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The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) provides the world's population with staple foods, and it is crucial to maintain global food demand and security. Food systems are a complex ecosystem and sustain many feedback mechanisms. Crop residue management is one of those feedback mechanisms that was assessed under conservation agriculture, and a decomposition study was analyzed for the rice-wheat cropping system using rice, wheat, and maize crop residue for decomposition rate and nutrients release under agricultural practices (zero till, raised beds). Different zero tillage techniques in Samastipur demonstrated an accelerated decomposition trend, which was especially noticeable in the straw from wheat and rice. At the same time, permanent bed systems showed a relatively larger residue mass, especially in the case of wheat and maize straw. Permanent bed systems (wheat-maize system), particularly those using wheat straw, held the largest amounts of residue mass when the total residue mass throughout the sites was taken into account. Samastipur showed higher nutrient release for all the rice residue in wheat, rice residue in maize, and wheat residue in rice except maize residue in rice as compared to the Karnal sites. Decomposition kinetics, modeled via a first-order exponential decay function, showed high correlations (R2: 0.941 to 0.996) across treatment methods. The research underscores the significant effect of agroecological factors on residue decomposition and nutrient release, irrespective of residue type, highlighting the importance of tailored residue management practices for enhanced nutrient cycling and sustainability. These findings contribute to the optimization of residue management strategies in RWCS, promoting sustainable agriculture practices in the face of climate change and increasing food security demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves having at least 3 out of 5 health conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These conditions include increased blood pressure (BP), high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Each of these conditions is treatable with lifestyle changes and/or medication. Objective: 1). To find out the prevalence of MetS and various risk factors associated with it through MetS's screening criteria. 2) To find out the health risk status and stress level among bank's employees in the government sector. Material and Methods: A medical health camp was organised for all bank's employees to rule out the various health-related disorders. Thus, 64 beneficiaries were participated. A detailed history was taken regarding their socio-demographic profile, risk factors affecting the MetS, and stress levels among each individual through the direct personal interview method. Results: As per MetS's screening criteria (NCEP-ATP III), the prevalence of MetS was 7.81% among the bank's employees. The various risk factors affecting the MetS are elevated serum triglyceride level, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), raised BP, enlarged WC, etc., The majority of individuals had a high risk of health status 27 (42.1%) and a moderate level of stress, i.e., 38 (59.4%), respectively. Most of the participants were hypertensive 49 (76.6%), diabetic 16 (28.6%), and obese 37 (57.8%). Conclusion: Common concerns of male gender, increasing age and BMI, sedentary lifestyle, stress and positive family history should be considered for early identification and appropriate intervention to fight against the growing MetS epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and development of novel eco-friendly materials with outstanding antimicrobial properties have transpired to impede and regulate the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Bionanocomposites are the propitious aspirant to circumvent the global warming emanates and proliferation in pollution attributed to biocompatibility, degradability, and environmental benign primacy. Undoubtedly, silver nanoparticles are the magic bullet that has efficient antimicrobial properties against various bacterial strains. The synchronous existence of chitosan and Ag nanoparticles are the two crucial protruding antibacterial agents that divulged imperious antibacterial properties against gram-positive strains in comparison to gram-negative strains. This indagation will shed light on the experimentation and analysis of chitosan/PVA biohybrid grafted with graphene and silver nanoparticles for screening of antibacterial efficiency. The tensile strength of 15% GO/CS/Ag/PVA was found to be 81.99 MPa as compared to pristine chitosan which was 36 MPa. The active resultant bio-nano hybrid fabricated via a biomimetic approach evinced magnificently thermostable, mechanically robust, and antibacterial properties which make it a potential candidate for packaging applications. The results revealed that the inhibition is relatively dependent upon concentration. It has been noticed that a better antibacterial effect was shown by gram-positive bacteria contrary to gram-negative strains for GO-reinforced CS films owing to the presence of silver nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern security faces challenges in detecting unauthorized and potentially harmful items in luggage, despite X-ray baggage scanning frameworks and research on efficiently screening highly disguised items. In response to this gap, a groundbreaking Modified Encoder-Decoder-based model has been introduced. This innovative model takes X-ray scan images as input and generates distinct feature representations for both suspicious and non-suspicious baggage materials. A key focus of the model is to address the denoising challenge inherent in X-ray images which reduces the models efficiency. This is achieved through the implementation of a Poisson Noise Reduction method during the preprocessing stage. Following preprocessing, the model effectively segments the non-threat image, identifying potential threats from the denoised input. The model showcases superior performance, as evidenced by high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and low Mean Squared Error (MSE) values, outperforming existing filtering techniques. Rigorous testing on publicly available SIXray and GDXray datasets validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Performance metrics for the SIXray dataset, including mAP, IoU, and DC values of 97.32%, 73.14%, and 85.12%, respectively, underscore the model's efficacy. Notably, the framework attains an impressive accuracy of 99.17% on the SIXray dataset, affirming its robustness in addressing contemporary security challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution caused by dyes is a major environmental threat, posing adverse impacts on humans, animals, and plants. Therefore, the remediation of such pollutants is essential to protect the environment. This study aimed to conduct physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of textile wastewater to isolate and identify potential native bacterial strains for the decolorization of Congo red dye. Physical and nutritional process parameters were optimized to achieve maximum decolorization. The biological and chemical oxygen demands of the analyzed textile waste water were found to be above the recommended limits. In this study, 19 Congo red -decolorizing bacteria were isolated, with one bacterial culture capable of growing at a higher dye concentration of 300 mg/L. This bacterium was characterized biochemically and genetically (using 16S rRNA sequencing) and identified as the Pseudomonas aeruginosa MT-2 strain. A maximum decolorization of 94.0% was achieved at an initial dye concentration of 150 mg/L, 35°C, and pH 8.0 under static conditions. The bacterial culture also showed resistance to heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, and