogenetic/FISH studies was 36.3%. Further analysis of discordant cases indicated that, compared to cytogenetic/FISH studies, the RNA-based NGS fusion assay significantly improved the identification of cryptic fusion genes, such as NUP98::NSD1, P2RY8::CRLF2, and KMT2A fusions involving different partners. Additionally, our study identified 24 novel fusions and 16 cases with the simultaneous presence of two fusions. These additional findings from the RNA-based NGS fusion assay resulted in improved risk stratification, disease targeting and monitoring. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of an RNA-based NGS fusion assay for patients with hematological malignancies, suggesting that it may be essential for the routine clinical workup of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Immunodeficiency conditions, which are characterized by reduced immune activity that promotes the development of chronic diseases, are needed for efficient monitoring. A promising area of monitoring and early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases is the determination of metabolic biomarkers in the blood. Methods: In this work, we identified a set of lipid biomarkers of immunodeficiency states by performing high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis of blood plasma samples from mice and processing them with bioinformatics approaches. Potential biomarkers were selected through statistical analysis and further validated by MS/MS. Conclusions: As a result, 15 lipids were confirmed and selected as potential biomarkers of immunodeficiency states. The selected biomarkers can be further studied and serve as promising targets for the early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: One‐stage hydroconversion of fatty‐acid based feedstocks is a promising way to obtain high‐quality fuels. This process is based on hydrodeoxygenation, isomerization and hydrocracking reactions. In this work, Ni2P/Al2O3‐zeolite catalysts were synthesized and tested in hydroconversion of a model compound – methyl palmitate. RESULTS: Ni2P catalysts were prepared by in situ phosphidation of metallic Ni/Al2O3‐zeolite precursors by PPh3. Mixtures of zeolite (30 wt%) and boehmite were peptized and extruded to obtain the support granules. SAPO‐11, ZSM‐5, ZSM‐22, ZSM‐23 and ZSM‐12 were used as a zeolite component. The catalysts and supports were characterized by a range of physicochemical methods: chemical analysis (ICP‐AES), low‐temperature N2 adsorption, H2‐temperature programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 27Al and 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The catalysts were studied in methyl palmitate hydroconversion (one‐stage hydrodeoxygenation‐isomerization‐hydrocracking) in a continuous‐flow fixed bed reactor at 290–340 °C, 2 MPa, H2/feed = 600 Ncm3/cm3 and LHSV = 5.3 h−1. SAPO‐11 containing sample showed high selectivity to C15 and C16 iso‐alkanes (63%, at 340 °C), and all ZSM‐containing samples showed high selectivity to cracked C5–C9 products (55–100%, at 340 °C) with varying amounts of iso‐alkanes (31–57%, at 340 °C). CONCLUSION: The results show that by choosing the zeolite component of the catalyst it is possible to finely tune product quality in the range from low‐temperature diesel fuel to jet fuel or gasoline. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven-day actigraphy was performed within 1 month in 122 community-dwelling adults (mean age 24.40 y, 31 (25.4%) men) in the same city of Tyumen, Russia. Groups with different COVID-19 status (present, COVID-19(+), n = 79 vs absent, COVID-19(−), n = 43) did not differ in mean age, gender distribution, or body mass index. Vaccination status was equally represented in the COVID groups. We found that COVID-19 status, a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, was differentially associated with daylight susceptibility. Daylight exposure was estimated using parametric and non-parametric indices: 24-h Amplitude, MESOR or M10 of white and blue light exposure (BLE) and compared between the groups. Distinctively in COVID-19(+) individuals, a smaller normalized 24-h amplitude of BLE (NAbl) was associated with lower circadian robustness, assessed by a smaller relative non-parametric amplitude (RA), a lower circadian function index (CFI), later bedtime, later onset of least active 5 h (L5), shorter total sleep duration, later phase and smaller circadian amplitude of physical motor activity. Such associations were absent in the overall COVID-19(−) population or in the vaccinated COVID(−) group. Considering COVID-status and light hygiene, defined as NAbl ≥ 1 versus NAbl < 1, only those with COVID(+) and NAbl < 1 (poorer light hygiene) had a statistically significantly delayed phase of activity and sleep, reduced circadian amplitude of physical activity, and lower circadian robustness. Accounting for gender and BMI, participants diagnosed with COVID-19 at an earlier date were older and had poorer circadian light hygiene. Altogether, our data suggest that those with COVID-19 were more vulnerable to circadian disruption due to poor circadian light hygiene, manifested as phase delay, small amplitude, a less robust circadian pattern of activity, and as delayed sleep. Our data suggest that the need for optimal circadian light hygiene is greater in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly half of the currently described planctomycetes display pink, red, or orange pigmentation. Until recently, however, carotenoid biosynthesis in these bacteria remained largely unexplored. We examined the carotenogenesis and its genetic background in a novel planctomycete of the family Isosphaeraceae, Singulisphaera sp. Ch08. This bacterium changed its color from white to pink when exposed to light during cultivation. Major components of the pigment extract from strain Ch08 were derivatives of the C30 carotenoid 4,4′-diapolycopene. The genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of strain Ch08, a non-pigmented planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila MOB10T, and all described Isosphaeraceae members with determined genome sequences were analyzed. The biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids via squalene, as evidenced by the presence of hpnCDE and crtNPQO gene clusters, was encoded in genomes of all pigmented Singulisphaera, Aquisphaera, and