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This analysis is framed to take care of the high heat transfer demand from various application prospects and in this context nanofluid may be in consideration because nanofluids are well-known liquids with higher heat transfer capabilities. Here, a mixed convection flow of Molybdenum disulfide-water (MoS2-H2O) nanofluid on a moving vertical plate is examined when there are chemical reactions. Nanofluid problem is investigated using Tiwari and Das model, and numerically solved by "bvp4c" method. For the considered effects in the study, overshoots in temperature profile of nanofluid are observed. Momentum and thermal layer thicknesses become thinner with suction and thicker with blowing. Temperature overshoot is higher for blowing cases. Enhanced homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions lead to rise of the concentration boundary layer's thickness. Also, magnitude of surface-drag force decays and cooling rate enhances with MoS2-H2O nanofluid mixed convection. For weaker suction and for blowing, cooling of nanofluid is faster with larger volume fraction of nanoparticles, but contrast results are obtained for greater suction. Importantly, compared to the homogeneous reaction, the heterogeneous reaction exhibits more impactful influences on flow and heat-mass transport characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconia has become widely used in dentistry due to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and esthetics. However, durable resin bonding to zirconia remains a challenge due to its inert surface chemistry. This study demonstrates an approach for tribochemical silica coating of zirconia using a silica-coated zirconia powder synthesized via sol-gel chemistry from upcycled zirconia milling waste. Systematic variation of blasting pressures and durations revealed an optimized protocol of 0.28 MPa for 10 s, achieving an exceptional resin bond strength of 39.13 MPa. Extensive materials characterization, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) elucidated the interfacial mechanisms governing adhesive performance. These techniques confirmed the uniform deposition of a nano-silica layer through mechanical embedding and heating upon particle impact. This silicatization transformed the intrinsic hydrophobicity and created reactive hydroxyl groups for subsequent silanization. Precisely controlled roughening was evidenced by atomic force microscopy, with a root mean square roughness of 676 nm for optimal coatings. X-ray diffraction confirmed silica incorporation generated some transformation from the metastable tetragonal to the monoclinic phase, however less than for an analogous commercial alumina-based powder. Realization of stronger, imperceptible ceramic modification introduces possibilities for thinner, aesthetically superior restorations. This demonstration of upcycling zirconia waste into tunable surface coatings represents a paradigm shift in sustainable materials design and unprecedented value creation from disposal debris. Insights gained can inspire scalable, broadly applicable surface engineering solutions utilizing waste streams. Highlights: Developed SiO2-coated ZrO2 particles from recycled zirconia. Optimized blasting process to achieve high resin bond strength. Confirmed nano-silica layer deposition and surface chemistry transformation. Caused less damage to zirconia compared to commercial alumina powder. Demonstrated sustainable upcycling of waste into tunable coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new triple-band antenna driven indirectly by a feed line for multiple wireless applications. The structure of this antenna is based on the creation of a set of slots and slits on the ground plane mounted on a substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. On the other hand, a 50-ohm microstrip feed line has been fixed. It is found that the proposed antenna offers a triple-band fashion with -10 dB impedance bandwidths suitable for most recent wireless applications. The first band extends from 1.6 GHz to 2.8 GHz, which covers LTE bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39 and 40), 2.4 GHz-Bluetooth, and 2.45 GHz ISM. The second band extends from 3.38 GHz to 3.6 GHz, which covers most WiMAX applications, while the third band reconciles 5.8 GHz-ITS and 2.4/5.8 GHz-WLAN. A prototype of the proposed antenna has been successfully simulated, fabricated, and measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for early coronavirus disease (COVID-19) detection, highlighting their potential to overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods such as long processing times and high costs. We analyze studies applying ML and DL to imaging, clinical, and genomic data, assessing their performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency. The review discusses the advantages, limitations, and challenges of these models, including data quality, generalizability, and ethical considerations. It also suggests future research directions for improving model efficacy, such as integrating multi-modal data and developing more interpretable models. This concise review serves as a guide for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers on the advancements and prospects of ML and DL in early COVID-19 detection, promoting further innovation and collaboration in this vital public health domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An expanding sheet problem is more relevant when the thickness of the sheet is variable and it bears frequent applications in polymer press, paper production, metallic plate cooling, etc. On the other hand, activation energy is an important phenomenon of chemical reaction in flow dynamics of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The activation energy and chemical reaction have vital applications in food preparing, the mechanism of water and oil