chromium. The biodegradation of Congo red dye was confirmed through UV-vis spectral analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The findings of this study demonstrate the high remediation potential of the MT-2 strain, making it suitable for possible use in dye biodecolorization at contaminated sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the mass spectra and decay properties of pions and all light tetraquarks using both semi-relativistic and non-relativistic frameworks. By applying a Cornell-like potential and a spin-dependent potential, we generate the mass spectra. The decay properties of tetraquarks are evaluated using the annihilation model and the spectator model. Potential tetraquark candidates are interpreted for quantum numbers J PC = 0 + + , 0 - + , 1 - + , 1 + - , 1 - - , 2 + - , 2 - + , and 2 - - . Additionally, we compare our results with existing experimental data and theoretical predictions to validate our findings. This study aims to enhance the understanding of tetraquarks in the light-light sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) remains a global health challenge, devastatingly impacting women's lives. Low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMIC), such as India, experience a concerning upward trend in BC incidence, necessitating the implementation of cost‐effective screening methods. While mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging are preferred screening modalities in resource‐rich settings, limited resources in LMICs make clinical breast examination (CBE) the method of choice. This review explores the merits of CBE, its coverage, barriers, and facilitators in the Indian context for developing strategies in resource‐constrained settings. CBE has shown significant down‐staging and cost‐effectiveness. Performed by trained health workers in minutes, CBE offers an opportunity for education about BC. Various individual and health system barriers, such as stigma, financial constraints, and the absence of opportunistic screening hinder CBE coverage. Promising facilitators include awareness programs, capacity building, and integrating CBE through universal health care. No healthcare provider must miss any screening opportunity through CBE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IOUT (Internet of Underwater Things) relies on underwater acoustic sensors, which have limited resources such as battery power and bandwidth. The exchange of data among these sensors faces challenges like propagation delay, node displacement, and environmental errors, making network maintenance difficult. The objective of this study is to address the energy efficiency and performance issues in IOUT networks by proposing and evaluating an energy-efficient routing protocol called Efficient Cost Wakeup Routing Protocol (ECWRP). To achieve the objective, the study focuses on two key parameters: Cost and Duty Cycle. The Duty Cycle parameter helps in reducing undesirable impacts during underwater communications, improving the performance of the routing protocol. The Cost parameter is utilized to select the most efficient path for data transmission, considering factors such as transmitting power levels. The protocol is applied to a multi-hop mesh-based network. The proposed ECWRP routing protocol is assessed through simulations, demonstrating its superior efficiency compared to the Ride algorithm. By eliminating unnecessary handshaking and optimizing route selection, ECWRP significantly enhances energy efficiency and overall performance within the IoUT network. The study's findings on the enhanced energy efficiency and performance improvements achieved by the ECWRP protocol hold promising implications for the design and optimization of IoUT networks, paving the way for more sustainable and effective communication systems in underwater environments. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Efficient Cost Wakeup Routing Protocol (ECWRP) in enhancing energy efficiency and performance in multi-hop mesh-based IoUT networks. The protocol's utilization of the Duty Cycle parameter reduces undesirable impacts, while the Cost parameter enables the selection of the most efficient path for data transmission. The results confirm the superiority of the ECWRP protocol compared to the Ride algorithm, highlighting its potential for optimizing network performance and improving resource utilization in IoUT environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of dimension of dynamic capabilities such as Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), technological innovation (TIN), and digital transformation (DT) and dimension of Stakeholder environment, society, and governance (ESG) practices on environmental performance (EP) in the handicraft industry. This study also investigates the mediating impact of dynamic capabilities such as Technological innovation (TIN) and Entrepreneurial orientation between ESG and EP and has applied the Sobel test. This study also checks the moderating impact of Digital transformation (DT) on EP through TIN. The Sobel test is most suitable for mediation analysis, whether partial or complete mediation. For this study, exploratory research methods , convenience sampling, and tools used a 5-point Likert scale. Therefore, the study was well suited to this type of experimental research, since it used the PLS–SEM path coefficient algorithm and PCA analysis software to examine several correlations simultaneously. A total of 150 respondents participated in this survey who were artisan's new entrepreneurs and firm owners in the handicraft industry. Because of their outsized influence on emissions worldwide and consumption of resources, businesses worldwide have a responsibility to ensure environmental stability while also working to improve their practices to improve the craft industry as part of the small industry. These findings prove that by adopting ESG principles and Entrepreneurial orientation, the impact of technological innovation supports the environment's performance. The development of eco-friendly goods and procedures, the enhancement of craft productivity, and the evolution of sustainable development strategies are all greatly aided by digital transformation, technological innovation handicraft business environmental sustainability in the face of the escalating difficulties brought on by climate change. For verification and exploration of entrepreneurial orientation, technological innovation, Environmental performance, and environmental social and governance (ESG), this study is supported by the Dynamic capability theory (DCT), stakeholder theory, and especially ESG criteria. The research shows that firms' environmental performance can be significantly improved by emphasizing ESG factors and embracing technological advancements and entrepreneurial orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the toxic heavy metal absorbers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), this work focuses on the development of an environmentally friendly simple solution‐processed infrared (IR) absorber. In this work, a simple solution‐crystallized IR‐absorbing AgBiS2 film is reported by spin‐coating silver, bismuth nitrates, and thiourea dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) to produce thick AgBiS2 film. Extensive optimization of the precursor concentrations thicknesses and conductive substrates used allow for obtaining 250 nm AgBiS2 film with different crystal sizes. When applied as an absorber in solar cells, solution‐crystalized AgBiS2 thick film delivers an extraordinarily high current density of over 31 mA cm−2. The devices show high stability under continuous 100 mW cm−2 illumination and when stored in the dark for more than six months. When the AgBiS2 layer is fabricated in a gradient fashion combining one layer of 0.25 m and three