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The present study examines the phenomenon of compensative and compulsive buying in a developing consumer society such as Poland. Firstly, the obtained empirical data make it possible to estimate the prevalence of compensative and compulsive buying among Poles married or in stable relationships. Secondly, the conducted analysis shows to what extent the prevalence is differentiated by individual (self-esteem), cultural (materialism), and sociodemographic conditions (gender, age). The findings come from a survey conducted in 2017 based on a nationwide statistically representative sample of 1,121 Poles married or in a stable relationship aged 18 years old and over. Drawing on this survey based on the German Compulsive Buying Indicator (GCBI), the prevalence of compulsive buying is observed at about 3%. Like in other countries, it turns out that gender, age, self-esteem, and materialism differentiate the extent of susceptibility to compensative and compulsive buying in Poland, too. The direction of the correlations is coherent with the findings in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a highly beneficial role of water soluble arabinoxylans, the information about the effect of their addition on the properties of rye dough is lacking. The aim of this study was to check the influence of their modification methods and properties on water binding capacity of rye flour and suggest some possible explanations for the action of various fractions of arabinoxylans. Three modifications of isolated arabinoxylans were carried out: enzymatic hydrolysis, cross-linking, and combination of both. The preparations used as additives differed in molecular characteristics of arabinoxylans, as well as their rheological behavior. The addition of all preparations at 1 and 2% levels to rye flour types 720 and 1,150 resulted in an increase of water absorption. The high water absorption of the two rye flour types with the same amount of arabinoxylan preparations was mainly related to structural properties of arabinoxylans, such as molecular mass and substitution ratio. Structural properties were responsible for rheological behavior of the samples, which allow prediction of the final water absorption of rye flour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete slip of the cartilage of the inferior angle of the scapula was diagnosed in a 5-year-old boy who fell inside a wooden construction at a kindergarten playground. Radiographs of the scapula were normal, and ultrasound demonstrated complete cartilage detachment, which was displaced deep and laterally. Computed tomography (CT) additionally demonstrated a thin rim of bone displaced along with the detached cartilage. Radiologic findings were confirmed during surgery. We report what we believe to be the first published case of traumatic detachment of the cartilaginous lower angle of the scapula in a child demonstrated by ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low heritability of meat quality traits and the lack of their systematic registration in breeding programs have encouraged the search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within genes coding the proteins involved in muscle and fat metabolism. In this report, a panel of 52 SNPs was used to find which alleles and genotypes are more/less frequent in groups of pigs differentiated by extreme value of glycolytic potential (GP) and drip loss (DL). The analysis was carried out in 52 fatteners (chosen from 246 pigs), of which 28 were Landrace and 27 Landrace × Yorkshire. Two designs were performed: I, fatteners were divided into two groups showing extreme value of GP (<125 versus >145), II, fatteners were divided into two groups showing extreme value of DL (<6.0 versus >6.0). Allele frequency differences between the phenotypic groups of extreme GL or DL were not influenced by the breed. The frequency of 52 SNPs alleles for each of group was calculated and a chi-squared test was used to estimate the significance of differences in allele frequencies between alternative groups in each experimental design. Three SNPs ( DECR1, PPARGC1, MC4R) and another two ( CYP21, SFRS1) showed significant differences between groups of extreme GP and DL, respectively. To exemplify and validate potential associations of candidate SNPs for GP and DL, 293 fatteners representing three commercial breeds/crosses (95 Landrace, 66 Landrace × Yorkshire and 132 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc were genotyped for DECR1 and CYP21 by PCR-RFLP assays. DECR1 showed significant associations with GP in Landrace and Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc fatteners. CYP21 showed significant associations with DL in all breeds/crosses. Interestingly, the CYP21 polymorphism revealed adverse associations trend in Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc pigs in comparison to Landrace and Landrace × Yorkshire fatteners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]