Paludisphaera species. Non-pigmented Singulisphaera acidiphila MOB10T and Tautonia sociabilis GM2012T lacked full sets of genes required for carotenoid biosynthesis. Isosphaera pallida IS1BT and pigmented Tautonia species possessed crtB and crtI genes, enabling production of C40 carotenoids, but the key genes associated with C30 carotenoid biosynthesis were absent. Notably, some Isosphaeraceae genomes, including that of Singulisphaera sp. Ch08, harbor the putative carH gene, which is involved in B12-dependent photoregulation of carotenogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We calculated variations in the cosmic ray geomagnetic cutoff rigidity ΔRef during a complex two-stage magnetic storm on November 9–10, 2004, using calculations of particle trajectories in the model magnetic field of the magnetosphere. The response of ΔRef to changes in solar wind and magnetosphere parameters reflects the nonsmooth two-stage evolution of this storm. It is found that the curve of changing values that ΔRef take as a function of the studied parameters during the main phases of each stage of the storm does not coincide with the curve during the recovery phases, which is a sign of hysteresis. As a result, two hysteresis loops are formed, one for each stage of the storm of November 9–10, 2004. The ambiguous dependence of ΔRef values on the studied parameters, which change cyclically during the development of magnetospheric current systems and their subsequent relaxation, is responsible for the formation of the loops. The configuration of two loops similar to those characteristic of dielectric hysteresis seems to be related to the abrupt change from Bz > 0 to Bz < 0, which delimits the stages of the studied storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of biotic factors to the variation of soil carbon stock in forests of the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad oblast (Karelian Peninsula), and Bryansk oblast (Bryansk Forest Nature Reserve), formed on soil-forming rocks of light granulometric composition, is assessed. Groups of biotic predictors characterizing the vegetation and macrofauna are analyzed, and their contribution to the variation of the soil carbon stock in soil layers and horizons is estimated using the hierarchical decomposition method. It is shown that in coniferous-broad-leaved forests the relative contribution of biotic predictors to the variation of litter carbon stocks is higher, while in boreal forests, it is in the mineral layers of 0–50 cm. The most informative predictor for the OFH subhorizon of the litter and mineral horizons was the indicator of litter quality of the C : N ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a promising alternative to conventional agricultural fertilizers. The rhizosphere isolate Bacillus pumilus JN was characterized as a potential phytoprotective strain. Comparative analysis of the biocontrol properties of B. pumilus JN and its mutant by the sporulation factor gene (∆sigF) showed that the native strain formed denser biofilms and exhibited high adherence on plant root surfaces, whereas the mutation in the sporulation factor gene had a negative effect on these abilities. Both strains synthesized the phytohormone indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) at high concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first report on comparative characterization of the taxonomic diversity of microbial communities in the hydrotherms of the Baikal Region with various physicochemical conditions by molecular genetic methods. Comparative analysis of the composition of the dominant taxa revealed the differences depending on sampling site and sample type. The community of high-temperature areas with a water temperature of 55–73°С was shown to contain a high proportion of thermophilic bacteria Deinococcota, Acetothermia, Aquificota and, Armatimonadota; at temperatures below 35°С, the representatives of Bacteroidota were predominant. The members of the phyla Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were found within a wide temperature range of hydrotherms under study, which was indicative of their broad adaptive potential. In thermal and subthermal springs, the main factors determining the diversity of communities were mineralization, sodium, chloride and sulfate ion content, as well as temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanotrophic bacteria have significant potential for various biotechnological applications. Certain biotechnologies, such as single-cell protein production, require fast-growing strains capable of growth on methane or natural gas. This study reports isolation of a novel strain of Methylomonas bacteria, strain 2B, which was obtained from sediments of the mountain River Buu, Krasnodar krai, Russia. Cells were gram-negative, motile, short rods with intracytoplasmic membranes characteristic of type I methanotrophs. Colonies and liquid cultures appeared intense pink. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2B displayed 96.47–97.91% similarity to those of earlier described Methylomonas species. Complete genome sequence of strain 2B consisted of 5.1 Mb chromosome and 361 kb plasmid. Genome contained three rRNA operons and 4709 protein-coding genes. Gene clusters for both soluble and particulate methane monooxygenases were present. The G+C DNA content was 56.1%. The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of strain 2B and the closest phylogenetic relative M. koyamae Fw12E-YT was 77.6%, indicating that these bacteria represent different species of the genus Methylomonas. The biomass yield of strain 2B during fed-batch and continuous cultivations on natural gas in a bioreactor reached 7.9 ± 0.2 and 5.1 ± 0.3 g cell dry weight L–1, with a protein content of 55 and 65%, respectively. The content of carotenoids during fed-batch cultivation reached 55 μg g–1 biomass. Fast growth along with carotenoid biosynthesis make this bacterium a promising candidate for the production of single-cell protein enriched with carotenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calculations of the possible supply of carbonate matter from the dominant mollusk species per square meter of shelf seabed were performed. Small-sized bivalves with short life cycles have been shown to contribute more to specific carbonate input to sediments than long-lived