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Purpose: To study the outcomes of balloon dacryoplasty (BD) or (BDCP) in children with persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (pCNLDO) by using new and reused balloon catheters. Methods: Our retrospective analysis focused on managing pCNLDO by using the BD or BDCP technique. The study included children aged >1 year to <12 years who underwent single or multiple probings before. Our specific lacrimal workup included a detailed history and examination, as published earlier. We used conventional, straight, 2 mm × 13 mm/3 mm × 15 mm lacrimal balloons (FCI, Ophthacath). We have described a technique to use the same catheter for three BD procedures (1 new + 2 reuse). The outcomes were categorized as complete success, partial success, and failure. The minimum follow‑up of each child was 6 months. Results: We analyzed 64 children (89 eyes) with a mean age of 58 months (15–132 months). All children (100%) had epiphora with discharge and positive FDDT. All children underwent BD under general anesthesia – new balloons in 59 eyes and reused balloons in 30 eyes. The balloons were plasma sterilized akin to vitrectomy cutters and tubings of phaco machines. We noted three leaks from reused balloons (2 from the balloon tip and 1 from the plastic hub). At a mean follow‑up of 14.5 months, complete success was noted in 77 eyes (86.5%) (52 new and 25 reuse), while 8 eyes had partial success (8.9%) (4 new and 4 reuse). Failure of BD was noted in four eyes (4.5%) (3 new and 1 reuse). None had significant complications with new or reused balloons. Conclusion: BD or BDCP is a quick, safe, easy, and effective procedure that resolves pCNLDO symptoms satisfactorily. Carefully reusing a conventional balloon catheter is possible with comparable efficacy and no additional complications in pCNLDO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavernous hemangioma, currently known as "cavernous venous malformation," is a common, benign, noninfiltrative, slowly progressive vascular malformation of the orbit presenting in adults. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with a painless palpable mass over the right upper eyelid of 7 years' duration. A computed tomography scan of the orbits revealed a heterogeneously enhancing, well-circum-scribed mass in the right upper eyelid with no orbital extension. A transcutaneous excisional biopsy with histopathology disclosed cavernous venous malformation. The majority of cavernous venous malformations are intraconal and present in the fourth to fifth decade of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare differences in choriocapillaris flow deficit (CC FD) in multifocal choroiditis (MFC) between two treatment arms using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, patients were randomized to either Group 1 which received standard tapering dose of oral corticosteroids, or Group 2 which received additional dexamethasone implant (or intravitreal methotrexate). The patients were followed-up until 12 weeks using OCTA and other imaging tools. CC FD and visual acuity between the two groups were compared at each visit. Results: Twenty-five subjects (17 males; 25 eyes) were studied (11 eyes in Group 1). There were no differences between the visual acuity or CC FD (1.12 versus 1.08 mm2; p = 0.86) at baseline between the groups. However, patients in Group 2 achieved better visual acuity (0.32 ± 0.23 versus 0.15 ± 0.11; p = 0.025) and CC FD (0.54 versus 0.15 mm2; p = 0.008) at 12 weeks. Conclusions: OCTA is a useful tool in monitoring the CC FD recovery after treatment in MFC. Patients receiving intravitreal corticosteroid/methotrexate in addition to systemic corticosteroid showed greater resolution of CC FD on OCTA compared to those receiving only oral corticosteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poonam et al., in their retrospective study, highlighted male gender, hyperthyroidism, and smoking as risk factors of developing dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) over four years. Fortunately, the occurrence of DON is noted only in 5%-7% of TED cases.[[2]] The diagnosis of established DON is majorly clinical, but the diagnosis of subclinical DON may need detailed ophthalmic examination and imaging. The patients with subclinical DON have shown significantly lower vessel densities as compared to normal individuals.[[2]],[[5]] Intravenous steroids and orbital decompression surgery remain the mainstay of treatment in DON patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent retrospective, single-center study from India, including a large sample size (87,144 eyes), compared postcataract surgery endophthalmitis rates among eyes undergoing syringing (48,071 eyes) or ROPLAS (39,073 eyes) test before cataract surgery.[[4]] They found that the rates of post-cataract endophthalmitis (PCE) were comparable among the eyes undergoing either syringing test or ROPLAS before cataract surgery. However, in a patient with negative ROPLaS, lacrimal irrigation should be performed before any intraocular procedure to avoid the most-dreaded complication of endophthalmitis due to a treatable cause - NLDO. However, when the safety of a vision-restoring surgical procedure (elective cataract surgery) is in question, more details in the ophthalmic examination will add to the safety value. [Extracted from the article]