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Ionized Mg (iMg) may offer a more reliable indicator of Mg status during acute illness than total Mg (tMg) concentrations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmagnesemia and their relationship using iMg and tMg. The clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as health outcomes and their association with iMg and tMg were also assessed. A prospective study including all eligible adult patients (≥18 years) who were hospitalized in the General Internal Medicine unit at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) for 3.5 months in 2023. The iMg and tMg concentrations were collected on all at the admission. In total 500 patients were included (females 49.2%) with a median age of 64.5 years (IQR: 48-77). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia by iMg concentrations was 3.4% and 26.6%, respectively, while by tMg concentrations 13.2% and 11.0%, respectively. The agreement between both measurements was strong (r=0.665, p<0.01). An increased tMg concentration was independently associated with high dependency units' admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.34, 95%CI: 1.24-15.06, p=0.02) and cardiac arrest (aOR: 14.64, 95%CI: 3.04-70.57, p<0.01), and 6-month all-cause mortality (aOR: 11.44, 95%CI: 2.46-53.17, p<0.01). During follow-up hypermagnesemia using tMg had a higher mortality compared to other groups (hazard ratio (HR): 1.82, 95%CI: 1.11-3.01, p=0.02) while no significant findings were demonstrated using iMg concentrations. iMg and tMg concentrations had a strong correlation that might be supporting the potential use of point-of-care devices. Multivariant regression analysis showed that hypermagnesemia by tMg was associated with adverse outcomes. However, the generalizability of the study findings should be taken with caution and the difference in the associations with outcomes highlight the importance of further research to examine the complex associations and impacts of dysmagnesemia in various clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) occurs when open sores, or ulcers, form in the stomach or first part of the small intestine caused by bacterial infection (H. pylori) and/or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcer effect of some plants including genus Symphytum L., and Portulaca oleracea L. on aspirin‐induced acute gastric ulcer in rats. Sixteen male albino rats (200–210 g b.wt. each) were divided into 4 groups, 4 rats each, one of them left as the control −ve group while the other 3 groups orally administered with aspirin at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt., for gastric ulcer induction, one of them left as control +ve and the rest 2 groups were orally administered with genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt., each. for seven consecutive days. Body weight gain (BWG), the length of gastric ulcer, the volume of gastric juice, the total acidity of gastric juice, and blood sample were assessed. The results showed that orally administered with genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. significantly reduced the length of gastric ulcer, gastric juice volume, and total acidity of gastric juice, in addition to decreasing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), RBC, WBC, HGB, and PLT. No significant changes were observed in the pH of gastric juice among treated groups. Moreover, in comparison to Portulaca oleracea L., genus Symphytum L. showed preferable results. Accordingly, genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. could be used as plants as curative agents against gastric ulcer in experimental rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to identify the factors influencing teachers' acceptance of using chatbots in education. To achieve this, we employed the descriptive method, applying the conceptual framework of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) to a sample of 406 teachers from the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. By applying structural equation modelling (SEM), the research results revealed that the most influential factors of chatbot acceptance among Saudi teachers were artificial intelligence literacy, followed by hedonic motivation, and then social influence. Meanwhile, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions were not significant indicators of teachers' acceptance of using chatbots in education. In light of these findings, we recommend the following actions: focusing on artificial intelligence literacy for teachers, holding specialised workshops on chatbot applications in education, enhancing teachers' motivation to use chatbots, and forming professional communities for teachers to exchange experiences and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains at just 12–15 months with a 5% 5 year survival despite them undergoing a harsh and brutal treatment regimen involving surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. This is because GBMs are impossible to completely resect and almost always recur at the borders of the resection margin, while the presence of the blood–brain barrier limits the amount of chemotherapy that can access the brain, requiring the patient to receive high and extremely toxic doses of chemotherapy. In this study, we demonstrate that local delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan directly into the border of the resection margin offers a safe route of administration with none of the normal side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. Glioblastomas are impossible to completely resect and almost always recur at the borders of the resection margin. There is no established chemotherapy regimen available to patients who recur, while systemic treatment is hampered by the blood–brain barrier. Here, we report on the first evaluation in humans of the intraparenchymal injection of irinotecan into the resection cavity after surgical resection of recurrent glioblastoma patients. The cytotoxicity of irinotecan was compared to SN-38 in primary cells from recurrent glioblastoma patients. Irinotecan was injected at multiple (~30) sites of the resection cavity wall at a depth of 3 to 5 mm. SN-38 was more cytotoxic than irinotecan at concentrations below 1 µM due to enzyme kinetics. The intraparenchymal administration of irinotecan was safe, with good wound healing and an absence of swelling, inflammation, or pseudo-abscess formation. The median survival post irinotecan administration was 32.6 weeks. The median overall survival was 30.5 months, with a two-year survival rate of 56%. This study demonstrates that local delivery of irinotecan into the brain parenchyma offers a safe route of administration over systemic delivery in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Misuse and overuse of antibiotics comprise leading causes of antimicrobial resistance. The study aims to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription among primary healthcare general practitioners in the South Batinah Governorate of Oman. Method: A cross-sectional study of 600 antibiotic prescriptions issued in the South Batinah Governorate in 2019 was conducted to verify the triggering diagnoses and determine the appropriateness of the prescribed antibiotic. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between predictors and inappropriate use. Results: Respiratory infections accounted for 62% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 92.2% were inappropriately prescribed. Extended-spectrum antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed in 33.3% of cystitis cases, while 14.3% of gastroenteritis received incorrect spectrum of antibiotics. Amoxicillin represented 46.2% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 84.4% were unnecessarily prescribed. Lower inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rate was linked to patients ≥ 18 years (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.82]), those who underwent laboratory tests (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: [0.12, 0.39]), and consultations at health centers (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.79]). Arabic-speaking physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately. Conclusion: Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was frequently observed in mild respiratory infections and associated with specific patient and physician characteristics. Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions issued can be improved through enhanced testing capacities as well as implementation of physician and community awareness campaigns. Highlights: • Inappropriate prescriptions were common among respiratory symptoms. • Amoxicillin was the most common antibiotic prescribed inappropriately. • Laboratory–tested patients were less likely to receive inappropriate antibiotics. • Inappropriate antibiotics were commonly prescribed by Arabic-speaking physicians. • Health centers' primary care physicians rarely prescribe inappropriate antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated students’ perceptions about providing feedback and identified their preferred feedback methods. The study design comprised quantitative and qualitative approaches to ensure a better understanding of students’ perceptions and increase the study’s validity. A structured questionnaire was distributed in five higher education institutions (HEIs) in Oman, followed by a focus group discussion (FGD). A total of 614 students responded to the questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic text analysis. It was observed that although students understand the importance of feedback, they feel that the methods can be improved. Furthermore, HEIs did not share the outcomes with the students, and therefore, students believed that HEIs were not considering their comments. Whilst students preferred anonymous online surveys, they believed that inperson meetings would be even more useful. This paper looked at how the educational well-being of students in Oman can be improved through the development of methods of seeking feedback from institutions. Additionally, this result can be applied worldwide to improve feedback mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, drilling groundwater wells for irrigation, domestic, and industrial uses is increasing at a high rate in Saudi Arabia, meaning that groundwater is becoming a primary water resource. In the study region, over-exploitation and unsustainable performance severely deteriorate groundwater. Therefore, it is important to monitor the groundwater levels and quality as well as to detect the hydraulic parameters in order to plan and maintain groundwater sustainability. Knowledge of aquifer hydraulic parameters and groundwater quality is essential for the productivity planning of an aquifer. Therefore, this study carried out a thorough analysis on measured depth to groundwater data (2017 and 2022), borehole pumping test records, and chemical analysis of the collected water samples, especially in the presence of overexploitation and scarcity of recharge scale. To accomplish this aim, measurements of 113 groundwater wells (including 103 water samples) and analysis of 29 pumping tests between step and long-duration tests were made of all aquifer characteristics. These parameters consist of well loss, formation loss, well efficiency, specific capacity, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, resulted drawdown, and physiochemical parameters. Thematic maps were generated for all parameters using the geographic information system (GIS) and diagrams to strategize the groundwater productivity in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province. The estimated hydraulic parameters are highly variable. Four distinct portions were identified for aquifer potentiality based on these varying ranges. Both the north and east of the region are good for groundwater productivity due to good aquifer materials, whereas the southwestern and western portions have relatively poor values. The analyzed groundwater was categorized as fresh to slightly salty water, with two primary chemical types identified showing a prevalence of mixed NaCl and Ca-Mg-SO4/Cl water. Finally, groundwater productivity assessment predicts that the aquifers can support the Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah Province demand for several years if certain well distributions are adopted and for a few hours/day of pumping rate. The maps that have been created can be examined to aid in making decisions related to hydrology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents new proposed algorithms for generating digital signatures. The proposed algorithms based on coupling chaotic maps with Schnorr and Elgamal schemes to obtain the private key. These maps, including 2D henon, 2D tinkerbell, and Tent Sine System, generate a sequence of random iterations, each one is then converted into 256-bit integer to be fit as the private key. The key space is increased (2256) compared to the traditional Schnorr and Elgamal (2160) and there become a wide range of digital signatures corresponding to the random iterations. The key space development increases the security level of the signature scheme which in turn makes it difficult for any adversary to hack the scheme. Also, the results proved