layers of 0.5 m precursor concentrations, the efficiency of 5.15% is registered which is the highest reported for the simple solution‐crystallized AgBiS2 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the relationships among soil characteristics, carbon dynamics, and soil biome in rice-based cropping systems across four farming scenarios: conventional farming, organic farming with conventional tillage, integrated nutrient management, and conservation agriculture with zero tillage. Conducted at the International Rice Research Institute, India (2020-2022), the study analyzed physical, chemical, and biological soil parameters. The findings reveal significant effects of farming scenarios on soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), with no notable impact on bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, or water-holding capacity. Organic farming enhanced microbial health, showing microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at 194.0 μg g-1, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) at 134.2 μg g-1, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) at 36.80 μg TPF h-1 g-1, reflecting a more active microbial community important for nutrient cycling. Conservation agriculture reduced soil compaction, promoting better root growth and water penetration, leading to higher crop yields (10.95 ± 0.49 t ha-1). The study highlights the role of SOC in enhancing soil health, nutrient availability, and crop productivity, emphasizing sustainable agricultural practices. CF, Conventional farming; CA, Conservation agriculture; INM, Integrated nutrient management, OF, Organic farming along with various soil quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyze the strong decays of singly charmed baryons into another singly charmed baryon and a light pseudo scalar meson by means of Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory (HHChPT) which combines heavy quark symmetry with chiral symmetry. HHChPT worked excellently for describing the strong decays of 1 S -wave charmed baryons. The strong decay widths of well-established singly charmed baryons are well reproduced. Further, the strong decay width of 1 P states is calculated in this approach by using the calculated masses in the Relativistic Flux Tube (RFT) model. By analyzing the mass spectra from the RFT model with strong decays in HHChPT, we investigate the spin-parity assignments. We identify Σ c (2 8 0 0) and Ξ c (2 9 3 9) as 1 P -wave states having J P = 3 2 − . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for the growth and development of the prostate gland. Androgenic receptors are overexpressed, which promotes the progression of prostate cancer; therefore, androgenic receptors are a key target in the therapy of prostate cancer. Enzalutamide is used to treat prostate cancer; however, it also causes toxicities such as cardiovascular toxicity, acute myocarditis, hypertension, and seizures. The objective of this research was to create novel and safer analogues of enzalutamide, followed by the prediction of the pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of these enzalutamide analogues. Molecular docking studies of analogues were also done to guess how ligands will work biologically in treating prostate cancer. A total of 195 analogues were generated, and among them, 23 bioisosteres were selected for further pharmacokinetic, toxicological screening and docking studies. The predicted physical-chemical, medicinal, and ADMET characteristics of the designed bioisosteres were optimal to good compared to enzalutamide. Additionally, the drug likeness and drug score of analogues were superior to enzalutamide. According to docking studies of analogues, EZ12, EZ8, and EZ10 formed hydrogen bonds of SER778 with replaceable amide groups in enzalutamide molecules. SER778 residue may be responsible for antagonistic activity towards androgen receptors. Based on the results of the ADMET, drug likeness, drug score, and docking study of designed enzalutamide analogues, the ligands EZ12, EZ8, and EZ10 could be used to find more possible antiandrogen drugs that could be used to treat prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil carbon sequestration and crop productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, focusing on short-term effects over 3 and 5 years. Conducted at two distinct sites, Karnal and Samastipur, the research compares zero tillage, permanent raised beds, and conventional tillage systems across diverse cropping patterns. Initial findings after 3 years showed no significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stocks at Karnal, while Samastipur's maize-mustard-mungbean rotation on permanent raised beds showed increased carbon stocks. Notably, after 5 years, significant differences in soil carbon stocks emerged at both sites, with improved organic matter input indicated by coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM) formation. The study confirms the potential of POXC and POC as early indicators for carbon sequestration in CA systems, highlighting the role of CA practices in enhancing soil health and crop productivity sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in commercial Inland saline aquaculture has taken momentum across the globe due to the available technologies for aquaculture and the abundant resources of saline groundwater. However, the critical problems in inland saline ponds are degraded soil and imbalanced or deficient nutrients. To address these issues, a 75-day experiment was conducted to explore the effects of Paddy Straw Biochar (PSB) as a sediment amendment on sediment quality, water characteristics, growth parameters, and the well-being of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline environments. PSB was applied to the nursery ponds at 1 ton/hectare (Treatment, T1) and 2 ton/hectare (Treatment, T2). The findings of water quality parameters showed a significant increase in K+ and Mg++ with a decrease in ammonia-N levels in biochar-applied ponds. Similarly, the addition of biochar to ponds (T2) resulted in improved sediment characteristics with enhanced water holding capacity (24.75%), increased soil organic carbon content (77.94%), pH levels (0.37 units), cation exchange capacity (43.15%), available potassium (16.3%), and lower bulk density (12.61%) compared to ponds subjected to control conditions at the end of the experiment. Over the experiment, improvements in sediment and water quality parameters followed the T2 > T1 > control trend. Growth characteristics showed a significant rise in the percentage of weight gain (12.398 ± 0.12), SGR (11.80 ± 0.01% day−1) and PER (2.39 ± 0.01) with reduced FCR (1.19 ± 0.00) in biochar-treated ponds (T2), followed by T1 and control. The digestive enzyme activity (amylase) and metabolic enzymes like hepatopancreatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and muscle ALT activities were significantly higher in shrimps raised in the biochar-applied ponds. On the other hand, the oxidative stress enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gills, muscles, and hepatopancreas (HP) exhibited lower values, suggesting reduced oxidative stress due to the biochar amendment of the pond sediment. Overall, the study recommends incorporating PSB at a rate of 2 t/ha into nursery pond sediment to enhance water quality, physiological status, and the growth of P. vannamei juveniles. Moreover, this approach improves soil and water characteristics in saline soils, making it an effective culture practice in degraded environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extent of natural salt-laden groundwaters used for irrigation is increasing worldwide, which is a fast-emerging threat to agroecosystems and global food security. The salt buildup in the soil is linked to deteriorated soil chemical, physical, and biological health and