large-sized species, but less to absolute carbonate input. The model is proposed for calculating inorganic carbon input by molluscs of the north-eastern Black Sea coast based on single survey data with correction based on long-term monitoring results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass-spectrometry-based assays nowadays play an essential role in biomedical research and clinical applications. There are different types of commercial mass spectrometers on the market today, and triple quadrupole (QqQ) is one of the time-honored systems. Here, we overview the main areas of QqQ applications in biomedicine and assess the current level, evolution, and trends in the use of QqQ in these areas. Relevant data were extracted from the Scopus database using the specified terms and Boolean operators defined for each field of the QqQ application. We also discuss the recent advances in QqQ and QqQ-based analytical platforms, which promote the clinical application of these systems, and explain the indicated substantial increase in triple quadrupole use in biomedicine. The number of biomedical studies utilizing QqQ increased 2–3 times this decade. Triple quadrupole is most intensively used in the field of endocrine research and testing. On the contrary, the relative rate of immunoassay utilization—a major competitor of chromatography–mass spectrometry—decreased in this area as well as its use within Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and forensic toxicology. Nowadays, the applications of high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometers in the investigated areas represent only a small fraction of the total amount of research using mass spectrometry; however, their application substantially increased during the last decade in the untargeted search for new biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of lean manufacturing principles within a workshop is considered. To analyze time losses and develop and construct a lean value stream of technological processes to minimize losses, it is proposed to use value stream mapping. Within the framework of this article, as an alternative to tracking time by a rate setter, it is proposed to use a worktable equipped with a specialized timekeeping device that can be used by the fitter when performing assembly operations in a machining workshop with the opportunity of simultaneous operational automated control of the labor intensity of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) may signify an intrinsic factor deficiency or the presence of an inhibitor of coagulation, potentially placing a patient at increased risk for bleeding. However, a contact factor (ie, factor XII, prekallikrein, and high molecular weight kininogen) deficiency, which may also cause a prolonged aPTT, is not associated with clinical bleeding. Case Report: A 71-year-old female had an isolated prolonged aPTT discovered during preoperative laboratory testing. Results of the initial coagulation tests demonstrated no deficiency of factors VIII, IX, or XI and no evidence for lupus anticoagulant or antiphospholipid antibodies. However, a mixing study test was suggestive of factor deficiency. Based on these results, contact factor activity tests were performed to identify any contact factor deficiency. The patient was determined to have a prekallikrein deficiency. Conclusion: Rare causes of isolated prolonged aPTT include contact factor deficiencies such as prekallikrein deficiency. Identification of a contact factor deficiency is clinically useful information, as it allows for a definitive assessment of bleeding risk. This case reports a rare factor deficiency and illustrates a contemporary approach to the workup of an isolated prolonged aPTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: This study was designed to assess computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), extracted from posttreatment scans in estimating pathologic treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy, and to compare treatment response estimates between CT-based radiomics and radiological response assessment by using RECIST 1.1 and CT morphologic criteria. Methods: Patients who underwent resection for CRLM from January 2003–December 2012 at a single institution were included. Patients who did not receive preoperative systemic chemotherapy, or without adequate imaging, were excluded. Imaging characteristics were evaluated based on RECIST 1.1 and CT morphologic criteria. A machine-learning model was designed with radiomic features extracted from manually segmented posttreatment CT tumoral and peritumoral regions to identify pathologic responders (≥ 50% response) versus nonresponders. Statistical analysis was performed at the tumor level. Results: Eighty-five patients (median age, 62 years; 55 women) with 95 tumors were included. None of the subjectively evaluated imaging characteristics were associated with pathologic response (p > 0.05). Inter-reader agreement was substantial for RECIST categorical response assessment (K = 0.70) and moderate for CT morphological group response (K = 0.50). In the validation cohort, the machine learning model built with radiomic features obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 and outperformed subjective RECIST assessment (AUC = 0.53, p = 0.01) and morphologic assessment (AUC = 0.56, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Radiologist assessment of oligometastatic CRLM after neoadjuvant therapy using RECIST 1.1 and CT morphologic criteria was not associated with pathologic response. In contrast, a machine-learning model based on radiomic features extracted from tumoral and peritumoral regions had high diagnostic performance in assessing responders versus nonresponders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On March 18, 2024, the seismic monitoring network in the central part of the East European Platform (EEP) registered an earthquake near Rybinsk (58.22° N, 38.52° E) with an ML (local magnitude) of 3.1 with an epicenter localized to epicenter to the long-lived Central Russian Deformation Belt, which inherits a structure and direction of dislocations of the platform basement of the craton. Tectonic seismic events were registered in the central part of the EEP in the last decade. Analysis of their epicenter locations shows they also belong to the same