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Background: The present study aimed to estimate the additive interaction of family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes among individuals aged 45 years and above in India. The coexistence of these two exposures may act synergistically on the risk of diabetes, leading to adverse health outcomes. Methods: The study utilized the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018). The total sample size for the current study was 58,612 individuals aged 45 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine the individual and joint effect of a family history of diabetes with hypertension on diabetes. An additive model was applied to assess the interaction effect of the family medical history of diabetes with hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes by calculating three different measures of additive interaction such as the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attribution proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Results: The prevalence of diabetes was three times higher among individuals with family history of diabetes (27.8% vs. 9.2%) than those without family history. Individuals with family history of diabetes (AOR: 2.47, CI: 2.11 2.89) had 2.47 times higher odds of having diabetes than those without family history. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among individuals with hypertension and family history of diabetes (46.6%, 95% CI: 39.7–53.6) than those without the coexistence of family history of diabetes and hypertension (9.9%, 95% CI: 9.5–10.4), individuals with hypertension and without a family history of diabetes (22.7%, 95% CI: 21.2–24.2), and individuals with family history of diabetes and without hypertension (16.5%, 95% CI: 14.5–18.7). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the joint effect between family medical history of diabetes and hypertension on diabetes was 9.28 (95% CI: 7.51–11.46). In the adjusted model, the RERI, AP, and S for diabetes were 3.5 (95% CI: 1.52–5.47), 37% (0.37; 95% CI: 0.22–0.51), and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.31–2.18) respectively, which indicates that there is a significant positive interaction between family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes. The study findings on interaction effects further demonstrate consistent results for two models of hypertension (self-reported hypertension and hypertensive individuals receiving medication) even after adjustment with potential confounding factors on diabetes (self-reported diabetes and individuals with diabetes receiving medication). Conclusions: The study findings strongly suggest that the interaction of family history of diabetes with hypertension has a positive and significant effect on the risk of diabetes even after adjustment with potential confounding factors. Furthermore, the findings indicate a synergistic effect, emphasizing the importance of considering both family medical history of diabetes and hypertension when assessing diabetes risk and designing preventive strategies or interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study aimed to estimate the additive interaction of family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes among individuals aged 45 years and above in India. The coexistence of these two exposures may act synergistically on the risk of diabetes, leading to adverse health outcomes. Methods: The study utilized the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018). The total sample size for the current study was 58,612 individuals aged 45 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine the individual and joint effect of a family history of diabetes with hypertension on diabetes. An additive model was applied to assess the interaction effect of the family medical history of diabetes with hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes by calculating three different measures of additive interaction such as the relative excess risk ratio (RERI), attribution proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Results: The prevalence of diabetes was three times higher among individuals with family history of diabetes (27.8% vs. 9.2%) than those without family history. Individuals with family history of diabetes (AOR: 2.47, CI: 2.11 2.89) had 2.47 times higher odds of having diabetes than those without family history. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among individuals with hypertension and family history of diabetes (46.6%, 95% CI: 39.7–53.6) than those without the coexistence of family history of diabetes and hypertension (9.9%, 95% CI: 9.5–10.4), individuals with hypertension and without a family history of diabetes (22.7%, 95% CI: 21.2–24.2), and individuals with family history of diabetes and without hypertension (16.5%, 95% CI: 14.5–18.7). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the joint effect between family medical history of diabetes and hypertension on diabetes was 9.28 (95% CI: 7.51–11.46). In the adjusted model, the RERI, AP, and S for diabetes were 3.5 (95% CI: 1.52–5.47), 37% (0.37; 95% CI: 0.22–0.51), and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.31–2.18) respectively, which indicates that there is a significant positive interaction between family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes. The study findings on interaction effects further demonstrate consistent results for two models of hypertension (self-reported hypertension and hypertensive individuals receiving medication) even after adjustment with potential confounding factors on diabetes (self-reported diabetes and individuals with diabetes receiving medication). Conclusions: The study findings strongly suggest that the interaction of family history of diabetes with hypertension has a positive and significant effect on the risk of diabetes even after adjustment with potential confounding factors. Furthermore, the findings indicate a synergistic effect, emphasizing the importance of considering both family medical history of diabetes and hypertension when assessing diabetes risk and designing preventive strategies or interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A major societal trend of the twenty-first century is the rapidly ageing population as a consequence of the decline in fertility and increase in life expectancy. Along with the rise in ageing population, the burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases is also equally rising. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential gender-specific determinants of overweight and obesity among older adults in India. Subjects and methods: The present study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017–18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate chi-square test, and logistic regression estimation were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been classified in this study according to the WHO criteria. Results: The prevalence of overweight was higher among women (18.15% in rural areas and 46.62% in urban areas) compared to men (12.9% in rural areas and 30.61% in urban areas). Similarly, obesity was higher among women than men who were residing in urban areas (17.07% vs. 5.37%), had secondary or above education (32.38% vs. 6.1%) belonged to richest strata (16.37% vs. 4.50%), or had mobility impairment (9.2% vs. 2.8%). Despite adjustment for several confounders, women were more likely to be overweight (OR: 2.18; CI: 1.86, 2.55) and obese (OR: 3.79; CI: 2.86, 5.03) than men. However, among both the elderly men and women, those who were highly educated were 2.29 times (OR: 2.29; CI: 1.80, 4.11) and 2.71 times (OR: 2.71; CI: 1.78, 4.11), respectively more likely to be overweight than their illiterate counterparts. Older adults living in urban areas were more likely to suffer from obesity compared to rural men (OR: 1.47; CI: 1.07, 2.02) and women (OR: 2.58; CI: 1.85, 3.60). Both men and women, who were highly educated were 2.64 times (OR: 2.64; CI: 1.71, 4.09) and 2.94 times (OR: 2.94; CI: 1.40, 6.20), respectively, more likely to be obese than their illiterate counterparts. Older men and women who were richest (OR: 1.60; CI: 1.19, 2.14 & OR: 2.12; CI: 1.63,2.76), or had mobility impairment (OR: 1.33; CI: 1.09,1.61 & OR: 1.72; CI: 1.42,2.08) were more likely to be overweight than their counterparts who were poorest or did not have any mobility limitation, respectively. Conclusions: This study found increased vulnerability of overweight and obesity among older women than men irrespective of their socioeconomic, demographic, and health status. The present study suggests that introducing preventative measures such as campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of overweight and obesity. Finally, the findings are important for better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to maintain a healthy body in order to lower the prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Area Development & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A common challenge shared across cities of the Global South is the seemingly impossible task of drawing a consensus on the right interventions and regulatory framework for street hawkers. This impediment, for many countries, originates from not only the pervasive nature of how this sector is characterized, but also the fluidity associated with their perceptions among urban planners and policy makers. This study highlights that while urban planners and state authorities perceive street hawking as a nuisance and try to forcefully evict them from spaces they occupy, some enterprises have modified traditional street hawking to develop what we term "corporate street hawking" in Accra, Ghana. This article presents findings drawing upon semistructured interviews with 47 street hawkers in Accra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying people with early and late onset of chronic conditions might help target the subpopulations that are more vulnerable to negative mental, physical and functional health outcomes. The current study aimed to examine the association of early and late onset of chronic single and multiple morbidities with self-perceived physical and mental health, functional limitations and physical inactivity among older Indian adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018). The total sample size for the present study was 31,386 older adults age 60 years or older. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the association between the outcomes (poor perceived physical/mental health, functional difficulty and physical inactivity) and explanatory variables (early [ = < 50 years of age] and late [> 50 years]) onset of chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, heart disease, stroke, cancer, lung disease, arthritis, osteoporosis and psychiatric disease). Results: Overall, 24.21% of the sample population had poor self-perceived physical health, whereas 8.67% of participants had poor self-perceived mental health. The prevalence of difficulty in ADL, difficulty in IADL, and physical inactivity was 23.77%, 48.36%, and 68.9%, respectively. Odds of poor perceived mental health were higher for the respondents with early as well as late onset of hypertension, stroke, and arthritis; while individuals with late onset of diabetes, and heart disease had higher odds of poor perceived mental health than those without chronic disease. Individuals with early onset of single morbidity were more likely to report ADL difficulty (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.33, confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.67); while those with late onset of single (AOR: 1.34, CI: 1.17–1.53) and multimorbidity (AOR: 1.91, CI: 1.63–2.24) were more likely to report ADL difficulty compared with individuals without morbidity. Individuals with early as well as late-onset of multimorbidity had more than two times higher odds of reporting poor physical health, poor mental health and IADL difficulty compared with individuals without chronic disease. Conclusions: The present study revealed that early and/or late onset of chronic single and/or multiple morbidities significantly predicted poor self-perceived physical and mental health, functional limitations and physical inactivity among older Indian adults. The findings further suggest that late onset of chronic diseases such as cancer and stroke and multi-morbidity had