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The objective is to describe a rare case of bilateral Choanal atresia (CA). It is a congenital deformity of posterior nares where both nares are not patent at all or stenosed. While unilateral CA can remain unidentified for years, bilateral CA is typically detectable immediately after birth in neonates who prefer to breathe via their nose until they are four months old. An 18 days old male patient was admitted to the male surgery ward with complaints of respiratory distress and not taking feed for 2 days. The patient has been hospitalized after birth in a railway hospital and referred to a pediatric surgeon and he was diagnosed as a case of bilateral CA. During surgery, posterior nares were perforated, and dilated and stenting of posterior nares was performed with infant feeding tube no.8 with the help of a guide wire. Bilateral CA is a medical emergency that needs to be treated in newborns as early as possible. CT scan of the skull base and paranasal sinus can be helpful as a diagnostic tool in detecting the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to describe a rare case of bilateral Choanal atresia (CA). It is a congenital deformity of posterior nares where both nares are not patent at all or stenosed. While unilateral CA can remain unidentified for years, bilateral CA is typically detectable immediately after birth in neonates who prefer to breathe via their nose until they are four months old. An 18 days old male patient was admitted to the male surgery ward with complaints of respiratory distress and not taking feed for 2 days. The patient has been hospitalized after birth in a railway hospital and referred to a pediatric surgeon and he was diagnosed as a case of bilateral CA. During surgery, posterior nares were perforated, and dilated and stenting of posterior nares was performed with infant feeding tube no.8 with the help of a guide wire. Bilateral CA is a medical emergency that needs to be treated in newborns as early as possible. CT scan of the skull base and paranasal sinus can be helpful as a diagnostic tool in detecting the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objectives of this study are to develop two signalized-based roundabouts entry capacity model by employing regression-based multiple non-linear regression model (MNLR) and artificial intelligence-based age-layered population structure genetic programming (ALPS GP) model under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Based on the modified rank index (MRI) values, the ALPS GP model is found to be most suitable model under heterogeneous traffic conditions. However, in a practical point of view, MNLR-based signalized model is recommended for determining roundabout entry capacity under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Sensitivity analysis reports that weaving length is the prime variable and sharing about 27.72 % in the MNLR-based signalized roundabout entry capacity model. These findings will be useful for traffic planners and designers in the capacity estimation of signalized roundabouts under heterogeneous traffic conditions in developing countries with similar traffic characteristics as India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Globally the prevalence of both hypertension and pre-hypertension are increasing and pre-hypertension has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and pre-hypertension and associated covariates among adults of rural and urban area of Puducherry. Material and Methods A population based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practices area of Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute without intervention. Results Among 856 participants, 27.6 percent were hypertensive and 57 percent pre-hypertensive; the magnitude of both stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension increased with the age. Of the hypertensives, 26.3 and 28.7 percent were from rural and urban area respectively, whereas in pre-hypertension the corresponding figures were 61 and 53.4 percent. Significantly increased risk of hypertension was noted among adults with increasing age, having less than six members in the family, suffering from obesity (general and abdominal obesity) and living sedentary life. On the other hand, the probability of having increased risk of pre-hypertension was significantly higher among adults living in the rural areas, having non-vegetarian dietary habit, suffering from obesity (general and abdominal obesity), living sedentary life and having family history of hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression however showed significant correlation of hypertension with increasing age, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco addiction and obesity (general and central). Significant correlates of pre-hypertensive were rural residence, sedentary living habits, family history of hypertension, tobacco addiction and obesity (general and central). Conclusion The present findings show high prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among population of Puducherry in South India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistically based experimental design was employed for the optimization of fermentation conditions for maximum production of enzyme tannase from Aspergillus niger. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) falling under response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Based on the results of ‘one-at-a-time’ approach in submerged fermentation, the most influencing factors for tannase production from A. niger were concentrations of tannic acid and sodium nitrate, agitation rate and incubation period. Hence, to achieve the maximum yield of tannase, interaction of these factors was studied at optimum production pH of 5.0 by RSM. The optimum values of parameters obtained through RSM were 5% tannic acid, 0.8% sodium nitrate, 5.0 pH, 5 × 107 spores/50mL inoculum density, 150 rpm agitation and incubation period of 48 h which resulted in production of 19.7 UmL−1 of the enzyme. This activity was almost double as compared to the amount obtained by ‘one-at-a-time’ approach (9.8 UmL−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Development and optimization of an efficient and inexpensive medium for succinic acid production by Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions. Methods and Results: Initially, 0·8 gl−1 of succinic acid was produced in 60 h in 300-ml medium. On optimization, glucose and peptone were replaced by cane molasses and corn steep liquor. Three hundred ml of this medium was inoculated with 4% (v/v) of seed inoculum, incubated at 39°C for 72 h, resulted in 7·1 gl−1 of succinic acid in 36 h. Scale up in a 10-l fermentor under conditions of controlled pH and continuous CO2 supply in this medium resulted in 17 gl−1 of succinic acid in 30 h. Conclusions: A ninefold increase in succinic acid production was obtained in 500-ml anaerobic bottles with optimized medium having cane molasses and corn steep liquor as against initial medium containing glucose and peptone. However, a subsequent scale up in a 10-l fermentor resulted in a 2·5-fold increase in succinic acid production as against optimized medium used in 500-ml anaerobic bottles. Significance and Impact of the Study: Succinic acid production was enhanced in medium consisting of inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources in a shorter span of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric teratoma, a very rare tumor of infancy is essentially benign. Immature (embryonic) elements have been described in only three of the sixty-six cases described previously. This report concerns with one "immature" gastric teratoma seen in infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-nine strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 26 strains of micrococci isolated from human eyes were classified by the Baird-Parker system of 1966. The staphylococci belonged to subgroups II, III, IV, and V with one strain each in subgroups III and IV. However, when biotyped by Baird-Parker's system of 1974, less than 50% (23/49) of strains were typable and they belonged to biotypes 1 and 2. With our proposed modified classification all strains could be classified into biotypes 1, 2, and 3. All the 26 strains of micrococci belonged to subgroup VII. Staphylococci isolated from diverse sources produced, qualitatively and quantitatively, different corneal pathology in rabbits when compared to those isolated from healthy conjunctiva. This bore no relation to the present system of subtyping based on biochemical reactions. Micrococci were incapable of producing experimental corneal lesions in the rabbit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cochleovestibular dysfunction in the patients having chronic renal failure is being recognised more frequently with hemodialysis and renal transplants. A high frequency hearing loss of the endorgan type was recorded. A significant correlation between the severity of the hearing loss and the serum sodium levels was established in these patients. The Cochleovestibular symptoms improved with the correction of hyponatremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agenesis of the cranial bones, a rare condition usually incompatible with life, was seen in a neonate. Embryogenesis and management of the condition are discussed. The defect heals with conservative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five patients with bilateral choanal atresia were treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, India. 3 had bony and 2 membranous atresia. All the cases presented soon after birth. The diagnosis was confirmed by non-passage of a feeding tube into the nasopharynx and by dye study. All of them were subjected to a simple surgical procedure transnasally with satisfactory out come. Stress is given on transnasal procedure because of its simplicity, shorter operative time, low complication rate with lesser chance of damaging the developing structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of scaphoid megalourethra associated with the posterior urethral valves was seen in a 4-year-old male. The embryology of the anomaly and its management are discussed with a review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unusual case of intussusception is reported in which two parallel loops of small intestine had intussuscepted into a third distal loop. The similarity to Maydl's hernia led to the term 'intussusception en W.' Review of the available literature failed to reveal any previous report of such a case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]