emulsions, chemical engineering, and more. So in this project, the impacts of activation energy and binary chemical reaction on MHD two-dimensional boundary layer flow of Williamson nanofluid on an expanding surface of variable thickness embedded in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium are investigated. Using suitable transformations, the governing equations are transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Later, numerical solutions have been achieved by well-known MATLAB inbuilt function 'bvp4c'. Several vital results are explored for variations of involved physical parameters and those are presented in graphical and tabular modes. The achieved results suggest that when wall thickness parameter increases, there is a contrast in behaviors of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration if there is a condition that the shape parameter is greater than or less than unity. For the former case, the above flow properties reduce with wall thickness parameter, whereas, for the latter case, those are showing significant growth. The Brownian motion of nanoparticles causes an increase in temperature and a reduction in nanoparticle concentration, whereas due to thermophoretic force, both temperature and nanoparticle concentration rise. Due to the presence of activation energy in chemical reaction, the nanoparticle concentration enhances, while, temperature decreases(increases) near(away from) the sheet. With increasing reaction rate parameters, nanoparticle concentration diminishes, but temperature increases near the sheet. The surface drag force decreases with Williamson fluid parameter, while it increases with the magnetic parameter, inverse Darcy number, and Forchheimer parameter. On the other hand, the surface heat flux and surface mass flux are decreasing functions of Williamson fluid parameter, magnetic parameter, inverse Darcy number, and Forchheimer parameter. It also reveals that surface heat flux reduces with increasing reaction rate parameters, whereas surface mass flux increases. Finally, for the growth of activation energy parameter, initially surface heat flux rises and surface mass flux declines, but for its larger values, the quantities turn out to be constants. Also, the surface heat and mass fluxes are decreasing functions of thermophoresis parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Advances in type 1 diabetes management are enabling more to reach older ages. Frailty is known to complicate type 2 diabetes. However, frailty in people with type 1 diabetes has not been extensively researched. This review summarises the available evidence on frailty in those with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A systematic search strategy was applied to multiple databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane) including grey literature (Scopus, OAIster, OpenGrey, dissertation and thesis database). All evidence types were considered. English articles published after 2001 were eligible. For inclusion, participants must have been over 55 with type 1 diabetes. Frailty must have been clearly defined or assessed. The results were synthesised into a descriptive format to identify key themes. Results: Of 233 papers subject to full‐text review, 23 were included. Older adult diabetes research frequently does not specify the type of diabetes; 100 articles were excluded for this reason. No articles were found specifically researching frailty in older adults with type 1 diabetes. Fourteen different definitions and nine assessments of frailty were outlined. Generally, the papers supported relaxation of glucose targets and greater adoption of diabetes technology. Conclusions: This review highlights the paucity of evidence in older adults with type 1 diabetes and frailty. Consensus on standardised definitions and assessments of frailty would aid future research, which is urgently needed as more people with type 1 diabetes reach older ages. Identifying and addressing the key issues in this population is vital to support individuals through the challenges of ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of accelerated demands of advanced technologies like power station, chemical production and microelectronics, it necessitates the need of novel type of fluids with more heat transfer capability. Due to synergistic effect, ternary composite nanofluids (TCNFs) ensure better thermophysical and Rheology properties thereby acting as better suitable heat transfer fluid in wire coating, metal spinning, aerodynamics, medicine and engineering industries, etc. In view of such relevance, flow and heat transfer aspects of TCNF MWCNT + Al2O3 + TiO2 + water induced by linear and nonlinear slips over arbitrarily inclined moving thin needle are investigated in this study. Thompson and Troian nonlinear slip model is modified by developing it in polar coordinates. Quadratic thermal radiation phenomenon is adopted. Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to obtain requisite numerical solution. Major outcomes indicate that fluid velocity of TCNF whittles down with amplification of magnetic parameter due to the flow induced by either linear or nonlinear slips. Lower value of Reynolds number favoring linear slip leads to effective intensification of nondimensional temperature distributions. Surface viscous drag and heat transfer rate get ameliorated with growth in size of thin needle under the influence of both linear and nonlinear slips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Riga plate is known to create a crossing electric and magnetic field to generate a wall-parallel Lorentz force. The significance of Casson nanofluid flow past a Riga plate is observed in the sphere of engineering, such as polymer extrusion, food manufacturing, plastic films, oil reserves and geothermal manufacturing. Researchers are interested in this model because of its potential use in biological rheological models. As Casson