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Background: Bangladesh is one among the few countries of the world that provides free medical services at the community level through various public health facilities. It is now evident that, clients' perceived quality of services and their expectations of service standards affect health service utilization to a great extent. The aim of the study was to develop and validate the measures for perception and satisfaction of primary health care quality in Bangladesh context and to identify their aspects on the utilization status of the Community Clinic services.Methods: This mixed method cross sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2012, in the catchment area of 12 community clinics. Since most of the outcome indicators focus mainly on women and children, women having children less than 2 years of age were randomly assigned and interviewed for the study purpose. Data were collected through FGD, Key informants interview and a pretested semi- structured questionnaire.Results: About 95 % of the respondents were Muslims and 5 % were Hindus. The average age of the respondents was 23.38 (SD 4.15) and almost all of them are home makers. The average monthly expenditure of their family was 95US $ (SD 32US$). At the beginning of the study, two psychometric research instruments; 24 items perceived quality of primary care services PQPCS scale (chronbach's α = .89) and 22 items community clinic service satisfaction CCSS scale (chronbach's α = .97), were constructed and validated. This study showed less educated, poor, landless mothers utilized the community clinic services more than their educated and wealthier counterpart. Women who lived in their own residence used the community clinic services more frequently than those who lived in a rental house. Perceptions concerning skill and competence of the health care provider and satisfaction indicating interpersonal communication and attitude of the care provider were important predictors for community clinic service utilization. Perception related to the quality of management, administration, physical environment of the service point and satisfaction addressing health promotion and women health issues played significant role on community clinic's services utilization.Conclusions: Besides parental education and income, client's perception and satisfaction played significant role in community clinic service utilization. Provider's perception of service quality should be studied. The study findings will enable policy-makers to improve quality of primary health care services, realizing providers' and patients' ideas of community clinic service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a study of UVC photonics integrated circuit consisting of monolithically integrated AlxGa1−xN multiple quantum wells based light-emitting diodes, detectors and channel waveguides on sapphire substrates. The waveguide stack consisted of a 1.5 μm thick n-Al0.65Ga0.35N waveguide over an AlN (3.5 μm thick) clad layer. Using the integrated devices, we estimated the multi-mode ridge waveguide losses to be 23 cm−1 at λemission ∼ 280 nm. We also measured that approximately 80% of the guided light was confined in the n+-Al0.65Ga0.35N layer, 7% in the underlying AlN cladding and the remaining 13% in the double-side polished sapphire substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on Al0.65Ga0.35N/Al0.4Ga0.6N metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction field-effect transistor (MOSHFET) with high-k ZrO2 gate-dielectric deposited using atomic layer deposition process. As extracted from frequency dependent capacitance–voltage (CV) characteristics, the oxide gates resulted in an interfacial state trap density of ∼2 × 1012 cm−2. A comparative study, on the same material, shows the gate-leakage current of the ZrO2 MOSHFETs to be lower by five orders; their ON/OFF current ratio (∼107) to be higher by about four orders and their threshold voltage to decrease (less negative) by 3.5 V with respect to the Schottky gate devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first study of current collapse in ultra-wide bandgap high-Al AlGaN channel heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) using short-pulse biasing. Our results show that, under applied pulsed gate and drain voltages, the current collapse results from increased resistance of the source- gate and gate-drain regions but not from the channel under the gate. We also show that passivation of access regions of the high-Al channel HFET with SiNx results in significant reduction in current collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]