decreased land productivity. Alkali waters with high residual sodium carbonate (RSC) is one of the severe poor-quality waters that deteriorate soil. We evaluated soil microbial dynamics and soil health at critical growth stages of rice crop receiving two-decade-long irrigation with three levels of alkali water and two reclamation strategies. These included good-quality water (GQW), alkali water (ALKW) with an RSC concentration of 5 me L⁻1 (ALKW1), ALKW with an RSC concentration of 10 me L⁻1 (ALKW2), ALKW2 treated to neutralize RSC to 5 me L⁻1 using gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O; ALKW2 + GYP), and ALKW2 treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4; ALKW2 + SA). Eleven microbial parameters were used to develop a soil microbial activity index (SMAI), and eight soil health indicators were correlated with changes in SMAI and crop productivity. Results: The SMAI peaked under good-quality water (GQW) conditions (0.84–0.89), while the lowest values were recorded under ALKW2 (0.06–0.18). Neutralized alkali waters, ALKW2 + SA and ALKW2 + GYP, significantly improved SMAI with corresponding values of 0.25–0.35 and 0.13–0.32, respectively. SMAI across all stages correlated positively (R2 = 0.91–0.98) with rice yield. Microbial activity varied with the crop growth stage, peaking at tillering. Gypsum application alone, aimed at neutralizing alkalinity from an RSC of 10 to 5 me L⁻1, proved insufficient in bringing the SMAI up to the ALKW1 (RSC level of 5 me L⁻1). Conclusions: The application of dilute sulfuric acid demonstrated better results in restoring the soil microbial activity index than gypsum amendment; however, sulfuric acid treatment depends on native calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution for its effectiveness. It may not suffice for soil stability improvement in the long term, especially when native CaCO3 is low. Therefore, integrating gypsum and dilute sulfuric acid for RSC neutralization is worthwhile; however, further assessment is needed to confirm their combined impact on soil biochemical and physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Global food security is challenged by the increasing levels of air pollutants like ozone (O3) through their impacts on crop productivity. The present study was conducted to quantify the interactive effect of elevated ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2), on different rice varieties in northern India. Methods: An experiment was conducted in Genetic H field, Environment science, IARI for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) during the kharif season, to quantify the impact of elevated O3 and CO2 interaction on productivity, and plant N in three rice varieties (Pusa basmati 1121, Nagina 22, IR64 Drt1) under different nitrogen (N) management practices. Rice crop was grown in Free Air Ozone-Carbon dioxide Enrichment rings (FAOCE) rings with two levels of O3 (elevated 60 ±10ppb and ambient) and two levels of CO2 (elevated, 550±25 ppm and ambient) concentration and their interaction with two N fertilizer treatments i.e., 100% RDN (recommended dose of N) and 125% RDN. Results and discussion: Elevated O3 significantly decreased physiological parameters like photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the crop. Grain yield reduced by 7.2-7.5%, in Pusa Basmati 1121 and from 6.9-9% in IR64 Drt1 varieties in elevated O3 treatment as compared to ambient treatment. Yield reduction in Nagina 22 variety was not significant in elevated O3 treatment. Elevated CO2 concentration of 550 ppm was able to fully compensate the yield loss in Nagina 22 variety and partially compensate (3.9-8.0%) in Pusa Basmati 1121 and IR64 Drt1 varieties. Grain N concentration in rice varieties decreased by 10.8-14.7% during first year and by 7.8-20.6% during second year in elevated O3 plus CO2 interaction treatment than ambient. Grain N uptake also decreased (13.2-17.1% in first year and 4.5-22.8% in second year) in elevated O3 plus CO2 interaction treatment as compared to ambient. Application of additional 25% of recommended dose of N improved grain N concentration, grain N uptake as well as available N of soil as compared to 100% RDN treatment in elevated O3 plus CO2 interaction treatment. Additional 25% N dose could help in sustaining rice productivity and quality under elevated O3 and CO2 condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is impacting global rainfall patterns, subsequently affecting food security worldwide. This study aims to analyse long-term rainfall trends at finer spatial resolutions to understand the effects of changing rainfall patterns on agriculture and other socioeconomic activities. Point rain-gauge data presents limitations, such as non-uniform geographic coverage, issues of data continuity and availability, and lack of data in remote regions. These challenges make high-resolution spatial trend analysis using point gauge observations difficult. To overcome these limitations, the study utilizes the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data, which merges remote sensing data (radar and satellite observations) calibrated with rain-gauge datasets. The CHIRPS dataset, available at three temporal scales with a 5-km spatial resolution, is used for trend analysis and drought monitoring. The research evaluates rainfall trends over Haryana and its 77 tehsils (talukas) at seasonal and annual scales from 1981 to 2020. Trend analysis was conducted using the Mann–Kendall Test, Spearman's coefficient test, and the magnitude of the trends was assessed using Sen's slope estimate and linear regression. The findings reveal an increasing trend in both annual and monsoonal rainfall across Haryana and its 77 tehsils, except for Naraingarh tehsil in northern Haryana. The western part of Haryana shows a statistically significant increase in annual and monsoon rainfall. Conversely, winter and post-monsoon seasons exhibit a decreasing trend across almost all tehsils, while pre-monsoon rainfall shows a significant rising trend in the southern and southeastern tehsils. The annual and monsoon rainfall patterns have shifted, increasing by 6.26% and 6.68% respectively from the 1981–2010 WMO standard period to 1991–2020. These changing patterns suggest potential impacts on agricultural and economic activity management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural radioactivity levels, radon exhalation rates, and radiation doses in soil and cement samples taken from the area around the Kasimpur thermal power plant in Aligarh, India, are examined in this particular study. The average radon activity was 112.57 Bq m−3, with a range of 62.85–165.71 Bqm−3. The range of surface and mass exhalation rates was 0.87–2.29 mBq kg−1 h−1 and 22.59–59.57 mBq m−2 h−1, respectively. 361 ± 1.79–7.09 ± 1.87 Bq kg−1, 298.15 ± 49.67–351.30 ± 54.03 Bq/kg, and 40K showed activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranging from 9.38 ± 2.22 to 14.22 ± 2.65 Bq kg−1, respectively. Radium equivalent and external hazard index levels were within acceptable ranges. The study gives important information on the radiological properties of soil and cement samples, which is required for analyzing environmental and health hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides lifesaving nutritional support intravenously; however, it is associated with significant side effects. Given gut microbial alterations noted with TPN, we hypothesized that transferring fecal microbiota from healthy controls would restore gut-systemic signaling in TPN and mitigate injury. Using our novel ambulatory model (US Patent: US 63/136,165), 31 piglets were randomly allocated to enteral nutrition (EN), TPN only, TPN + antibiotics (TPN-A), or TPN + intraduodenal fecal microbiota transplant (TPN + FMT) for 14 days. Gut, liver, and serum were assessed through histology, biochemistry, and qPCR. Stool samples underwent 16 s rRNA sequencing. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance, Jaccard, and Bray–Curtis metrics were performed. Significant bilirubin elevation in TPN and TPN-A versus EN (P < 0.0001) was prevented with FMT. IFN-G, TNF-α, IL-β, IL-8, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly higher in TPN (P = 0.009, P = 0.001, P = 0.043, P = 0.011, P < 0.0001), with preservation upon FMT. Significant gut atrophy by villous-to-crypt ratio in TPN (P < 0.0001) and TPN-A (P = 0.0001) versus EN was prevented by FMT (P = 0.426 vs. EN). Microbiota profiles using principal coordinate analysis demonstrated significant FMT and EN overlap, with the largest separation in TPN-A followed by TPN, driven primarily by Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. TPN-altered gut barrier was preserved upon FMT; upregulated cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase and bile salt export pump in TPN and TPN-A and downregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, EGF, farnesoid X receptor, and Takeda G Protein-coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5) versus EN was prevented by FMT. This study provides novel evidence of prevention of gut atrophy, liver injury, and microbial dysbiosis with intraduodenal FMT, challenging current paradigms into TPN injury mechanisms and underscores the importance of gut microbes as prime targets for therapeutics and drug discovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Intraduodenal fecal microbiota transplantation presents a novel strategy to mitigate complications associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), highlighting gut microbiota as a prime target for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. These results from a highly translatable model provide hope for TPN side effect mitigation for thousands of chronically TPN-dependent patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effectiveness of combining magnets with parabolic and truncated fins in enhancing the distillation process of solar stills. The integration of magnets accelerated evaporation rates, while the fins increased the heat absorption area, resulting in improved output, vis-à-vis traditional solar stills. A comparative assessment revealed that the parabolic fin solar still (PFS) with magnets outperformed the truncated fin solar still (TCFS), producing 20%, 15%, and 16% more distillate at three different depths (1, 2, and 3 cm). The superior performance of the PFS is attributed to the magnetism of the water and the fins' more extensive surface area for heat absorption. Efficiency measurements at a water depth of 1 cm showed that the PFS achieved the maximum energy and exergy efficiencies at 30.49% and 8.85%, respectively, compared with TCFS's 25.23% and 6.22%. Economically, the PFS setup proved more feasible, with a 20.9% lower cost per liter of distilled water than TCFS. Additionally, the environmental impact assessment indicated a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, potentially generating revenues of approximately USD 1242.32 through carbon credits. These results reflect a considerable margin to enhance the efficiency of solar desalination through well-planned adjustments, which bodes well for the future of optimized solar distillation systems from an economic and environmental perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the successful utilization of deep learning (DL) techniques to elevate data quality for assessing Au-TFBG (tilted fiber Bragg grating) sensor performance. Our approach involves a well-structured DL-assisted framework integrating a hierarchical composite attention mechanism. In order to mitigate high variability in experimental data, we initially employ seasonal decomposition using moving averages (SDMA) statistical models to filter out redundant data points. Subsequently, sequential DL models extrapolate the normalized transmittance (Tn) vs. wavelength spectra, which showcases promising results through our SpecExLSTM model. Furthermore, we introduce the AttentiveSpecExLSTM model, integrating a composite attention mechanism to improve Tn sequence prediction accuracy. Evaluation metrics demonstrate its superior performance, including a root mean square error of 1.73 ± 0.05, a mean absolute error of 1.20 ± 0.04, and a symmetric mean absolute percentage error of 2.22 ± 0.05, among others. Additionally, our novel minima difference (Min. Dif.) metric achieves a value of 1.08 ± 0.46, quantifying wavelength for the global minima within the Tn sequence. The composite attention mechanism in the AttentiveSpecExLSTM adeptly captures both high-level and low-level dependencies, refining the model's comprehension and guiding informed decisions. Hierarchical dot and additive attention within this model enable nuanced attention refinement across model layers; dot attention focuses on high-level dependencies, while additive attention fine-tunes its focus on low-level dependencies within the sequence. This innovative strategy enables accurate estimation of the spectral width (full-width half maxima) of the Tn curve, surpassing raw data's capabilities. These findings significantly contribute to data quality enhancement and sensor performance analysis. Insights from this study hold promise for future sensor applications, enhancing sensitivity and accuracy by improving experimental data quality and sensor performance assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the development and validation of a static thermochemical model for predicting process parameters in the MIDREX shaft furnace, a method used for producing direct reduced iron from lump ore and pellets. Industrial plant data is used to validate the model. Furthermore, the model is utilized to analyze the process based on different parameters. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to estimate the critical parameters of the process (like reaction factors and extent of reactions) and validate the model with industrial data. Further investigations are conducted to assess the possibility of replacing the reformer gas (bustle gas) with hydrogen and coke oven gas (COG) to make the process greener and almost free from carbon emissions, using a systematic approach of overall heat balance, using already developed coupled thermodynamics and kinetics‐based model, and further using those data to estimate the reaction factors and extent of reactions using GA to be used in the static model. The results demonstrate the feasibility of replacing hydrogen and COG without much adverse effect on the process outcomes; however, this results in better metallization and reduced carbon footprint of the process effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory biomolecules responsible for many cellular processes. The aging of mammals is manifested by a slow and gradual decline of physiological functions after adulthood, progressively resulting in age-related diseases. Testis comprises different cell-types with defined functions for producing haploid gametes and androgens in males, contributing gene-pool to the next generation with genetic variations to species for evolutionary advantage. The LINC-RBE (long intergenic noncoding-rat brain expressed) RNA showed highest expression in the Leydig cells, responsible for steroidogenesis and production of testosterone; higher expression in primary spermatocytes (pachytene cells), responsible for generation of haploid gametes and high expression in Sertoli cells, the nursing cells of the testes. Testes of immature (4-weeks), adult (16- and 44-weeks), and nearly-old (70-weeks) rats showed low, high, and again low levels of expression, respectively. This along with the nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of LINC-RBE RNA showed age-related expression and function. Thus, expression of LINC-RBE is involved in the