that our new algorithm takes less signing and verification time compared to other proposed algorithms. It was proved that our proposed algorithms don't require large number of keys for signing or verification. It is just one private key and another public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Hemorrhoids affect 75% of people worldwide. surgical hemorrhoidectomy remains the definitive intervention for severe cases. Postoperative wound care is critical, and alternative treatments, like Myrrh, are of growing interest due to their potential wound‐healing properties. This study aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and treatment outcomes of Myrrh sitz baths with standard clinical care in promoting wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out using medical records from Abha Private Hospital for the period of January–December 2022. The data of patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy were collected and categorized based on postoperative wound care into two groups: Group A for Myrrh‐based wound care as a self‐medication and Group B for standard wound care. Results: The study included 67 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy. Out of these patients, 52 had standard wound care, while 15 used Myrrh‐based wound care as self‐treatment without medical advice. The Myrrh group patients were significantly older with more comorbidities. The Myrrh group had significant Grade III wound healing outcomes 9/15 (60%) compared to the standard care group 2/52 (3.8%) (p < 0.001). However, despite the better healing outcomes, the Myrrh group had a significantly higher complication rate 7/15(46.7%) than the standard care group 1/52 (1.9%) (p < 0.001). These results indicate that despite the good healing capacity of Myrrh, cautious usage must be considered. Conclusion: Myrrh sitz baths appear more effective than standard wound care in enhancing healing after hemorrhoidectomy. However, increased complications suggest the necessity for comprehensive evaluation and research on its safety profile. These findings can guide future research and clinical practices related to postoperative wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored parents' attitudes towards vaccinating their children against COVID-19 and the rate of vaccine hesitancy in Oman. A cross-sectional, online, self-administered questionnaire, previously validated and administered between June 2021 and May 2022, was used. The questionnaire consisted of nine items. Parents of children younger than 12 years were eligible for participation. A total of 384 participants, including 207 males (54%), completed the questionnaire, resulting in an 86% response rate (384/447). The results showed that 69% of participants were hesitant to vaccinate their children aged 1–11 years. In parents of children aged 1–4 years, vaccination status was significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy (odds ratio [OR], 0.116; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.044–0.306; p = 0.001). Furthermore, after multivariable analysis, compared to the fathers, mothers were significantly less likely to be associated with vaccine hesitancy (OR, 0.451; 95% CI, 0.240–0.848; p = 0.013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number (NRCS-CN) method was developed in agricultural basins with slopes less than or equal to 5%. This research investigates the relationship between the basin slope and runoff depth in arid basins by the NRCS-CN method. The results show that there is a clear effect of the proposed curve number equation with slope (the slope adjusted CN, CNIIα) on the runoff depth in the studied basins, and this is consistent with the literature. However, large basin areas with a high percentage of alluvium area and vegetation, and high infiltration rates, counteract the slope of the basin, and consequently the basin slope will not have a significant effect on runoff. The correlation coefficient of various developed equations varies between 0.89 and 0.93 and the root mean square error of runoff depth varies between 11 mm for λ = 0.2 and 5.2 mm for λ = 0.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The escalating prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Qatar's pediatric population, especially in community-onset febrile urinary tract infections (FUTIs), necessitates a comprehensive investigation into this concerning trend. Results: Over the course of one year, a total of 459 infants were diagnosed and subsequently treated for UTIs. Cases primarily occurred in infants aged over 60 days, predominantly non-Qatari females born from term pregnancies. Notably, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the most frequently identified organisms, accounting for 79.7% and 9.8% in the ESBL group and 57.2% and 18.7% in the non-ESBL group, respectively. Interestingly, hydronephrosis emerged as the most prevalent urological anomaly detected in both ESBL (n = 10) and other organism (n = 19) groups. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study conducted in Qatar, we meticulously evaluated the prevalence of pediatric FUTIs. Our study focused on febrile infants aged less than 1 year, excluding those with urine samples not obtained through a catheter. Conclusions: E. coli and K. pneumoniae prevailed as the predominant causative agents in febrile children in Qatar, with hydronephrosis being identified as the most common urological anomaly. Moreover, our findings suggested that gentamicin served as a viable non-carbapenem option for hospitalized ESBL cases, while oral nitrofurantoin showed considerable promise for uncomplicated ESBL UTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every language has rules, laws, and systems that govern it. Usually, the more advanced generations establish them automatically. Then circumstances immediately change them for the next generation, and something similar to violating these rules and laws occurs, and the pronunciation of words or their meanings change. If the old system is immune, the change is considered modern. This study uses a descriptive and analytical approach by collecting data presented in the book by Dr. Atef Fadl Muhammad, then describing it, analyzing it, and responding to its errors. Some researchers go too far in this regard and consider what they deny about the change as a common mistake, and perhaps they need to catch the fact that this is true in Arabic because it is a direct standard and a dividing line for truth and error. This study proves that much of what researchers imagine (and the book above is an example of researchers' blogs) is not a common mistake but is true, supported by something