zone. It is concluded that the modern seismicity in the Central Russian Deformation Belt is activated. This fact has to be considered in the arrangement of infrastructure within this zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to intensify the agricultural sector to ensure the food security of the growing population of the planet against the background of depletion of natural sources of phosphorous raw materials leads to an increase in the costs of agricultural producers for phosphorus fertilizers (PFs), which increases the urgency of the problem of optimizing their doses. Based on the generalization of long-term field experiments, the economic and environmental validity of different approaches to calculating doses of PFs for cereals in the Ob region was compared. The study was conducted in 2006–2017 in long-term experiments of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences on leached medium loamy, medium humus chernozem in the central forest steppe of the Ob region (54°53′13.5″ N and 82°59′36.7″ E). Calculations were performed based on the results of observations in three crop rotations: three-full grain (fallow–wheat–wheat), in four-full grain fallow (fallow–wheat–wheat–barley), and in four-full grain fallow (fallow–wheat–wheat–wheat). The duration of the experiments was 18, 23, and 38 years, respectively. The experiments were carried out against a background of nitrogen fertilizers with a complete plant protection from harmful organisms. A high agronomic efficiency of PF application has been shown: the increase in grain yield with the use of P15–P30 averaged 0.5–1.2 t ha–1. Phosphorus removal by the grain harvest (its alienation from the field) in the control variants was ≈20 kg P2O5 ha–1 of the crop area, and it reached 30 kg ha–1 in the variants with fertilization. Its removal by aboveground biomass was 1.6 times greater and reached 48 kg/ha. The phosphorus balance in the soil in the variants of experiments without the introduction of PF was deficient (‒15...‒27 kg ha–1), its deficit was ‒11 kg ha–1 with the introduction of P15, and the balance with a dose of P30 was positive; i.e., the phosphorus intake was excessive. Two indicators were considered evidence of excess doses of PF > P30 for grain agrocenoses in the forest steppe of the Ob region: accumulation of mobile mineral phosphorus in the soil and an increase in the fraction of enzymatically available phosphorus, these pools can become a source of phosphorus losses from agrocenosis. It is concluded that the calculation of doses of phosphorus fertilizers based on the amount of phosphorus alienation by the grain harvest for the leached chernozem of the Ob region is more justified from an economic and environmental point of view in comparison with the calculation based on the amount of removal of the element by the entire aboveground (grain + straw) biomass of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic first-order methods are standard for training large-scale machine learning models. Random behavior may cause a particular run of an algorithm to result in a highly suboptimal objective value, whereas theoretical guarantees are usually proved for the expectation of the objective value. Thus, it is essential to theoretically guarantee that algorithms provide small objective residuals with high probability. Existing methods for non-smooth stochastic convex optimization have complexity bounds with the dependence on the confidence level that is either negative-power or logarithmic but under an additional assumption of sub-Gaussian (light-tailed) noise distribution that may not hold in practice. In our paper, we resolve this issue and derive the first high-probability convergence results with logarithmic dependence on the confidence level for non-smooth convex stochastic optimization problems with non-sub-Gaussian (heavy-tailed) noise. To derive our results, we propose novel stepsize rules for two stochastic methods with gradient clipping. Moreover, our analysis works for generalized smooth objectives with Hölder-continuous gradients, and for both methods, we provide an extension for strongly convex problems. Finally, our results imply that the first (accelerated) method we consider also has optimal iteration and oracle complexity in all the regimes, and the second one is optimal in the non-smooth setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Methylomarinum accommodates aerobic motile non-pigmented methanotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from marine habitats and require NaCl for growth. Until recently, this genus contained a single species, M. vadi. Here, we describe a novel Methylomarinum representative, strain Ch1-1T, obtained from the sediments of the River Chernavka at its confluence with the hypersaline Lake Elton, Russia. Strain Ch1-1T was represented by gram-negative, pink-pigmented, motile rods or ovoids, which multiplied by binary fission and possessed the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). These bacteria grew on methane within the temperature range of 5–42°C (optimum at 30–35°C) and at рH 6.3–7.5 (optimum at 6.5–6.8). Growth on methanol was inconsistent. NaCl was required for growth, which was observed in liquid media only within a NaCl concentration range of 0.5–10% (w/v). Best growth was recorded at a NaCl concentration of 3.5–4.0% (w/v). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Ch1-1T displayed 97.09–97.24% similarity to the corresponding gene fragments of described representatives of M. vadi. The genome of strain Ch1-1T was 4.8 Mb in size and contained 3 rRNA operons and about 4400 protein-coding genes, including the gene cluster pmoCAB coding for pMMO, a complete set of genes for the function of the ribulose monophosphate pathway as well as genes necessary for ectoine and sucrose biosynthesis. The DNA G+C content was 50.7 mol %. The average nucleotide identity determined for genomes of strain Ch1-1T and M. vadi IT-4T was 78.8%. Based on the number of genotypic and phenotypic differences, we propose to classify this isolate as representing a novel species of the genus Methylomarinum, M. roseum sp. nov. strain Ch1-1T (=VKM B-3852T = UQM 41855T) is the type strain of the newly proposed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by low cytotoxic lymphocytes, abundant immune-suppressive cells, and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Preclinical PDA models showed the HDAC inhibitor entinostat reduced myeloid cell immunosuppression, sensitizing tumors to ICI therapy. This phase II study combined entinostat with nivolumab (PD1 inhibitor) in patients with advanced PDA (NCT03250273). Patients received entinostat 5 mg orally once weekly for 14-day lead-in, followed by entinostat and nivolumab. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included safety, duration of response, progression free-survival and overall survival. Between November 2017 and November 2020, 27 evaluable patients were enrolled. Three showed partial responses (11% ORR, 95% CI, 2.4%-29.2%) with a median response duration of 10.2 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were, respectively, 1.89 (95% CI, 1.381-2.301) and 2.729 (95% CI, 1.841-5.622) months. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 19 patients (63%), including decreased lymphocyte count, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia. As exploratory analysis, peripheral and tumor immune profiles changes were assessed using CyTOF, mIHC, and RNA-seq. Entinostat increased dendritic cell activation and maturation. Gene expression analysis revealed an enrichment in inflammatory response pathways with combination treatment. Although the primary endpoint was not met, entinostat and nivolumab showed durable responses in a small subset of PDA patients. Myeloid cell immunomodulation supported the preclinical hypothesis, providing a basis for future combinatorial therapies to enhance clinical benefits in PDA. Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remain low and alternative combinatorial approaches are warranted. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of entinostat (histone deacetylases inhibitor) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 inhibitor) in patients with metastatic PDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two π‐extended derivatives of boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) – unsymmetrical benzo[b]‐fused BODIPY 1 and symmetrical naptho[b]‐fused BODIPY 2 – were synthesized. Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the synthesized fluorescent dyes were investigated in various organic media. Both BODIPY 1 and BODIPY 2 distinguished by bathochromically shifted absorption and emission bands compared to their non‐fused derivatives, while possessing green (526–543 nm) and red (664–708 nm) absorbance and fluorescence, respectively. Spectral characteristics of the investigated fluorescent dyes were found to be weakly depended on solvent polarizability in case of BODIPY 1 and greatly influenced by both solvent polarizability and dipolarity in case of BODIPY 2. Quantum chemical calculations were used to clarify the relationships between geometry/electronic structure and spectral properties/solvatochromic behavior of BODIPY 1 and BODIPY 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the alkylation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with dichloroethane under phase-transfer catalysis conditions was studied. Synthesis conditions were selected. The structure of 1N-(2-chloroethyl)-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole was proven by IR, 1H, 13C and 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, cultivar mixtures are being extensively used in agriculture worldwide. The current research study aimed to identify the optimal proportion of cultivars with different resistance to pathogens to reduce the severity of leaf diseases in mixed cultivars against net blotch and leaf rust of barley. Methods: Leaf rust severity was assessed using a modified Cobb scale, and net blotch severity with the E. E. Geshele scale. Disease severity was averaged from triplicate measurements on 25–30 plants. After harvest, 1000 seeds per plot were weighed. Differences were evaluated using the Fisher test (α = 0.05), and correlations via the Chaddock scale in Statistica 13.3. Results: A high degree of inverse correlation was established between the proportion of resistant cultivars and the severity by both diseases r= – 0.93/– 0.99. The optimal mixture combination of a resistant and susceptible cultivar against net blotch was recorded as 1S:4R, and leaf rust as 1S:3R and 1S:4R. Conclusion: In mixed barley crops, a strong inverse correlation was found between the proportion of resistant cultivars and disease severity (r = –0.93/–0.99). Disease severity correlated directly with humidity and temperature in spring, with an inverse correlation for net blotch in June. Using mixed cultivars enhances crop resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, making it suitable for eco-friendly farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microcirculatory bed is a crucial component of the cardiovascular system, at the level of which transcapillary metabolism occurs, which ensures the maintenance of body homeostasis. The analysis of changes in the mechanisms of microcirculation regulation depending on age is directly related to the development of predictive medicine. The aim of the work was to assess the dynamics of functional changes in microcirculation across different age groups and to identify the mechanisms of microcirculatory regulation in relation to age. The study involved volunteers (from the Semyonov town) divided into three age groups. Group 1: 18–44 years old, group 2: 45–59 years old, Group 3: 60–74 years old. The work analyzed the normalized characteristics of the rhythms of blood flow fluctuations, studied the microcirculation index, indicators of oxidative and energy metabolism on the laser diagnostic device "LAZMA ST" (LLC SPE "Lazma", Russia). The study found that there was a decrease in the amplitudes of the endothelial rhythm (Ae), neurogenic rhythm (An) and heart rate (Ac) in group 2 compared to group 1, which was accompanied by an increase in microcirculation and increased oxidative metabolism. A further increase in perfusion and index of oxidative metabolism in group 3 caused a maximum decrease in the heart rate amplitude (Ac) and an increase in the endothelial (Ae), neurogenic (An) and myogenic (Am) amplitudes compared with groups 1 and 2. Energy metabolism indicators did not change significantly between the groups. Thus, as people age there was an increase in the volume of blood entering the microcirculatory