molecular physiology of testes, especially Leydig cells, primary spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells. The decline in its expression correlates with diminishing reproductive function of the testes during aging of the rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple (Malus domestica) is an important economic fruit crop of the temperate regions of world. Apple productivity is known to be affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, water scarcity and soil salinity significantly impact the physiological and metabolic processes of apple, leading to economic losses. Apple plants employ intricate physiological responses to combat drought and salt stress which are orchestrated by diverse endogenous molecular regulatory mechanisms. Modern '-omics' analyses have unraveled the roles of various transcription factors in restoring cellular homeostasis and alleviating the adverse effects of drought and salinity stress on apple plants. Important functions of various miRNAs have recently been studied in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression under both stresses. Several protein-mediated regulatory networks underlying drought and salt stress adaptation responses in apple have lately been deciphered. All these regulons ultimately induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of protective compounds for mitigating the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on apple growth. This review coherently highlights a bunch of candidate genes involved in regulating drought and salinity stress in apple and is an exemplification of our present understanding of how apple plants respond to these stresses. The functions of these genes can further be carefully exploited for developing apple varieties with anticipated levels of drought and salt stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a predominant cause of mortality, particularly in the elderly population (>60 years). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between thyroid hormone profiles and the severity of ACS in old patients, using Killip classification and TIMI flow grade. Material and Method: This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 95 patients aged over 60 years, presenting with ACS at Shri B M Patil Medical College. Exclusion criteria included known coronary artery disease, thyroid disorders, use of medications affecting thyroid function, and other conditions impacting thyroid tests. Thyroid profiles were measured within 72 hours of admission using the Electrochemiluminescence method. ACS severity was assessed using the Killip classification and TIMI flow grade. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP SAS 16 Software, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of patients was 66.2 years, with 64.2% being male. Chest pain (91.5%) was the most common symptom. Hypertension (50.5%) and diabetes (46.3%) were prevalent comorbidities. ECG indicated STEMI in 64.2% of patients, with positive Troponin I in 85.3%. Single, double, and triple vessel diseases were observed in 31.6%, 42.1%, and 26.3% of cases, respectively. TIMI flow grade 2 was most common (48.4%), and Killip class 2 was the most frequent clinical severity (32.6%). Lower T3 and T4 levels were significantly associated with higher Killip classes, indicating severe ACS, while higher T3 levels correlated with higher TIMI grades, indicating better perfusion. Conclusion: The study found a strong relationship between thyroid hormone levels and the severity of ACS in older people. Lower thyroid hormone levels are related with more severe ACS, implying that thyroid profiling might be an important tool in the risk assessment and treatment of older ACS patients. More study is needed to investigate the underlying processes and corroborate these findings across a variety of clinical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthropods may make a significant fraction of the total number of soil organisms. They function as plant litter transformers or ecosystem engineers, and thus contribute positively to soil health. The present study was conducted during the 2020--2022 at International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi. Study investigates the impact of different farming methods- conventional (Scenario 1; Sc1), LINF- Low-input natural farming (Sc 2); BBEF- Biochar-based ecological farming (Sc 3); CROF- Climate-resilient organic farming (Sc 4); RF- Regenerative farming (Sc 5) practices on soil arthropod populations in rice-wheat systems. Study utilized pitfall traps across various experimental setups. The findings revealed a significant increase in arthropod diversity and abundance, particularly in organic farming scenarios, where the Formicidae family (ants) and the Araneae family (spiders) were most prevalent. In an organically rich soil system, the five most diverse groups (Isopoda, Myriapoda, Insecta, Acari, and Collembola) were reported. This increase can be attributed to the nutrient-rich amendments that positively influence soil organisms. This study highlights a gradual increase in specific taxa, such as cockroaches, spiders, ants, and grasshoppers, following the transition to organic farming. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed distinct arthropod distribution patterns in the different farming systems, indicating the unique ecological impact of each method. Interestingly, predator populations in zero-till wheat fields under regenerative agriculture were greater than those in conventionally tilled fields. These results underscore the substantial role of organic and regenerative farming practices in promoting sustainable agricultural ecosystems. This study reveals the complex interplay between farming practices and arthropod dynamics and highlights the ecological benefits of sustainable agricultural methods, emphasizing their potential to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of diesel engines is greatly influenced by ongoing research on alternative fuels. Renewable fuels have been researched and adopted by several nations to encourage the production and use of biodiesel. This study examines the energy conversion of waste plastic biodiesel and Spirulina microalgae biodiesel at a 20% blending ratio to analyze the behavior of a one-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine running at 1500 rpm with a compression ratio of 17.5. The authors evaluated, analyzed, and compared the engine's combustion, performance, and emission at an incremental engine load of 25% from 25 to 100%. The findings demonstrated that the biodiesel fuel samples generated somewhat poorer efficiency but reduced emissions from the engine. At 100% load, the percentage differences between the diesel and blended fuel samples ranged from 2.4 to 7.3% for BTE, 2.9 to 16.5% for BSFC, and 1.0 to 4.62% for BSEC; however, the PM, SO2, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 1.6–28.8% except for NOx emissions, which are increased by up to 9.4%. Pure diesel exhibits the best performance characteristics; however, pure biodiesel exhibits the best emission characteristics. The 20% blended fuels showed promising results, as they exhibited comparable or slightly improved BTE values compared to their respective pure biodiesel fuels. The findings indicate that Spirulina microalgae biodiesel and waste plastic biodiesel have the potential to be utilized as substitute fuels for diesel engines; however, for the greatest performance and lowest emissions, their blending ratios and engine operating conditions must be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cutting-edge antenna system has been developed for new radio (NR) millimeter wave operating from 36.0 to 40.0 GHz frequency range 2 (FR 2) n260 band applications. This innovative system incorporates metasurface-inspired printed dual-port MIMO technology, which