that eliminates doubt. Whatever is true about the Arabs is accurate, and whatever contradicts their words is false. The words of the Arabs do not have the same level of power, but we do not judge anything that comes from them as false, regardless of the level of control. From this, we have seen many things recorded as common language mistakes, but they are true, and this is what this study is based on. This study monitors the frequency of researchers describing words and methods as common mistakes, discussing them, and whether all that is observed is an honest mistake or a belief contrary to the truth. This study concluded that these are simply beliefs and not facts, as many things recorded as false are aspects of what is true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a fundamental biological process that progressively impairs the functionality of the bodily systems, leading to an increased risk of diseases. Telomere length is one of the most often used biomarkers of aging. Recent research has focused on developing interventions to mitigate the effects of aging and improve the quality of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of exercise and Ramadan fasting on telomere length. Twenty-nine young, non-obese, healthy females were randomized into two groups: the control group underwent a 4-week exercise training program, and the second group underwent a 4-week exercise training program while fasting during Ramadan. Blood samples were collected, and measurements of clinical traits, cytokines, oxidative stress, and telomere length were performed before and after intervention. Telomere length increased significantly from baseline in the exercise-while-fasting group, but showed no significant change in the exercise control group. This increase was accompanied by a reduction in TNF-α, among other cytokines. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the mean change in telomere length and HDL in the exercise-while-fasting group only. This study is the first to report an increase in telomere length after combining Ramadan fasting with training, suggesting that exercising while fasting may be an effective tool for slowing down the aging rate. Further studies using larger and more diverse cohorts are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of plant-derived compounds for the management of oral cancer is encouraged by the scientific community due to emerging chemoresistance and conventional treatments adverse effects. Considering that very few studies investigated eugenol clinical relevance for gingival carcinoma, we ought to explore its selectivity and performance according to aggressiveness level. For this purpose, non-oncogenic human oral epithelial cells (GMSM-K) were used together with the Tongue (SCC-9) and Gingival (Ca9-22) squamous cell carcinoma lines to assess key tumorigenesis processes. Overall, eugenol inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation while inducing cytotoxicity in cancer cells as compared to normal counterparts. The recorded effect was greater in gingival carcinoma and appears to be mediated through apoptosis induction and promotion of p21/p27/cyclin D1 modulation and subsequent Ca9-22 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, in a p53-independent manner. At these levels, distinct genetic profiles were uncovered for both cell lines by QPCR array. Moreover, it seems that our active component limited Ca9-22 and SCC-9 cell migration respectively through MMP1/3 downregulation and stimulation of inactive MMPs complex formation. Finally, Ca9-22 behaviour appears to be mainly modulated by the P38/STAT5/NFkB pathways. In summary, we can disclose that eugenol is cancer selective and that its mediated anti-cancer mechanisms vary according to the cell line with gingival squamous cell carcinoma being more sensitive to this phytotherapy agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perthes disease is a condition that affects walking patterns in young children due to poor blood circulation in the hip joint. Understanding the gait strategies of affected children is of great importance for an objective assessment and better management of this condition. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature to identify gait compensation patterns in non-operative children with Perthes disease. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published from inception up until December 2023. An adapted Downs and Black checklist was utilised to assess methodological quality and project risk of bias. Percentage agreement and nominal kappa statistics with bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Result: A comprehensive literature search revealed 277 citations for review, of which 210 studies entered full-text screening. In total, eight studies met the inclusion criteria for quality assessment by two independent reviewers. The results revealed variations in data quality, with scores ranging from 12 to 17 due to missing information related to subject characteristics, biomechanical model, and power calculation. Conclusions: This review reveals common compensation strategies associated with walking among non-operative children with Perthes disease such as Trendelenburg gait due to weakness of the hip abductor muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescents, comprising 1.2 billion globally, face unique challenges during the transformative phase of sexual maturation. This review emphasizes the prevalence of premarital sexual behavior among adolescents, with a focus on Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Arab nations. The vulnerable nature of this age group is underscored, considering the risks of unsafe abortions, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: The primary objective is to offer a comprehensive understanding of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. By synthesizing recent developments and key findings, this review aims to inform specialists and non-specialists, foster societal dialogue, and serve as a resource for scholars and practitioners interested in adolescent sexual health. Methods: Utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar, an extensive literature search spanning 2018 to 2023 focused on keywords such as “adolescent AND sex” The inclusion criteria involved articles directly aligned with the review’s scope, leading to the identification of 20 relevant articles. Results: Factors influencing adolescent sexual behavior, and the impact of cultural, religious, and societal norms were explored. The importance of sex education, particularly comprehensive sexuality education, in addressing premarital sexual behavior emerged as a critical theme. The impact on adolescent health, both physical and mental, was also highlighted. Conclusions: Premarital sexual behavior among adolescents is a complex issue influenced by various internal and external factors. Comprehensive sexuality education, incorporating cultural and religious teachings, is crucial in promoting healthy decision-making and preventing negative consequences. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing discussions, further research, and improved sexual health education globally [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cat states, as an important resource in the study of macroscopic quantum superposition and quantum information applications, have garnered widespread attention. To date, preparing large-sized optical cat states has remained challenging. We demonstrate that, by utilizing interaction-free measurement and the quantum Zeno effect, even a fragile quantum microscopic system can deterministically control and become entangled with strong light fields, thereby generating large-amplitude optical cat states. During the entire preparation process, our method ensures that the microscopic system functions within a weak field environment, so that its quantum property can be protected. Furthermore, we show that the preparation of cat states is possible even when the quantum microsystem suffers from significant photon loss, provided that optical losses from classical devices are kept low, which implies that the fidelity of the cat state can be enhanced by improvements to and the perfection of the classical optical system. In quantum physics, superposition—illustrated by Schrödinger's cat being both dead and alive—inspires 'cat states', utilized in quantum technologies. The authors propose a theory where the optical state, through multiple indirect atom interactions in an interferometric setup, can generate large-amplitude optical cat states, advancing quantum applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to assess Omani teachers' performance on tasks related to the stages of engineering design. To achieve this, data from an engineering design test was used, and demographic variables that are correlated with this performance were identified. Design/methodology/approach: This descriptive study employed a cross-sectional design and the collection of quantitative data. A sample of preservice science teachers from Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) (n = 70) participated in this study. Findings: Findings showed low and moderate levels of proficiency related to the stages of engineering design. Differences between males and females in terms of performance on engineering design tasks were found, with females scoring higher overall on the assessment. Biology preservice teachers scored higher than teachers from the other two majors (physics and chemistry) in two subscales. There were also differences between teachers studying in the Bachelor of Science (BSc) program and the teacher qualification diploma (TQD) program. Originality/value: This study provides an overview, in an Arab setting, of preservice science teachers' proficiency with engineering design process (EDP) tasks. It is hoped that the results may lead to improved instruction in science teacher training programs in similar contexts. Additionally, this research demonstrates how EDP competency relates to preservice teacher gender, major and preparation program. Findings from this study will contribute to the growing body of research investigating the strengths and shortcomings of teacher education programs in relation to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a portable and quantitative solution for clinical movement analysis. However, their application in non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) remains underexplored. This study compared the spine and pelvis kinematics obtained from IMUs between individuals with and without NSLBP and across clinical subgroups of NSLBP. A total of 81 participants with NSLBP with flexion (FP; n = 38) and extension (EP; n = 43) motor control impairment and 26 controls (No-NSLBP) completed 10 repetitions of spine movements (flexion, extension, lateral flexion). IMUs were placed on the sacrum, fourth and second lumbar vertebrae, and seventh cervical vertebra to measure inclination at the pelvis, lower (LLx) and upper (ULx) lumbar spine, and lower cervical spine (LCx), respectively. At each location, the range of movement (ROM) was quantified as the range of IMU orientation in the primary plane of movement. The ROM was compared between NSLBP and No-NSLBP using unpaired t-tests and across FP-NSLBP, EP-NSLBP, and No-NSLBP subgroups using one-way ANOVA. Individuals with NSLBP exhibited a smaller ROM at the ULx (p = 0.005), LLx (p = 0.003) and LCx (p = 0.01) during forward flexion, smaller ROM at the LLx during extension (p = 0.03), and a smaller ROM at the pelvis during lateral flexion (p = 0.003). Those in the EP-NSLBP group had smaller ROM than those in the No-NSLBP group at LLx during forward flexion (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.005), extension (p = 0.013), and lateral flexion (p = 0.038), and a smaller ROM at the pelvis during lateral flexion (p = 0.005). Those in the FP-NSLBP subgroup had smaller ROM than those in the No-NSLBP group at the ULx during forward flexion (p = 0.024). IMUs detected variations in kinematics at the trunk, lumbar spine, and pelvis among individuals with and without NSLBP and across clinical NSLBP subgroups during flexion, extension, and lateral flexion. These findings consistently point to reduced ROM in NSLBP. The identified subgroup differences highlight the potential of IMU for assessing spinal and pelvic kinematics in these clinically verified subgroups of NSLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge data analytics refers to processing near data sources at the edge of the network to reduce delays in data transmission and, consequently, enable real-time interactions. However, data analytics at the edge introduces numerous security risks that can impact the data being processed. Thus, safeguarding sensitive data from being exposed to illegitimate users is crucial to avoiding uncertainties and maintaining the overall quality of the service offered. Most existing edge security models have considered attacks during data analysis as an afterthought. In this paper, an overview of edge data analytics in healthcare, traffic management, and smart city use cases is provided, including the possible attacks and their impacts on edge data analytics. Further, existing models are investigated to understand how these attacks are handled and research gaps are identified. Finally, research directions to enhance data analytics at the edge are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major cause of concern for workplace safety for healthcare workers. The prevalence of nurses with MSDs is particularly high. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and explore the associated factors of MSDs among nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was used to examine 125 nurses using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results: We sampled 125 nurses working in different units. We found that the main age group is between 31 and 40 years old (58.4%), mostly female (79.2%), majority are married (80.8%) and have children (76.8%). Nurses in this sample work at different departments, majority are working in the orthopedic unit (18.4%). The minimum years of experience was 1 year, and the maximum was 33 years. Upper back pain was the most reported complaint (7.2%). Out of the 125 nurses 87 had symptoms of MSDs at a prevalence of 0.696. Three factors were found to have a relationship with workplace-related MSDs: working in the same position for long periods of time (p = 0.007), having lift-and-transfer- dependent patients (p = 0.023), and being forced to work harder under the condition of staff shortage (p = 0.062). None of the demographic and work-related characteristics were found to be related to MSDs. Conclusion: MSDs are very prevalent among nurses in Oman. The factors of developing MSDs are work related regardless of the demographic or workplace characteristics. Healthcare institutions shall implement preventive and rehabilitative measures to help nurses have better musculoskeletal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a term collectively used to describe the radiation treatment techniques that allow for the delivery of highly precise ionizing radiation. It is usually a high dose per session in single or few fractions. This treatment approach has been in medical use for over six decades and has primarily evolved in the last two decades. Many patients benefit from this unique non‐conventional radiotherapy approach. Its indications include various malignant, benign and functional problems in cranial and body sites. This technique is not widespread in developing countries compared to developed countries. This work is an educational narrative review for learners in radiation oncology. We aim to share the knowledge of this practice to improve precision radiation oncology globally. This review summarizes the basics of stereotactic radiotherapy, the technical prerequisites, the clinical considerations, the practical recommendations and the learning points from each site‐specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of nanotechnology has been instrumental in the development of new drugs with novel targets. Recently, metallic nanoparticles have emerged as potential candidates to combat the threat of drug-resistant infections. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the dreadful complications of diabetes mellitus due to the colonization of numerous drug-resistant pathogenic microbes leading to biofilm formation. Biofilms are difficult to treat due to limited penetration and non-specificity of drugs. Therefore, in the current investigation, SnO2 nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Artemisia vulgaris (AvTO-NPs) as a stabilizing agent and were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the efficacy of AvTO-NPs against biofilms and virulence factors of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains isolated from DFUs was assessed. AvTO-NPs displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL against four strains of C. albicans. AvTO-NPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation by 54.8%–87%, germ tube formation by 72%–90%, cell surface hydrophobicity by 68.2%–82.8%, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by 69%–86.3% in the test strains at respective 1/2xMIC. Biosynthesized NPs were effective in disrupting established mature biofilms of test strains significantly. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the AvTO-NPs-treated C. albicans could be the possible cause of cell death leading to biofilm inhibition. The useful insights of the present study could be exploited in the current line of treatment to mitigate the threat of biofilm-related persistent DFUs and expedite wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many issues about the use of transcripts for studying classroom interactions have been addressed in other studies, little attention has been given to the use of transcripts to study student teachers' classroom interactions. To achieve a deeper understanding of student teachers' perspectives and permit the formulation of a more appropriate framework, it is crucial to hear from student teachers and investigate their experiences about the use of transcripts. Therefore, in the study reported on here we used 7 focus-group interviews of approximately 6 Saudi EFL (English as a foreign language) student teachers in each group to investigate their perceptions on the use of transcripts for studying their classroom interactions. The data were thematically analysed. Three themes that represented the participants' experiences of using transcripts to study their classroom interactions emerged: using the transcript analysis, learning from the transcript analysis, and committing to using the transcript analysis. The findings reveal that most participants felt they had autonomy in using transcripts to study their classroom interactions, but experienced some challenges. Most students were determined to change their classroom interaction based on their analyses of classroom interactions but only a few demonstrated the determination to continue using the transcript analysis approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim of the study: To compare early versus interval LC in the treatment of acute benign gallbladder disease with their subsequent benefits or hazards with focused monitoring of the perioperative outcome and in-hospital economic burden, as the time-setting of surgery remains an area of considerable variation despite laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) being the definitive management. The precise cut-off time beyond which it is not advisable to operate on these patients has yet to be conclusively defined in the literature. Patients and methods: Using data from a prospective multicentric study conducted on nine hundred patients with ACC examining the outcomes of LC (either early or interval) with focusing on the cost-effectiveness and perioperative outcomes. Results: Six hundred