nanofluid flows are of great interest, this study aims to investigate the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow with heat and mass transport of Casson nanofluid over a flat Riga plate. As a novelty, this study also includes the effectiveness of wall velocity slip, activation energy, nonlinear radiation, and temperature and space-dependent heat source/sink. Suitable similarity transformations have been employed to generate the dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential equations (PDEs) regulating the fluid flow problem. The transformed nonlinear boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the in-built routine "bvp4c" in MATLAB. The visual demonstrations are provided for the effects of various significant physical factors on the flow, heat and mass distributions. On the other hand, wall shear stress and rates of heat and mass transport at the surface are measured and displayed numerically in tabular form. The findings indicate that the fluid velocity in both directions slows as the velocity slip parameter increases. However, the velocity profile is escalated with the boost of modified Hartmann number. An increase in heat source parameters leads to decrease the heat transmission rate at the wall. The higher values of the radiation parameter result in a better wall heat transmission rate. Further, the rate of mass transport drops when the activation energy parameter is hiked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential medicinal applications, including cancer therapy, antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity. Manufacturing V2O5 NPs is a crucial step in developing these applications, and laser ablation in solution has proven to be a particularly successful technique. Following fabrication, colloidal solutions were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, XRD study revealed that the produced NPs had an orthorhombic phase. Based on the laser energy, nanosized vanadium pentoxide particles were created by laser irradiating a vanadium bulk submerged in a double deionized water (DDW), resulting in spherical particles with average sizes ranging from 15.4 to 33.8 nm, as shown by TEM micrographs. Conforming to the quantum size concept, the bandgap energy of V2O5 NPs is higher than that of bulk V2O5 due to the decrease in particle size. This study examined the effectiveness of V2O5 NPs against pathogenic bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus as Gram's positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as negative Gram's bacteria. Then, we evaluated anticancer activity of V2O5 NPs against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using MTT assay. The results reveal that the activity of prepared V2O5 NPs against S. aureus is greater than that of E. coli. The findings suggest that prepared NPs can act as an anti-proliferative agent against MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, the produced NPs might be exploited as a future strategy for other biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present flow problem analyzes the impact of radiative heat and mass transfer with inclined magnetic field on thermal exchange and entropy production of two immiscible nature of electrically conducting couple stress fluid in a static porous saturated conduit. In this model, the lower and upper porous regions of the rectangular channel are occupied by two different types of couple stress fluids. The static horizontal parallel plates of the porous duct are completely isothermal and the flow of immiscible fluid through the porous duct develops because of a constant pressure gradient at the entry zone of the duct. The Brinkman model is utilized in the modeling of fluid flow through porous saturated domain and Rosseland's approximation is utilized to compute the radiative thermal exchange effect on nonmiscible couple stress fluid. In this work, authors have analyzed the effect of various thermo-physical parameters such as the Hartmann number (Ha), permeability parameter (Da), Schmidt number (Sc), Soret number (Sr) and couple stress parameter ( s i , i = 1 , 2) on the entropy generation characteristics, Bejan number distribution, thermal behavior, concentration distribution and flow characteristics of immiscible couple stress fluid which passes through the porous channel. The parameters Ha, Da, s i , Sc, Sr correspond to magnetic field effect, permeability of porous media, couple stress, mass diffusion and thermal diffusion, respectively. The most significant findings of this research work are as follows: • In a porous saturated channel, the immiscible couple stress fluid velocity, entropy production number and thermal profile get enhanced on increasing the couple stress parameter. • On increasing the Hartmann number and decreasing the permeability of porous region, the thermal properties and entropy production number both decrease. • The couple stress fluid's concentration field and Bejan number distribution get decreased on enhancing Soret number Sr and Schmidt number Sc. • The entropy generation near the wall of the channel rapidly increases on increasing the Schmidt number and Soret number. The emerging finding of this research work exhibits excellent agreement with previously published work. This research work can be utilized in food processing, petroleum products and chemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation deals with the flow of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a wavy porous channel embedded in porous rocks. Fluid exchange takes place uniformly between porous rocks and the wavy channel. In this analysis, cylindrical and parallel plate wavy porous channels are considered. Consequences of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the flow inside a wavy porous channel are elucidated. The modeled equations are made dimensionless by using dimensionless quantities. Impacts of flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and friction factor are depicted through graphs. The numerical results with respect to parallel plate wavy porous channel are validated by comparing with the published results. The effectiveness of the cylindrical wavy porous channel as a heat transfer enhancement device in comparison to the parallel plate wavy porous channel is confirmed in this study. Designing devices at microlevels and understanding the heat transfer enhancement mechanism in wavy channels using the nanoparticle addition are the major outcomes from the results of this numerical investigation. The heat and mass transfer rate enhancements in the wavy porous channels are due to the higher Brownian motion in the boundary layer region and accelerated thermophoresis through thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep periodontal pockets were recruited. Responses to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. All patients received supra- and subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal. All clinical parameters and questionnaire responses were recorded again 3 months after NSPT. Clinical parameters and OHIP-14 scores for both stages of periodontitis were significantly improved 3 months after treatment. However, participants with periodontitis S3 had significantly higher total OHIP-14, physical pain, and functional limitation domains scores than periodontitis S2 cases. Baseline CAL, BOP, and the presence of PPD in anterior teeth were positively associated with increased OHIP-14 scores after NSPT. NSPT improved OHRQoL in participants with periodontitis S2 and S3. This was more pronounced in participants having periodontitis S3 than S2. Poorer OHRQoL could be anticipated in people having severe CAL, high BOP, and presence of pockets in the anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we used a pulsed laser deposition technique to embed TiO2 nanostructure on porous silicon substrates using a pulsed laser deposition process. Nanocrystalline porous silicon was synthesized using the photo-assisted electrochemical method. The study analyzed the optoelectronic characteristics of double junctions of TiO2/PS/n-Si structures as well as the PS/n-Si structure. We investigated the properties of TiO2/PS/n-Si and PS/n-Si structures, focusing on their structural, optical, and electrical features under ambient conditions. The XRD measurement indicated the formation of the anatase and rutile tetragonal phases with the preferred orientation anatase (101) plane in the prepared sample. The mean sizes of The TiO2 nanostructures deposited onto porous silicon substrates range from 45.97 to 109.23 nm. The degree of pore filling depends upon the laser fluences employed, varying from moderate to close to complete packing. The optical properties of TiO2/PS/n-Si structures showed decreasing reflectance after depositing on porous silicon. The TiO2 nanostructure produced on porous silicon exhibits five different spectra in the UV and visible range, as displayed in the room-temperature photoluminescence analysis. The current density–voltage characteristics of formed samples in dark and photoilluminated conditions are examined at room temperature. The properties of the TiO2/PS/n-Si structure enhance those of the PS/n-Si device. The highest specific detectivity of the TiO2/PS/n-Si devices is 32.45 × 1010 Jones in the visible region, while the ultraviolet region is 30.04 × 1010 Jones. The TiO2/PS/n-Si photodetectors possess an optimal relative quantum efficiency of 80.1% in the near UV region, whereas, in the visible range, the values of relative quantum efficiency are 51.8% at 531 nm and 54.5% at 634 nm. The findings reveal that formed photodetectors exhibit UV and visible light sensitivity after depositing TiO2 layers on porous silicon. However, the photodetectors produced using TiO2 nanostructures placed on porous silicon demonstrate greater sensitivity than those made from as-synthesized porous silicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is based on the effects of microrotational dynamics, microinertial effects, and temperature changes on electroosmotic peristalsis in a tapered microchannel. This has been addressed by an analytical study of heat transfer in the setting of electroosmotic peristaltic flow involving a micropolar fluid, specifically considering a symmetrically tapered channel. The Navier–Stokes equation, the Poisson–Boltzmann equation, the energy equation, and the micropolar fluid model are all included in the mathematical model. On the flow and temperature fields, a thorough parametric analysis is carried out, investigating the impacts of numerous variables, including the micropolar parameter, Prandtl number, Brinkman number, Grashof number, thermal conductivity ratio, and channel aspect ratio. The findings show that peristalsis and electroosmosis both contribute to higher heat transfer rates. Notably, the electroosmotic parameter and Brinkman number have a substantial impact on the distribution of temperature. The micropolar parameter and Brinkman number have a significant effect on the flow and temperature fields. Furthermore, electrokinetic phenomena are crucial in controlling the axial and spin velocities of the micropolar fluid. These findings have significant ramifications for the design and optimization of microfluidic devices in engineering and biomedical applications that employ the electroosmotic peristaltic flow of micropolar fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how a chemical reaction and a nonuniform heat source effect the flow of an MHD Casson nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet. By incorporating viscous dissipation, the energy equation is strengthened. Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis diffusion effects are taken place. By using the necessary similarity transformations, the governing equations for the current flow are converted into a nonlinear system. The RKF technique yields a numerical solution along with a shooting technique for the condensed system. Thereafter, to better understand the physical interpretation of flow and heat transfer, the flow-controlling parameters are shown graphically and in tabular form in the current work. Based on the present study's numerical results, a fair connection is found between this analysis and previous studies. Some of the observations are velocity profile is decreased for the effects of magnetics and stretching parameter variations and Eckert number plays a great role in the increase of temperature profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, graphene–silver (G–Ag) nanocomposite films on glass substrates were synthesized and characterized using a spray method with different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 g) of AgNO3. The films were heated to 300 °C, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the crystalline structure and morphology of the G–Ag nanocomposites, respectively. UV–visible/NIR spectrophotometry was used to determine the optical properties of the films, which showed improved transparency and conductivity due to the attachment of silver nanoparticles to the graphene sheets. The results confirmed the successful attachment of silver nanoparticles to graphene as shown by the XRD and SEM analyses, and the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AgNPs was confirmed by the absorption peak at 410–430 nm in the UV–Vis spectra. Depicts a cross section of a thin film with a thickness of approximately (500 nm). XRD analysis indicated the presence of Ag and graphene, while Raman spectroscopy showed a slight difference between the spectra of the nanocomposites and AgNPs. UV–visible spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of AgNPs on the graphene films and their surface plasmon resonance properties; the graphene–silver nanocomposite films were found to be a promising method for fabricating thin, homogeneous graphene films with improved optical properties, which could have potential applications in optoelectronics, touch screens and solar cells. It was found that the calculated figure of merit (FOM) increased with increasing Ag concentration and reached a maximum value of 0.25, indicating that the G–Ag nanocomposite films have a good balance between optical transparency and electrical conductivity. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of G–Ag nanocomposite films and their potential for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems employing an enhanced L-shape hybrid fiber amplifier (E-L-shape-HFA) are designed and simulated. Both scenarios utilize a combination of the second-order stimulated Raman scattering (SO-SRS) and a tunable optical filter (TOF) technique. One system consists of 16 channels, while the other has 23 channels. Three different frequency ranges: short band (S-band), conventional band (C-band), and long band (L-band) are covered. The integration of two techniques SO-SRS and TOF has been enhanced the system's performance to meet the tremendous development of the optical communication systems nowadays. The first scenario results achieved high average gain ( G av. ) of 35 dB and wide flat gain bandwidth of 75 nm expanded from 1520 to 1595 nm. In addition, the second scenario results achieved an ultra-wide flat gain bandwidth of 110 nm extended from 1515 to 1625 nm and G av. of 26 dB. Furthermore, a desirable average noise figure (NFav.) of 4 dB has been obtained for both scenarios at input signal power of − 25 dBm. Moreover, the system is examined and optimized at input signal power range from − 25 to 20 dBm a step of 5 dbm in terms of bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the high heat transfer demand from application prospects. Hybrid nanofluid is a well-known liquid with higher heat transfer capabilities. Here, the time-dependent flow of hybrid nanocomposite, by hybridizing the metal (Cu) and metallic oxide (Al2O3) and inserting them into water-based nanofluid, is examined. The flow takes place over the upper half of a parabolic surface. The modified Buongiorno model is used to express the physical phenomenon in mathematical equations form. The governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying certain transformations. Computation of the final equations has been done by a numerical scheme, known as the Keller-box method. The significance of dimensionless flow causing physical parameters is shown through graphs and tables. The findings reveal that among the hybrid nanofluids with two types of nanoparticles varying from 0% to 5%, a nanofluid having 5% of both nanoparticles is the one with the maximum surface drag force and heat transport rate, which are 41.8% and 22.7% higher to water, respectively. A higher amount of Al2O3 than Cu results in a suitable hybrid combination for application purposes to produce higher cooling rate with less surface drag. Also, the thickness of the surface, unsteadiness, nanoparticles suspension and power index of wall temperature enhance the heat transfer rate. Thin parabolic surfaces experience less drag and have larger boundary layer thicknesses (momentum, thermal and concentration) as compared to thicker parabolic surfaces. Also, the addition of copper slows down the hybrid fluid flow field, but alumina magnifies the mobility of hybrid fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined effects of diffusion-thermo and radiative absorption on free convective hydromagnetic heat-generating chemically reactive flow of Cu-water nanofluid past an instantaneously accelerated unlimited vertical plate nested in a porous medium are investigated. A comparative analysis is executed for both isothermal and ramped conditions. The set of transformed domain equations has been obtained using a closed form of the Laplace transform method with the help of the Heaviside step function. Graphical and tabular explanations