stronger associations with physical inactivity that may help identify high risk groups for screening and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Several studies have examined the phenomenon of "death clustering," in which two or more children born to the same mother or from the same family die at an early age. Therefore, a scientific examination of the results is essential to understand how the survival status of the older siblings affects the survival of the younger siblings. By using meta‐analysis, this study aims to provide a quantitative synthesis of the results of studies on "child death clustering" in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Methods: This study followed the PRISMA‐P 2015 guidelines. We used four electronic databases—PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar with search and citation analysis capabilities. Initially, 140 studies were identified, but only 27 met the eligibility criteria eventually. These were studies that had used the death of a previous child as a covariate to determine the survival status of the index child. The heterogeneity and the publication bias of the studies were examined using the Cochran test, I2 statistic, and Egger's meta‐regression test. Results: The pooled estimate of 114 study estimates for LMICs contains some bias. India's 37 study estimates were distributed more or less equally along the middle line, indicating no publication bias, while there was a slight bias in the estimates for Africa, Latin America, and Bangladesh. The odds of experiencing the death of the index child in the selected LMICs were 2.3 times higher for mothers who had lost any prior child as compared to those mothers who had not had any prior child loss. For African mothers, the odds were five times higher, whereas for Indian mothers, the odds were 1.66 times higher. Mothers' characteristics, such as education, occupation, health‐seeking behavior, and maternal competence, significantly affect the child's survival status. Conclusion: Achieving the sustainable development goals would not be possible if mothers in countries experiencing high levels of under‐five mortality are not provided with better health and nutrition facilities. Mothers who have lost multiple children should be targeted for assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of heart diseases and angina pectoris and associated factors among middle-aged and older Indian adults. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease among middle-aged and older adults based on self-reported chronic heart disease (CHD) and symptom-based angina pectoris (AP). Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, 2017–18. The sample consists of 59,854 individuals (27, 769 males and 32,085 females) aged 45 years and above. Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between morbidities, other covariates (demographic factors, socio-economic factors and behavioral factors) and heart disease and angina. Results: A proportion of 4.16% older males and 3.55% older females reported the diagnosis of heart diseases. A proportion of 4.69% older males and 7.02% older females had symptom-based angina. The odds of having heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive and who had family history of heart disease, and it was higher among those whose cholesterol levels were higher. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease were more likely to have angina than their healthy counterparts. The odds of undiagnosed heart disease were lower but the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive than non-hypertensive individuals. Those having diabetes were less likely to have undiagnosed heart disease while among the diabetic people the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher. Similarly, higher odds were observed among people with high cholesterol, having stroke and also among those who had a history of heart disease than their counterparts. Conclusions: The present study provided a comparative prevalence of heart disease and agina and their associations with chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India. The higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease and their risk factors among middle-aged and older Indians manisfest alarming public health concerns and future health demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construct of intrinsic capacity (IC) in the context of integrated care for older adults emphasizes functional assessment from a holistic perspective. It provides reliable and comparable insights on subsequent functioning and disability. Given the paucity of research on IC and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the present study examined the association of IC with geriatric conditions of functional limitations and multiple fall outcomes among older adults in India. The data used for analysis come from the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017–2018. The final sample size contains 24,136 older adults (11,871 males and 12,265 females) age 60 years or above. Multivariable binary logistic regression is employed to examine the association of IC and other explanatory factors with outcome variables of difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), falls, fall injury, and multiple falls. Of the total sample, 24.56% of older adults were observed to be in the high IC category. The prevalence of ADL difficulty, IADL difficulty, falls, multiple falls and fall-related injury is estimated to be 19.89%, 45.00%, 12.36%, 5.49% and 5.57%, respectively. Older adults who reported high IC had a significantly lower prevalence of ADL difficulty (12.26% vs 22.38%) and IADL difficulty (31.13% vs 49.52%) than those who reported low IC. Similarly, a lower prevalence of falls (9.42% vs 13.34%), fall-related injury (4.10% vs 6.06%) and multiple falls (3.46% vs 6.16%) were reported among those who had high IC. After adjusting for a large number of confounders such as age, sex, health-related attributes and lifestyle behaviors, older adults with high IC had significantly lower odds of ADL difficulty [aOR: 0.63, CI: 0.52–0.76], IADL difficulty [aOR: 0.71, CI: 0.60–0.83], falls [aOR: 0.80, CI: 0.67–0.96], multiple falls [aOR: 