patients of group A had early LC While three hundred patients had interval LC. Females represented 73.3% of all studied populations. Patients with WBCs > 11000 were 450. there was a statistically significant decrease of operative time in group B when compared to group A (84.63 ± 9.82 vs 109.30 ± 9.65 minutes respectively). Higher hospital costs were observed in group B than in the other one. There was a statistically significant decrease of LOS in group A when compared to group B (3.76 ± 1.07 vs 9.36 ± 1.47 days, respectively). Earlier return to work was noticed in group A with a significant difference. Conclusion: Early LC in ACC is a feasible solution with a low complication rate, short hospital stays, and less cost. The benefits of this approach will likely be improved health outcomes for patients and cost savings for healthcare providers. Interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an alternative solution especially when equipment or experience are lacking but carry the risk of readmission or more attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children is a very common problem managed in pediatric urology. In this study, we present the prevalence of NE in children in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of NE among 555 Saudi children aged 5–15 years in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done through a questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic data, personal knowledge, enuresis-related characteristics, risk factors, and management modalities. Results: This study identified a prevalence of enuresis of 24% of the study population, most of whom were boys. The majority of the parents had a high educational level. Clinical characteristics of the study population showed: 9% have a family history of NE, 2.2% have a history of neurological disorder, 10.0% have a history of urinary tract infections, 66.8% have associated daytime urgency, 67% have urine-holding behavior, and 19.5% have associated daytime enuresis of the study population. Conclusion: Our study found that 24% of children in the Aseer region in Saudi Arabia have NE. Our study finding helps us to understand the prevalence of NE in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia, and this can be applied to other regions in the kingdom. Furthermore, this finding helps us to understand the need to raise awareness in the community about NE and the need to educate the nonpediatric urologist health-care provider about the best management practice for NE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Oman, the Arabian Gazelle Gazella arabica is known to be distributed in the Hajar mountains of the north, desert plains in central of Oman, and Jabal Samhan foothills & Nejd area in the south. We report the first confirmed record of the Arabian Gazelle on Masirah island, 15 km off the mainland of eastern Oman. This finding was part of a national survey of biodiversity in Oman in which 29 camera traps were set to survey the majority of the island which covers about 400 km2. Only two camera traps detected Arabian Gazelle, in an area covering only 22 km2. The survey on the island suggests that the population is small and isolated. Future research studies are required both in the field of ecology and genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are members of the Camelini tribe within the Camelidae family. They are distributed throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Southeast Asia. This domestic species is characterized by its superior adaptability to the harsh desert environment. In this study, whole autosomal data of 29 dromedary samples from the Southeast Arabian Peninsula in Oman; 10 from Muscat, 14 from Al-Batinah, and 5 from Al-Sharqiya, were investigated to assess their genetic relationship and to define candidate signatures of positive selection. A minimal genetic distinction that separates Muscat dromedaries from the other two populations was observed, with a degree of genetic admixture between them. Using the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) approach, a total of 47 candidate regions within the autosomes of these dromedary populations were defined with signatures of positive selection. These candidate regions harbor a total of 154 genes that are mainly associated with functional categories related to immune response, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure, optical and auditory functions, and long-term memory. Different functional genomic variants were called on the candidate regions and respective genes that warrant further investigation to find possible association with the different favorable phenotypes in dromedaries. The output of this study paves the way for further research efforts aimed at defining markers for use in genomic breeding programs, with the goal of conserving the genetic diversity of the species and enhancing its productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired self-awareness (ISA) is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can significantly impact safe road-crossing. Road-crossing interventions are variable and involve high-risk real-world situations. Virtual reality (VR)-based road-crossing can elicit changes in real-world functioning but has not been trialled in the TBI population. The primary objective of this research was to explore whether VR-based self-paced treadmill technology offers a safe road-crossing assessment mechanism for people with TBI. Three participants with TBI completed two road-crossing pilot-trials using a VR-based self-paced treadmill. Avatar feedback and verbal feedback were provided between trials. Participants were provided with a safe road-crossing strategy for the second pilot-trial. The Researcher and Participant evaluated road-crossing following each trial using the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory and the number of safe road-crossings to assess changes in self-evaluation and performance between trials. One of the participants perceived improvements in self-evaluation and performance in the second pilot-trial. All participants attempted to apply the safe road-crossing strategy advised. No safety issues were identified using the VR-based self-paced treadmill within this study's protocol thereby supporting the primary objective of the work. Future research is warranted to strengthen the evidence-base for using VR to elicit improvements in ISA in road-crossing and in generalising findings to the wider TBI population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan is considered one of the most abundant polysaccharide in the world. Therefore, it has several applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the structure of chitosan may limit its solubility and bioavailability. The current study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan by combining it with vitamin E nanoemulsion (CH-NE-vitE). The structural, thermal stability, and physical differences between chitosan and its new derivative were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of CH-NE-vitE against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida krusei and Enterobacter hormaechei were examined using disc and well diffusion methods in addition to the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphology changes in the treated microbes were visualized using the SEM. The characterization of CH-NEvitE exhibited noticeable changes in the chitosan physical properties and chemical structure including increased solubility, interaction rates, and stability. The new derivative has inhibited the growth of both S. aureus, and C. krusei while promoting the growth of E. hormaechei. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against the S. aureus, and C. krusei were 1.563 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. The produced CH-NE-vitE can be used in drug delivery, dermal products, and food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a deterministic predator–prey compartmental model to investigate the impact of their velocities on their interactions. Prey hides in a refuge area and comes out of this area when predation pressure declines. To avoid predation, prey can limit their velocity. For antipredator behaviour, we examined that prey mortality increases when either predator or prey velocity increases while raising antipredator behaviour increases prey density. We proved that predator free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and co-existing equilibrium will be globally stable under certain conditions. We find that transcritical bifurcations occur at predator-free equilibrium at the certain value of the death rate of the predator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless pressure insoles may enable the assessment of movement biomechanics in a real-world setting, and thus play an important role in the recommendation of clinical management, but they are not yet a gold standard due to the unknown accuracy and reliability with respect to different functional activities. Here, we compare novel wireless pressure insoles with force plates and examine the test–retest reliability of the insoles for measuring vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) and trajectories of the center of pressure (COP). In this observational study, healthy adults underwent two data collection sessions during one day. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to compare the outcomes measured with the two instruments during squats, jumps, and the sit-to-stand test. Test–retest reliability was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient and the standard error of measurement for the outcomes during squats, jumps, walking, and stair ambulation. Trajectories of the COP in the anterior–posterior direction were comparable between the two systems during all activities. The insoles consistently measured shorter trajectories of the COP in the medial–lateral direction (except jumps) and lower vGRFs than the force plates. Test–retest reliability of the insoles was fair to high or excellent for all outcomes during all activities. In conclusion, the insoles provide reliable measures of vGRFs and trajectories of the COP during multiple functional activities in healthy adults. Although the insoles do not produce identical results to the force plate, the qualitative similarity and consistency between the two systems confirm the insoles can be used to measure these outcomes, based on the purpose and accuracy required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical activity-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. This study aimed to determine the impact of short-term moderate physical activity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and telomere length in lean/overweight young subjects.Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 368 participants at Qatar Biobank. Based on their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), participants were categorized as insulin sensitive (IS) or insulin resistant (IR). Subsequently, they were divided into four groups: sedentary IS (n = 90), sedentary IR (n = 90), moderately active IS (n = 94), and moderately active IR (n = 94). Moderate physical activity was defined as walking at least two days per week for more than 150 minutes, as determined by physical activity questionnaires. Serum samples were analyzed for circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α), as well as antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and catalase). Telomere lengths were measured in the respective DNA samples.Results: Moderately active IR participants exhibited significantly lower SOD activity, while catalase activity did not show significant differences. Moderately active IS participants had higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels compared to sedentary IS participants, with no significant differences observed in the IR counterparts. Telomere length did not significantly differ between the physically active and sedentary groups.Conclusion: This study highlights the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of moderate physical activity in individuals with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. However, no significant changes in telomere length were observed, suggesting a complex relationship between physical activity and the aging process. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the balance between anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation through exercise and lifestyle adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis (LNH), we try to relate the Drake equation with the extra-terrestrial intelligence (ETI), specifically in terms of cognitive science. This argument has been drawn from the ratio of smallest time scale (i.e. 40 Hz oscillation in neuronal system of brain) to the smallest timescale (i.e. the Planck time in the present universe) which provides a very large dimensionless number 1 0 4 0 . Under this LNH, we emphasize on the issue of the alien equation of Drake and provide a modified version of it by considering consciousness of the ETI. Thus, the Drake equation, which basically represents a statistical conjecture with random and arbitrary values, can be related with a feasible as well as applicable background philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]