bed and an increase in oxidative metabolism, which was accompanied not only by changes in the reactivity of the cardiac component, but also an increase in the importance of local regulatory mechanisms in group 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A weekly actigraphy was conducted within a single month in 122 young adults, who were categorized into two groups: COVID(-): individuals without SARS-CoV-2 infection, n = 43; COVID(+), n = 79: individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Physical activity, wrist temperature, sleep parameters, and light exposure were compared. Higher daytime ambient light exposure (LE), blue light exposure (BLE) and ultraviolet B light exposure (UVBE) in COVID(-) group. In a multivariate model, incorporating BLE amplitude, M10 of physical activity, age, sex, BLE amplitude remained the only significant predictor of COVID-19 status (observed power = 0.701, p = 0.013). ANOVA revealed significant interactions in LE, BLE, and UVBE between COVID-19 status and time of day (LE: F = 2.040, p = 0.0025; BLE: F = 2.426, p = 0.0002; UVBE: F = 3.096, p < 0.0001), with higher values observed during office hours differing between the two groups around 3 pm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of a shared, operant definition for greenwashing has led to fragmented scholarly research, unclear guidelines for practice, inconsistent enforcement, and reactive policy frameworks; resulting in ineffective efforts to combat its growth. Using concept analysis, this research establishes a composite definition for greenwashing by identifying the constitutive attributes sourced across 79 scholarly definitions. The analysis finds six requirements necessary for identifying greenwashing: a claim on environmental performance by a private sector organization marketing a product or a service, which cannot be substantiated, made with deceptive intent, and done to establish a competitive advantage. Fulfilling these criteria warrants an accusation of greenwashing. With the aim to prevent its further spread and misuse, the article provides a diagnostic tool for separating similar but often conflated concepts from greenwashing to organize scholarly research, provide guidelines for practitioners, and support regulators' case analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric and immunocytochemical characteristics of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) from healthy animals were examined on days 2, 3, and 4 in culture. The following morphometric parameters were determined: the area of cells, cytoplasm and nuclei, as well as the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR). Cells were identified by the presence of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, GFAP and α-SMA immunostaining. It has been found that all cells contain lipid droplets and GFAP protein, which indicates the homogeneity of the culture. Some features of PSCs activation were registered already on the second day of culture, which was confirmed by the presence of α-SMA protein in the cytoplasm, while decreased proportion of lipid droplets and increased area of nuclei and cytoplasm was noted only on the fourth day of the study. The revealed features of the PSC primary culture obtained from healthy animals by the explant method should be taken into account in further studies to objectively assess the contribution of various pathological factors to the PSCs activation when studying pancreatic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The age of formation of the explosion pipes of the Chapinskii complex in the Chingasan magmatic belt in the northern part of the Yenisei Ridge is determined. U–Pb dating of zircon megacrysts from alkaline ultramafic rocks has established the values of 657.7 ± 13.4 and 647.6 ± 9.7 Ma for the Natalyinskaya pipe and Pipe no. 3, respectively. The intrusion of alkaline ultramafic explosion pipes of the Chapinskii complex corresponds to the time of manifestation of alkaline ultramafic magmatism along the southern and southwestern margin of the Siberian Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystems of the fjell fields in the Khibiny Mountains (Kola Peninsula) are investigated, including vegetation, soils, soil algae, and invertebrate fauna. We use EUNIS habitat typification (2013) to differentiate habitats. The most common habitat types include (1) crustose–lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum) rock on eluvium of base-rich, alkaline, and siliceous rocks (U5111); (2) lichen-, sedge-, and dwarf- and shrub–dominated turfs and cushions on gravelly and rocky slopes (U5112); (3) sedge-, moss-, and lichen–dominated on rubble and stony mountain plateaus and peaks (U5113); (4) biological soil crust on fine-earth and gravelly polygon edges (U5114); and (5) late snow bed moss vegetation (U5115). Soils of the fjell fields are represented by Leptosols. The content of soil organic C is very high (26–32%), despite the thin soil profile, which has no illuvial–eluvial differentiation by the content of SiO2 and R2O3. The total flora includes 176 species of plants and lichens. Soil alga flora is composed of 43 species, where green algae of Chlorophyceae prevails. Soil microarthropods are dominated by Collembola, Oribatida, and Mesostigmata, which are also typical for mountain tundra. The soil microbial activity and the diversity and abundance of soil algae and invertebrates depends on the habitat type and soil moisture, as well as on soil organic matter content and increases on wet substrates or under more complex vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of inflammation, pancreatic β cells can transdifferentiate into cells with a different phenotype. When inflammation decreases, the opposite process is possible. We studied the effect of intramuscular injection of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione sodium salt (APH) on the structural and functional characteristics of the pancreatic islets in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin-producing, glucagon-producing, and proliferating cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. After APH administration, an increase in the number of β cells, a decrease in the number of α cells and cells synthesizing both insulin and glucagon (insulin-glucagon-positive) were observed; mitotic activity of