0.73, CI: 0.58–0.96] and fall-related injury [aOR: 0.78, CI: 0.61–0.99]. That a high IC was independently associated with a lower risk of functional difficulty and fall outcomes in later life is of enormous value in predicting subsequent functional care needs. More specifically, the findings here imply that because regular IC monitoring can predict poor health outcomes in older adults, improvements in IC should be prioritized while formulating disability and fall prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The influence of early life factors is becoming increasingly apparent as studies investigate how experiences, resources, and constraints in childhood affect health and well-being later in life. The present study contributes to this literature by examining the association between several early life factors and self-reported pain among older adults in India. Methods: Data come from the 2017-18 wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI). The sample size includes 28,050 older adults aged 60 and above (13,509 men and 14,541 women). Pain is a self-reported, dichotomous measure where participants responded to whether they were often troubled with pain and whether this experience interfered with their ability to carry out daily household chores. Early life factors, which are retrospective accounts of experiences, included the respondent's position in birth order, their health status, school absenteeism, being bedridden, family socioeconomic status (SES), and their parent's experience with chronic disease. Logistic regression analysis is employed to examine the unadjusted and adjusted average marginal effects (AME) of selected domains of early life factors associated with the probability of experiencing pain. Results: 22.8% of men and 32.3% of women reported pain that interfered with daily activities. Pain was higher among men (AME: 0.01, confidence interval (CI): 0.01–0.03) and women (AME: 0.02, CI: 0.01–0.04) with third or fourth birth order compared to counterparts with first birth order. Both men (AME: -0.02, CI: -0.04–0.01) and women (AME: -0.07, CI: -0.09 - -0.04) having a fair childhood health status reported a lower probability of pain. The probability of pain was higher among both men (AME: 0.03, CI: 0.01–0.07) and women (AME: 0.07, CI: 0.03–0.13) who were bedridden due to sickness in their childhood. Similarly, the pain likelihood was higher among men who missed school for more than a month due to health problems (AME: 0.04, CI: -0.01-0.09). Men and women with poor financial condition in their childhood reported (AME: 0.04, CI: 0.01–0.07) a higher probability of experiencing pain relative to their peers who reported a more financially advantaged early life. Conclusions: Findings of the present study add to the empirical literature on the association between early life factors and later life health and well-being. They also are pertinent to health care providers and practitioners working in pain management, as this knowledge better positions them to identify older adults most susceptible to pain. Moreover, findings of our study underscore that the interventions to ensure health and well-being in later life must start far earlier in the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dialectical materialism, we argue is a philosophical praxis that guided Marx's critique of capitalist political economy. In this article, we have attempted a self-critique of human geography by explicating that dialectical materialism has been largely used as a metaphor within the discipline. The article has been inspired by the over-whelming use of the terms 'dialectics' and 'dialectical' in human geography. The purpose has been to lay down some of the basic tenets of dialectical materialism in Marx's work, and then lay down some human geography research that engages with dialectical materialism. We believe that philosophical introspection on methodology, particularly within the Marxist circles, is scarce. We argue that to develop a truly dialectical materialist human geography we must push dialectal materialism from metaphor to methodology. We also think that methodology and philosophy are inseparably tied and therefore, choice of research methodology is a reflector of the researcher's philosophy about reality and hence research praxis should be an important matter of discussion and introspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High efficiency and low-cost Static Frequency Changer (SFC) converters are widely used in electronic industry. SFC known as cycloconverter is installed to obtain variable output AC voltage or frequency. Fast dynamic response and slight size made these converters to occupy the potential space in switching world. Cycloconverter generates harmonics when connected to different types of loads. These harmonics pollute the purity of sinusoidal waveform and affect the quality of power system. Harmonic current is produced when an electrical device draws current in a nonsinusoidal manner. The harmonic voltage develops as harmonic current traverses the electrical system. Harmonic and current orders are inversely proportional to each other, respectively. These harmonics affect the execution of switching devices and causes breakdown of cable insulation, circuit breaker tripping, power transformer failures, limits on generator efficiency and UPS capacity. This paper comprises of odd harmonics that takes place in different load contiguous with cycloconverter. The 3rd, 5th, 7th and higher order harmonics are diagnosed by employing MATLAB platform. Simulation studies are depicted and proved the importance of single phase step down bridge - cycloconverter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the initiation of the New Economic Policy in 1991, India's power policy illustrates the crystallization of a form of situated rationality that relies on capitalist competitiveness and foreign investment for growth and development. This paper, using critical discourse analysis, examines the resettlement of the Enron/Dabhol Power Project to highlight how this situated rationality represents power/knowledge that "legitimizes" prioritization of international capital, erosion of national sovereignty, and facilitates capitalist exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Proterozoic Sirban Limestone Formation (SLFm) crops out as detached allochthons in the northwest Himalaya (Jammu region, India) and has its coeval equivalents laterally disposed in the west in Salt Range, in the northwest in Abbotabad (Pakistan) and in southeast in Himachal Pradesh (India). The oil and gas occurrences have been reported from the Proterozoic successions globally and the hydrocarbon potential of the SLFm cannot be ruled out. The interbedded shales and algal laminated dolostones within the SLFm have yielded microflora comparable to those reported in the North African Neoproterozoic sandstones and the Late Proterozoic carbonates of the giant oil and gas fields of the Siberian Platform. The SLFm contains a rich and diverse biota comprising ~ 10% of the rock volume in thin section. The rich organic assemblage justified a hydrocarbon source potential analysis of the SLFm, tested in this study by Rock Eval (RE) pyrolysis. RE pyrolysis yielded a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 0.02 to 1 wt. % with very low Hydrogen Index (HI) values for the shales and TOC content averaging 0.02 wt. % for the dolostones. The organically lean shales and dolostones exhibit T values indicative of immature to post mature stage. But, since these values are for the samples with complex thermal and tectonic history the results may be unreliable. The highly altered organic matter and kerogen present in the SLFm had the potential to generate hydrocarbons and presently indicates no significant source potential. This study is important for understanding the hydrocarbon occurrences in the SLFm particularly in light of the recent oil and gas discoveries from the coeval Proterozoic successions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian economy suffered a balance of payment crisis in 1991, which provided the context for the rolling out of neoliberal policies, also referred to as the New Economic Policy in India. This paper examines the national and global causes and context of India's economic crisis and adoption of neoliberal policies. While grounding my analysis in historical-geographical materialism, I argue that India's economic crisis was a product of certain contingent conditions. I draw attention to India's pre-neoliberal economic regime and analyse how the earlier-established relationship between revenue generation and expenditure ran into trouble; what changes occurred in the organization and management of revenues and capital; nature of interventions of the state in the circulation of capital; changes in the physical aspects of circulation of commodities, together with foreign trade and the formation of the 'world market'; and the rise of the United States as the only global superpower. I conclude that India's economic crisis of 1990-91, and the neoliberal policies that followed, are products of contingent historical and geographical conditions. A teleological approach towards examining global capitalism and production of economic crisis often neglect such contingencies and provide a set of causalities that may, at best, be classified as incomplete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa and India are viewed as incipient economic powerhouses of the developing world – South Africa is the biggest economy on the African continent and India a rising star in the global economy. Both countries have adopted neoliberal policies. The forms in which neoliberalism has unfolded, however, have been contingent upon the countries’ and utility sector’s historical-geographical context. In this paper we attempt to provide a comparative perspective demonstrating similar processes of neoliberalism in South Africa and India. We examine the contradictory nature of neoliberalism with respect to particular sections of the population – the poor in particular. A broadly political-economy approach is adopted. The paper reveals that there is particular state-market logic driving the delivery of basic services such as water and energy. It is this logic which has undermined the states’ attempts at providing basic services to the poor in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The memorandum of understanding between Enron and the Maharashtra State Electricity Board, signed on 20 June 1992, set in motion the Dabhol Power Project, the largest corporate-led venture in Indian history. But even while the project was gaining official clearance, it attracted considerable local opposition on environmental and livelihood related grounds. Additionally, the fact that Enron was awarded the contract by the Congress Party led state government of Maharashtra, in the absence of procedural transparency and open bidding, entangled the project in deep controversy. This paper, based on fieldwork, examines opposition to the Dabhol Power Project. I particularly focus on the relevance of militant particularism, and the importance of counter-hegemony of the working class and/or the subaltern counter-public in the context of multi-scaled manifestations of neoliberal power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1991, the city of Delhi in India has become a focal point of economic liberalization. Economic liberalization has been accompanied by local government efforts to attract both foreign and domestic investment, particularly in the service sectors of the economy. The attraction of investment has been achieved by spatial reconfiguration, pitting the interest of global and domestic capital against the interest of deprived populations. I herein analyze the unfolding of the neoliberal economic regime in India, the production of space in Delhi, and the ways in which planning and governance in Delhi, geared to attracting foreign investment, have affected slum and industry location and public transport networks. Such spatial reconfiguration has been carried out as part of an effort to make Delhi cleaner. I argue, however, that the current environmental agenda has been co-opted by neoliberals to assert class power by militarizing space to the detriment of the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Association of American Geographers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)