are provided for the physical characteristics of several flow parameters affecting the problem. Graphs are generated using MATLAB computing software. Findings of the problem manifest that the diffusion-thermo parameter and the radiation absorption parameter intensify the velocity and fluid temperature in the entire fluid area. This augmentation is most prominent for copper nanoparticles. Concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles in the case of ramped conditions are less than in isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the ramped parameter amplifies the heat transfer rate while reversing the mass transfer rate. It is also established that the volume concentration of nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate. The present study is of great interest in numerous fields of industry and machine-building applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal aim of this investigation is to examine the gold and magnesium oxide hybrid nanoparticles in different physical capacities on the water-based hybrid nanofluid and elaborate on an erratic squeezing flow among both infinite plates. Melting effect and thermal radiation depict heat transfer features. Production of the Bejan number and entropy is upward. The explains the governing equations, and the standard transformation is supplied. The numerical solutions are carried out using an efficient finite element method. To analyze difference between heat transfer and its implication in industrial zone, the Nusselt number was arranged in a horizontal pattern. The results showed that a thicker thermal boundary layer increased the Eckert number and the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles. Anyhow, the heat transfer rate by Au–MgO/water was necessarily greater than the Au–water. The obtained results are excellent and vigorously oppose those that are applicable to the literature by the attached position. It was established for hybrid nanofluids to display higher entropy generation rates. The outcomes of this analysis were the consequence of the appraisal of the impact on few required form parameters in heat transfer and consequently on the expansion for industrial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, due to the fast development in multimedia applications of wireless communication systems and demands of increasing the capacity and data rates to meet the requirements of 5G mobile communication systems, new transmission techniques are needed. One of the powerful enabling tools of the 5G communication systems is the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system employing multiple antennas and utilizing the multipath fading mobile environment to increase the channel capacity without any additional bandwidth and/or transmitted power. However, because of the limited space of mobile devices, the distances between antennas are decreasing. The mutual coupling between antennas severely affects the overall performance of the MIMO system. So, isolation improvement methods are applied to reduce these influences. In this review, different isolation techniques and their features and drawbacks are presented, and the techniques for applying them in modern MIMO antenna systems are illustrated. Besides, the performance characteristics of these MIMO systems are compared. The review also contains basic concepts of the MIMO antenna system and its performance metrics. Finally, the future directions and trends for the MIMO antenna system design are discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper was written to demonstrate the value of using nanofluids for cooling high power transformers while also providing current techniques for business and academia. A numerical analysis of the improvement caused by the cooling of a high voltage transformer using nanofluids has been done. A tank with a temperature source inside and a charge of mineral oil-barium titanate nanoparticles is used to study natural-convection. This study investigates the effects of variables on the thermal efficiency of the tank, including the thermal Rayleigh number and volume fraction. The results show that quenching varies with low and high Rayleigh thermal numbers and depends on the volume percentage of used nanoparticles. The effects were illustrated in thermal transfer rate representations as functions of the thermal Rayleigh number (Rat = 103 and 106) and the solid volume particle from the nanoparticles (0% = f < 10%). The findings showed that improving the solid volume particle of the nanoparticles by 10% causes the fluid being utilized to become more effectively conductive, which improves the rate of heat transfer by roughly 10% when compared to the case of the base fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid technological advancements have created opportunities for new solutions in various industries, including healthcare. One exciting new direction in this field of innovation is the combination of skin-based technologies and augmented reality (AR). These dermatological devices allow for the continuous and non-invasive measurement of vital signs and biomarkers, enabling the real-time diagnosis of anomalies, which have applications in telemedicine, oncology, dermatology, and early diagnostics. Despite its many potential benefits, there is a substantial information vacuum regarding using flexible photonics in conjunction with augmented reality for medical purposes. This review explores the current state of dermal augmented reality and flexible optics in skin-conforming sensing platforms by examining the obstacles faced thus far, including technical hurdles, demanding clinical validation standards, and problems with user acceptance. Our main areas of interest are skills, chiroptical properties, and health platform applications, such as optogenetic pixels, spectroscopic imagers, and optical biosensors. My skin-enhanced spherical dichroism and powerful spherically