β cells did not change. It is likely that APH promotes transdifferentiation of α cells into β cells by changing the microenvironment of endocrine cells and reducing inflammation in pancreatic islets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The destructive effect of external vibrations on radio electronic equipment installed on moving objects is analyzed. The authors substantiate the relevance of digital vibration modeling aimed at long-term prediction of defect formation and development in onboard radio electronic equipment. Vibration impacts are considered from two points of view: as a factor in equipment destruction and as an information signal reporting the nature and degree of this destruction. With the increasing complexity of the equipment, the requirements for the adequacy of models and methods for estimating the modeling error are noted to increase as well. Digital modeling uses matrices that are based on the equilibrium equations of elasticity theory; these matrices are used to calculate the Lamé coefficients and to establish boundary conditions. An explicit difference scheme is obtained for the numerical solution of the system of equilibrium equations of elasticity theory. Factors affecting the modeling error are identified. The principles for calculating the vibration modeling error are formulated. The article presents and justifies the functionals linking the amplitude error of modeling to the vibration velocity in the analyzed medium and to the number of nodes of the discrete model for each projection of the vibration propagation vector. A specific numerical example shows how these functionals provide a means to solve optimization problems. The obtained results can be applied in the vibration monitoring of radio electronic equipment in order to detect latent defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allium microdictyon Prokh. is a rare, endemic species possessing good taste qualities and listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan; therefore, it is subject to anthropogenic impact (food gathering, grazing, logging, fires, etc.), which leads to a substantial reduction of its area. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for microclonal propagation of A. microdictyon. Mature seeds of A. microdictyon collected from natural habitats in the Kazakhstani Altai were used as explants. Optimization of seed sterilization methods, selection of growth regulators for inducing adventitious shoot formation and microclonal propagation, and optimization of conditions for adaptation of regenerants to ex vitro conditions were carried out. Surface sterilization of seeds with 70% EtOH and 0.01% HgCl2 is optimal for obtaining sterile and viable A. microdictyon seedlings. Sterile seedlings obtained in vitro on ½ Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 10 mg L−1 gibberellic acid and 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used as a source for obtaining micropropagation cultures. Induction of adventitious organogenesis of A. microdictyon was effective on media containing 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.5–2 mg L−1 zeatin. On these variants, leaf conglomerates consisting of abundantly overgrown thin leaves were formed. The effect of 0.2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on further development of organogenesis and formation of microbulbs in A. microdictyon was shown in comparison with IAA, NAA, and PAC. Regenerated A. microdictyon plants were adapted to ex vitro conditions and resumed growth after 16–20 weeks of relative dormancy. The developed micropropagation protocol can be used to preserve germplasm and propagate for subsequent restoration of A. microdictyon populations in natural habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acknowledging the importance of heroes in the framing of political identities and building on the expanding interdisciplinary scholarship, this paper offers a novel approach by situating the analysis of public choices of heroes within debates on social change, and, specifically, inclusion and diversity politics. Utilising an original dataset of two individual-level, nationally representative surveys of British and US adults, we demonstrate that the landscape of popular heroism in both countries is shaped by limited acceptance of traditionally under-represented groups such as women and ethnic minorities. Using rigorous testing and regression analysis, we highlight the endurance of a white male hero whose dominance is only challenged through preferences for same-sex and same-race/ethnicity hero-figures, with both trends signposting the symbolic boundaries of embracing the difference. Overall, this paper highlights a critical role of popular heroes in advancing inclusion and diversity agendas and urges for further empirical research on the socio-political functions, and gender, race-specific drivers of heroism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redox processes in the polymer film of poly-N,N′-ethylenebis(3-methoxysalicylideneimine were studied for the first time by in situ methods including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet—visible—near-infrared spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The integration of the obtained data with the results of electrochemical nanomechanical atomic force microscopy measurements allowed us to determine causes of a low electrochemical oxidative polymerization efficiency of this compound and a rapid loss of its electrochemical activity in the oxidation—reduction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the mechanisms of protection of the cell membranes and macromolecules from cold, the composition of osmolytes, membrane lipids, and their fatty acids in a submerged culture of Mucor flavus was analyzed in growth dynamics at 20 and 4°C. This micromycete is psychrotolerant, having a wide growth temperature range (from –2 to 25°C) with an optimum at 20°C. Mucor flavus has a high growth rate (15 mm/day at 20°C, 4 mm/day at 0°C). At both temperatures, phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylethanolamines were predominant in the composition of membrane lipids, while phosphatidylcholines were the minor components. The main difference in the composition of membrane lipids was the threefold lower share of sterols at 4°C. During growth under optimal