includes LP to CP conversion features. The positional orientation of the elements of the MIMO antenna with stacked metasurface provoked the spatial diversity. To convert linearly polarised (LP) waves to circularly polarised (CP) waves, the metasurface layer is suspended above the MIMO antenna. LP to CP polarisation conversion occurs when the conducting strip and rectangular space between strips on the substrate generate π/2 phase-shifted electric field components (Ex and Ey). The proposed stepped impedance-fed antenna elements and metasurface are fabricated on commercially available high-frequency laminates using a double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication facility. The test findings exhibit a satisfactory level of concurrence with the calculated/measured findings regarding scattering parameters, diversity performance parameters, and realized gain. The result is a highly efficient and versatile antenna system that is ideal for advanced engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant efforts have been made in recent years to measure the properties of charmed baryons. In this work, we study the Ξ c ′ and Ω c baryons in the relativistic flux tube model with a quark–diquark picture of a baryon. The modified Regge relation between mass and angular momentum is used to predict the spin-average masses. The spin-dependent interactions are also included to compute the spin-dependent splitting. We calculate the masses of states belonging to the 1 F -wave and 1 G -wave of Ξ c ′ and Ω c baryons, which are not yet detected experimentally. Our mass predictions can offer valuable insights to experimental facilities in their search to discover the higher excited states of Ξ c ′ and Ω c baryons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the experimental evidence of charmed mesons is increasing remarkably. In this work, we systematically studied the D meson by employing Regge phenomenology. By assuming the existence of the quasilinear Regge trajectories, several relations between Regge slope, intercept and meson masses have been extracted. With the aid of these derived relations, Regge parameters are evaluated in both the (J , M 2 ) and (n , M 2 ) planes to obtain the mass spectra of D meson. In the forthcoming years, we believe that more candidates will be reported and our predictions could provide useful information for future experimental evidences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a promising 3D printing technology for industrial and technological applications due to its cost‐effective ability to fabricate large, complex objects from thermoplastics. Nylon 12, a versatile thermoplastic, is widely used for functional prototyping and has significant potential for end‐user applications. Our research focuses on enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of Nylon 12 by developing composites with ceramic fillers such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and alumina (Al2O3). This is achieved by melt mixing the fillers into the Nylon 12 polymer matrix and preparing filaments using a filament extruder. The optimal concentration of these fillers was determined by analyzing tensile strength of the polymer composites, while DSC was employed for thermal analysis. Additionally, rheological studies were conducted to assess the impact of the fillers on the viscoelastic properties and flow characteristics of Nylon 12. The Carreau‐Yasuda model was employed to study the complex viscosity of the materials. Our findings indicate that the addition of functional fillers enhances the shear thinning behavior of Nylon 12, improving material flow through the printer nozzle. This optimization leads to 3D printed structures with minimal dimensional inaccuracies, ensuring high‐quality prints suitable for commercial applications. Highlights: Different functional fillers reinforced Nylon 12 composites‐based filaments for FDM 3D printing applications are manufactured.Different wt.% of functional fillers are added into Nylon 12 polymer matrix via melt mixing, and their filaments are prepared by filament extruder.Rheological studies of polymer composites were conducted to examine the influence of functional fillers in flow characteristics of polymer.The presence of functional fillers enhanced shear thinning behavior of polymer and develops maximum printable viscosity for extrusion‐based 3D printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of various dynamic capabilities (Innovation (IN), entrepreneurial leadership (EL), Social media (SM), and digital technology (DT)) on Business performance (BP). This study also analysis the mediating impact of talent management(TM), and Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) between EL, and Business performance. The reason for this is that in the handicraft industry SM, DT TM, and SR impact on business performance are still not fully understood. We have adopted a survey-based methodology from 410 handicraft artisans or entrepreneurs. Data was empirically analyzed to test the theoretical model of mediation through Smart partial least square method (SMART PLS-SEM) software. The study's findings prove entrepreneurial EL improves Business performance whereas the association between Social media (SM) and BP is insignificant. The mediating impact of Talent management, EO, and strategic resilience was statistically positive and significant and proved that bridging between BP and all three mediators supports and makes stronger EL for boosting business performance. Innovation, and digital technology, positively affect Business performance. This study explores artisans' formal entrepreneurial EL style. This study is unique because the Dynamic capability theory (DCT) as an extension of the resource-based view (RBV) has been used for critical business factors like EL, strategic resilience, Business performance, digital technology, innovation, and talent management in the handicraft sector will be extended. This study also proposes a new Digital capability view (DCV) for future study. This study will explore the theoretical and practical understating of (DCT) with managerial use of EL, Innovation, and TM for boosting Business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the development of a detailed mathematical theory and its use for the design of an electronically controlled, double-acting Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) mechanism for a camless internal combustion engine, that offers a comprehensive control over the timings and the motion of the valves such that any arbitrary time-variation of the valve lift profile can be obtained at variable rotational speeds of the engine shaft. The developed theory encompasses the thermo-fluid-dynamic as well as the applied-mechanical aspects of the actuator cylinder-engine valve system performance, the dynamics of the valve actuation being characterized by parameters such as valve opening duration, peak lift and seating velocity. The prediction of the mathematical theory compares well with several experimental data sets obtained from an in-house pneumatic VVA set-up. A new design methodology is formulated for determining the appropriate dimensions of the actuator, operating thermodynamic parameters and the electronic control of the various valve events for a desired range of engine rotational speed. Several parameters in the new design philosophy are kept within acceptable ranges established from time-tested data obtained from conventional cam-based valve actuation. For example, a new pneumatic cushioning strategy has been developed that is simple, effective and energy-efficient, and is able to keep the valve seating velocity within an acceptable range (0.08–1.13 m/s). The work also discusses the implementation of several constraints that are necessary for the design of a practically viable pneumatic actuator. The evolution of a