polarized light enable thorough physical inspection with these augmented reality devices: diabetic tracking, skin cancer diagnosis, and cardiovascular illness: preventative medicine, namely blood pressure screening. We demonstrate how to accomplish early prevention using case studies and emergency detection. Finally, it addresses real-world obstacles that hinder fully realizing these materials' extraordinary potential in advancing proactive and preventative personalized medicine, including technical constraints, clinical validation gaps, and barriers to widespread adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data referring to the value of direct immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (IF-Paraffin) in the diagnosis of renal diseases is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether renal biopsies evaluated by routine immunofluorescence on frozen tissue (IF-Frozen) would yield adequate findings to confirm diagnoses when the IF-Paraffin technique was applied. To show immunoglobulins, complement components, and light chains, 55 native renal biopsies were subjected to IF-Paraffin and IF-Frozen staining techniques. The intensity of the staining was compared, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The IF-Paraffin technique showed a sensitivity of 89%, 81%, 86%, 30%, 71%, 60%, and 77% for IgG, IgM, IgA, C1q, C3, κ, and λ, respectively, whereas specificity was 91%, 100%, 100%, 96%, 94%, 98%, and 100%. It showed diagnostic findings in 87% of cases. Compared to cases that had both IF-Paraffin and IF-Frozen staining techniques, 43 of 55 showed either equal intensity for the diagnostic immunoglobulin/complement or a little difference. Direct immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections cannot replace immunofluorescence on frozen sections in the assessment of renal biopsies, but may be a "salvage technique" when frozen tissue is insufficient or unavailable and must be interpreted with great caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) provide a platform to identify and characterize factors that regulate the maturation of CMs. The transition from an immature foetal to an adult CM state entails coordinated regulation of the expression of genes involved in myofibril formation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) among others. Lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) specifically demethylates H3K4me1/2/3 and has emerged as potential regulators of expression of genes involved in cardiac development and mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of KDM5 in iPSC-CM maturation. Methods and results KDM5A, B, and C proteins were mainly expressed in the early post-natal stages, and their expressions were progressively downregulated in the post-natal CMs and were absent in adult hearts and CMs. In contrast, KDM5 proteins were persistently expressed in the iPSC-CMs up to 60 days after the induction of myogenic differentiation, consistent with the immaturity of these cells. Inhibition of KDM5 by KDM5-C70 -a pan-KDM5 inhibitor, induced differential expression of 2372 genes, including upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), OXPHOS, and myogenesis in the iPSC-CMs. Likewise, genome-wide profiling of H3K4me3 binding sites by the cleavage under targets and release using nuclease assay showed enriched of the H3K4me3 peaks at the promoter regions of genes encoding FAO, OXPHOS, and sarcomere proteins. Consistent with the chromatin and gene expression data, KDM5 inhibition increased the expression of multiple sarcomere proteins and enhanced myofibrillar organization. Furthermore, inhibition of KDM5 increased H3K4me3 deposits at the promoter region of the ESRRA gene and increased its RNA and protein levels. Knockdown of ESRRA in KDM5-C70-treated iPSC-CM suppressed expression of a subset of the KDM5 targets. In conjunction with changes in gene expression, KDM5 inhibition increased oxygen consumption rate and contractility in iPSC-CMs. Conclusion KDM5 inhibition enhances maturation of iPSC-CMs by epigenetically upregulating the expressions of OXPHOS, FAO, and sarcomere genes and enhancing myofibril organization and mitochondrial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This computational study was designed to examine the effect of alumina and copper on the flow of a nanofluid based on engine oil through a Darcy–Forchheimer porous media. The flow model incorporates the generalized radiative heat and mass transport rules. The Darcy–Forchheimer terms in the momentum equation and radiation term in the energy equation are integral parts of the governing nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations, which are two-dimensional partial differential equations. Under the constraint of the convective boundary, the stated PDEs are transformed into highly nonlinear versions of the ordinary differential equations. In order to solve the final ODEs, the numerical RK-45 approach is combined with the shooting methodology. Important aspects of the governing model include porosity, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), a convective boundary, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The final findings show that when the Forchheimer number increases, the velocity decreases because of the inertial effect included in the flow model. In addition, the velocity profile is improved due to the increased volume percentage of both kinds of nanoparticles. The temperature varies greatly depending on the volume fraction. A higher Biot number and the resulting convective border cause a greater heat flow than a non-convective barrier. For two particular examples, with and without MHD influence, interesting streamlines and contour graphs are produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cavity with lid-driven is greatly used in mixing, coating, and drying applications and is a substantial issue in the study of thermal performance