conditions, the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased against the background of a slight increase in the levels of sterols, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines, while at 4°C the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased slightly and the proportion of phosphatidylcholines increased. The fatty acids composition of phospholipids during growth at 20°C did not change significantly; linoleic, oleic, linolenic, and palmitic acids were predominant. At 4°C, the proportion of palmitic acid decreased and that of oleic acid increased, while the proportion of γ-linolenic acid decreased by half while that of α-linoleic acid increased. However, these changes did not lead to a significant change in the unsaturation degree of phospholipids, which varied between 1.5 and 1.6. Trehalose and glucose were the predominant osmolytes of the cytosol; glycerol was present in minor amounts only at 4°C. At both temperatures, the amount of osmolytes reached 3% of the dry weight in the course of growth, and the proportion of trehalose reached 70%. At both temperatures, a constant composition of osmolytes and slight changes in the composition of membrane lipids and their degree of unsaturation were observed, which probably contributes to the high growth rate of the fungus over a wide temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homologous animal cell product was obtained in protocol developed for female BALB/c mice. Dendritic cell (DC) migration from the injection site into the draining lymph nodes was evaluated. The number of DC labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) in draining lymph nodes increased from 5.3% (16 h) to 13.3% (48 h) (p=0.028) with a maximum at 72 h (15.4%, p=0.003). The immunophenotype of CFSE-DC detected in murine lymph nodes corresponded to the immunophenotype of mature vaccine DCs: they expressed differentiation markers CD11c, CD80, CD83, and CD86 (p>0.05 vs initial DC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bystander behaviour in sexual violence has been investigated widely in the Global North, and especially in the US context. However, there has been a call for qualitative approaches to increase understanding of sexual violence and bystander behaviour in a wider range of countries. In the present study, we conducted focus group research to investigate sexual violence in the only public university in Guatemala, Central America. In total, 18 students (5 men) participated in one of six online focus group sessions. We employed an inductive thematic analysis, and constructed four main themes: Forms, dynamics, and consequences violence to the targets and the bystanders; Barriers to bystander action; Facilitators to bystander action; and Past bystander intervention actions. We discuss the results with a reference to the context in Guatemala, and suggest intervention approaches based for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the combined effect of kaolinite with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on mechanical, tribological, thermodynamic properties and structure of polymer composites based on polytetrafluoroethylene was investigated. Combination of SWCNTs with the composite mixture (containing kaolinite) was carried out in liquid and dry forms by ultrasonic dispersion. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the composite with 0.5 wt.% SWCNTs and 1 wt.% kaolinite in the liquid treatment was characterized by a 12% increase in the degree of crystallinity. It is shown that the introduction of complex fillers into PTFE significantly increased the wear resistance of composites by 688 times compared to the initial PTFE. Mechanical testing of the composites showed an increase in elastic modulus by 29% and 28% increase in compressive strength compared to the initial PTFE. The friction surface of the composites was investigated using IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was registered that the PCM friction surface is characterized by the formation of "scaly" structures. The IR spectra of PCM friction surfaces revealed the presence of hydroxyl groups and carboxylate anions – perfluorocarboxylic acid. It indicates the formation of a new structure on the friction surfaces of the composites with the formation of "scaly" micro-protrusions at increasing SWCNTs concentration. Keywords: polytetrafluoroethylene; single-walled carbon nanotubes; kaolinite; ultrasonic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gross anatomy laboratories frequently utilize dissection or prosection formats within medical curricula. Practical examination scores are consistent across the formats, yet these examinations assessed larger anatomical structures. In contrast, a single report noted improved scores when prosection was used in the hand and foot regions, areas that are more difficult to dissect. The incorporation of prosected donors within "Head and Neck" laboratories provided an opportunity to further characterize the impact of prosection in a structurally complex area. Retrospective analysis of 21 Head and Neck practical examination questions was completed to compare scores among cohorts that utilized dissection exclusively or incorporated prosection. Mean scores of practical examination questions were significantly higher in the prosection cohort (84.27% ± 12.69) as compared with the dissection cohort (75.59% ± 12.27) (p < 0.001). Of the 12 questions that performed better in the prosection cohort (88.42% ± 8.21), 10 items mapped to deeper anatomical regions. By comparison, eight of nine questions in the dissection cohort outperformed (88.44% ± 3.34) the prosection cohort (71.74% ± 18.11), and mapped to anatomically superficial regions. Despite the mean score increase with positional location of the questions, this effect was not statically significant across cohorts (p = 1.000), suggesting that structure accessibility in anatomically complex regions impacts performance. Student feedback cited structure preservation (71.5%) and time savings (55.8%) as advantages to prosection; however, dissection was the perceived superior and preferred laboratory format (88.6%). These data support combined prosection and dissection formats for improving student recognition of deeply positioned structures and maximizing student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]