design matrix map for the electro-pneumatic VVA is quantified for the engine rotational speed varying up to 5500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural boom that has sparked natural language processing (NLP) research throughout the last decade has similarly led to significant innovations in data-to-text (D2T) generation. This survey offers a consolidated view into the neural D2T paradigm with a structured examination of the approaches, benchmark datasets, and evaluation protocols. This survey draws boundaries separating D2T from the rest of the natural language generation (NLG) landscape, encompassing an up-to-date synthesis of the literature, and highlighting the stages of technological adoption from within and outside the greater NLG umbrella. With this holistic view, we highlight promising avenues for D2T research that focus not only on the design of linguistically capable systems but also on systems that exhibit fairness and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of illness or disability, allowing individuals to lead socially and economically productive lives. A WHO expert panel has suggested that anaemia should be diagnosed when haemoglobin levels fall below 13g/dl in adult men, 12g/dl in non-pregnant adult women, and below 11g/dl in pregnant women. Anaemia during pregnancy is typically due to iron deficiency. WHO estimates that two billion people worldwide are affected by anaemia, with around 50% of cases caused by iron deficiency. Anaemia is linked to several maternal and foetal complications, including reducing a woman's ability to cope with blood loss during or after childbirth. It is also associated with low birth weight, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, and higher perinatal mortality. Aim: To assess the association of various socioeconomic and demographic factors on anaemia and the degree of anaemia found in pregnant mothers at RHC. Objectives: 1. To assess the influence of social and economic status and factors influencing anaemia in pregnant mothers using B.G. Prasad classification. 2. To assess the influence of demographic factors like parity, education, occupation, etc. on anaemia in pregnant mothers. 3. To assess the utilization of various ANC services being provided at RHC especially the use of iron and folic acid tablets. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal prospective observational study conducted in a field practice area. The study was undertaken at a RHTC under Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. All the pregnant women who were anaemic i.e. whose Hb levels were less than 11g/dl (according to WHO classification) and who had no other comorbidities who visited the RHTC for the first time were included in the study. All pregnant women whose Hb levels were below 11g/dl and who visited the RHTC for the first time for various antenatal services during the study period were included in the study. All anaemic pregnant women in any trimester of pregnancy were included in the study. Results: Table shows the level of anaemia among the 178 subjects included in the study divided according to the WHO classification of anaemia in pregnancy. It shows that 61 participants (34.26%) had mild anaemia, 98(55.05%) mothers had moderate anaemia whereas 19(10.6%) had severe type of anaemia. According to table 7 of the 178 pregnant anaemic mothers, 39(21.91%) were taking iron and folic acid tablets regularly, 66(37.07%) were taking iron and folic acid tablets irregularly whereas 73(41.01%) were not taking any iron and folic acid tablets. Of the 178 participating anaemic pregnant mothers, 123(69.10%) visited ANC units 1-2 times and 55(30.89%) visited ANC units 3 or more times. As seen in table 8, of the 123 pregnant mothers with anaemia who visited the ANC unit 1-2 times in the present pregnancy, 41(33.33%) had mild anaemia, 67(54.47%) had moderate anaemia and 15(12.19%) had severe anaemia. Of the 55 pregnant mothers with anaemia who visited the ANC unit 3 or more times in the present pregnancy, 20(36.36%) had mild anaemia, 31(56.36%) had moderate anaemia and 4(7.27%) had severe anaemia. Conclusion: Most of the anaemic pregnant women were in middle socioeconomic class i.e. class 3 with majority having completed primary education and were Hindu housewives with mixed diets living in a joint family. Even with the low levels of Hb most of the women were not taking any IFA tablets and the birth spacing was not 3 years in majority of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medico-legal cases in a particular health set up is an important and unavoidable bulk. It requires proper dealing in both examination and documentation. Classification and tabulation of these cases under certain categories is crucial for evaluating the current pattern. This categorisation benefits the law-and-order authorities to enact norms and policies accordingly. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly by the department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology in collaboration with the Medical Record Section. Medico-Legal Cases examined by doctors attending in the casualty of the hospital were taken. Medico-legal case file and electronic medical record data saved in the (MRD) medical records department were looked for cases segregated as Medico-Legal Cases with Medico-Legal Reports for a duration of one year from 01-July-2023 to 30-June-2024.Both percentage and numbers of the evaluated data are mentioned. Results: Total 456 cases were reported during 01-July-2023 to 30-June-2024. Among the 456 cases reported, 32.00% were among the age group of 21-30 years. Most of the medicolegal cases registered were of males (73.50 %). The number of cases from rural areas were more (73.00%). Road Traffic accidents (RTA) accounted for 64.70% of the cases followed by poisoning/drug reaction cases (13.20%). Among the RTA cases, the age group of 21-30 years were the most vulnerable. Conclusion: Evaluation of the Medico-legal Cases needs focused observation and meticulous recording with proper documentation. Heath care staffs including doctors should undergo proper training so that the faults and mistakes can be minimised, thus aiding the legal authorities to manage this bulk efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Published data demonstrate promising results for rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), including telerehabilitation technologies. Given the travel limitations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), telerehabilitation may provide a viable alternative to in-person physiotherapy. Objective: To determine the efficacy of telerehabilitation in MS patients during COVID-19. Design/Methods: A total of 42 patients participated in the study of which 24 were followed up till the end of 6 weeks. The investigated group consisted of 15 females and 09 males; the mean age was 42 ± 10 years. The telerehabilitation was provided for a duration of 6 weeks at a frequency of three classes per week. The patients used either laptops or mobile phones for attending these sessions. The inclusion criteria were a 6-minute walk test (with or without assistance). Motor function was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand (30STS) test. Patients were required to fill out two questionnaires also: 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). All the patient assessments were made by an independent physiotherapist before and after the intervention. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in motor performance and MFIS and 12-item MSWS. The following results were observed: statistically improved parameters of TUG, 30STS, 12-item MSWS and MFIS. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is reasonable to infer that the use of telemedicine in the rehabilitation of MS patients is very promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]