rate and fluid field. A numerical approach is presented to study the thermal distribution and passage of fluid in a lid-driven cavity with an upper oscillating surface and an attached baffle. The walls of a cavity at the left and right were maintained at 350 and 293 K, respectively. The upper oscillating surface was equipped with a variable height to baffle to increase the convection of the three kinds of TiO, AlO, and CuO nanofluids with various of 0.4, 0.8, and 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 vol. % in volume fractions. It was found that using a baffle attached to the oscillating upper surface of the cavity will lead to improving the distribution of vorticity in the cavity and increase the stream in the cavity. Also, increasing the baffle height, oscillating velocity, and volume fraction of nanoparticles contributes to enhancing the Nusselt number values by 50% for increasing baffle height from h = 0.1 to 0.1. Also, the Nu improved by 20% for increasing oscillating velocity from w = 05 to 20 rad/s and by 12% for using AlO nanofluid instead of TiO at = 0.8 vol. %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is widely reported to be more common in people living with HIV (PLWH). Much of the data supporting this originated during the earlier HIV era. The perceived increased risk of type 2 diabetes is reflected in HIV clinical guidelines that recommend screening for diabetes in PLWH on anti‐retroviral therapy (ART). However, international HIV clinical guidelines do not agree on the best marker of glycaemia to screen for diabetes. This stems from studies that suggest HbA1c underestimates glycaemia in PLWH. Methods: Within this review we summarise the literature surrounding the association of HIV and type 2 diabetes and how this has changed over time. We also present the evidence on HbA1c discrepancy in PLWH. Conclusion: We suggest there is no basis to any international guidelines to restrict HbA1c based on HIV serostatus. We recommend, using the current evidence, that PLWH should be screened annually for diabetes in keeping with country specific guidance. Finally, we suggest future work to elucidate phenotype and natural history of type 2 diabetes in PLWH across all populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on porous silicon (PS) substrates that were prepared via photoelectrochemical etching of silicon n-type (100). The study investigated the influence of laser energy on various characteristics of the fabricated devices, including their optical, morphological, structural, electrical, and photodetector features. The X-ray diffraction results indicate a dominant broad diffraction peak at 69.14°, and the ZnO phase aligns with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph illustrates that porous silicon has a sponge-like fashion, while ZnO nanostructures have spherical grains distributed randomly and grow larger with laser energy. The optical characteristics of the manufactured samples were examined using techniques that include UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The findings indicated that decreased laser energy led to a blue shift in the energy gap. The reflectivity of the produced samples decreased after the deposition of a zinc oxide layer over porous silicon. The photoluminescence examination showed the presence of four distinct emission peaks, namely, UV, violet-blue, blue, and green, consequent to coating a ZnO layer onto the porous silicon substrate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that ZnO thin films deposited on porous silicon cause surface oxidation and produced a new peak at 455.2 cm−1 related to the Zn–O stretching band. The current density–voltage properties of the fabricated devices in the absence and presence of white light were investigated as a function of laser energy. The ZnO NPs/PS/n-Si photoreactors displayed rectifier features and had outstanding spectral responsivity from ultraviolet to near-infrared. Moreover, the fabricated photoreactor showed the most prominent external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the UV region. The results of this study are of great importance to the advancement of photodetectors and optoelectronic devices based on ZnO and porous silicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Using a dip-coating technique, this study evaluated the microshear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia surfaces coated with nanosilica and nanoalumina. Methods: Zirconia blocks (n = 56) were categorized into seven groups based on surface treatment: untreated (control), tribochemical silica coating (positive control), dip coating with pure nanosilica, pure nanoalumina, and nanosilica-nanoalumina mixtures at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 volume ratios. The coated surfaces underwent characterization using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Resin cylinders were cemented onto the treated zirconia surfaces, and microshear bond strength testing was performed. Differences in bond strength between groups were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: SEM revealed that nanosilica coatings formed island-like agglomerations, nanosilicananoalumina produced porous layers, and nanoalumina formed a dense cover layer. XRD detected only the tetragonal phase in coated zirconia, indicating no phase transformation compared to tribochemical silica coating. Microshear bond strength was higher for all coating groups than for controls (p < 0.05). The 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina demonstrated greater bond strength than other ratios. Conclusion: Dip-coating proved effective in enhancing resin-zirconia bonding without causing surface damage. Among the various ratios, the 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina mixture exhibited optimal bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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