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Semigroup (SG) is a prominent algebraic structure having an associative binary operation. The theories of fuzzy sets (FSs) and rough sets (RSs) are invented to combat the uncertainty and vagueness of the data. Furthermore, the notion of the bipolar fuzzy set (BFS) is one of the significant generalizations that can accommodate the fuzziness, uncertainty and bipolarity of the data in real-life dilemmas. This article aims to study the roughness of (α , β) -bipolar fuzzy ideals ( (α , β) - BFI s) in SGs. In this article, firstly, we will portray the characterization of SGs based on their (α , β) - BFI s, and then this idea is expanded to the approximations of (∈ , ∈ ∨ q) - BFI s in SGs by defining a congruence relation (CR) on the SG. Besides, it becomes apparent that CR and complete CR (CCR) are crucial in constructing rough approximations of (α , β) -BFIs. Consequently, their respective features are analyzed via CR and CCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse. The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems. Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity. The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection. The characteristics (or sub-attributes) that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties. To tackle these problems, a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set ( ρ ^ -set), which is initially described, is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez's method. Following this, an intelligent algorithm is suggested. The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself. The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed, and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability. This study's strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters' nature and alternative approximations, respectively. It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature. It is simpler for the decision-makers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain. Comparing the computed results, it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of outliers on the evolution of clusters in temporal data-sets. Monitoring and tracing cluster transitions of temporal data sets allow us to observe how clusters evolve and change over time. By tracking the movement of data points between clusters, we can gain insights into the underlying patterns, trends, and dynamics of the data. This understanding is essential for making informed decisions and drawing meaningful conclusions from the clustering results. Cluster evolution refers to the changes that occur in the clustering results over time due to the arrival of new data points. The changes in cluster solutions are classified as external and internal transitions. The study employs the survival ratio and history cost function to investigate the effects of outliers on changes experienced by the clusters at successive time points. The results demonstrate that outliers have a significant impact on cluster evolution, and appropriate outlier handling techniques are necessary to obtain reliable clustering results. The findings of this study provide useful insights for practitioners and researchers in the field of stream clustering and can help guide the development of more robust and accurate stream clustering algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rough sets (RSs) and fuzzy sets (FSs) are designed to tackle the uncertainty in the data. By taking into account the control or reference parameters, the linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LD-FS) is a novel approach to decision making (DM), broadens the previously dominant theories of the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), Pythagorean fuzzy set (PyFS), and q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS), and allows for a more flexible representation of uncertain data. A promising avenue for RS theory is to investigate RSs within the context of LD-FS, where LD-FSs are approximated by an intuitionistic fuzzy relation (IFR). The major goal of this article is to create a novel method of roughness for LD-FSs employing an IFR over dual universes. The notions of lower and upper approximations of an LD-FS are established by using an IFR, and some axiomatic systems are carefully investigated in detail. Moreover, a link between LD-FRSs and linear Diophantine fuzzy topology (LDF-topology) has been established. Eventually, based on lower and upper approximations of an LD-FS, several similarity relations are investigated. Meanwhile, we apply the recommended model of LD-FRSs over dual universes for solving the DM problem. Furthermore, a real-life case study is given to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of our designed approach. Finally, we conduct a detailed comparative analysis with certain existing methods to explore the effectiveness and superiority of the established technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a novel virus that has spread globally, and governments around the world often implement different strategies to prevent its spread. In the literature, several COVID-19 models have been studied with the bilinear incident rate. In this study, the S1V1E1I1Q1R1 (susceptible-vaccinated-exposed-infective-quarantined-recovered) COVID-19 model is proposed. To investigate how the disease spreads in the population, an algorithm is used. The efficacy of the algorithm is used to calculate the disease-free equilibrium point. A next generation matrix technique is used to find R0. Furthermore, to check the effect of parameters on the basic reproduction number (R0), the sensitivity analysis is conducted. Numerical simulation displays that the disease spreads in the population by increasing the value of the contact rate β while the disease spread in the population reduces by increasing the value of the vaccination rate θ, quarantine rate ϕ, and recovery rate γ. Different optimal control strategies, such as social distance and quick isolation, are also implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding patches is a crucial step in a pavement performance survey. The study develops a machine learning and image processing algorithm-established automatic method for identifying asphalt pavement patches. The GrayLevel Co-Occurrence Matrix and image texture-based features derived from color channel statistics are used as input parameters to describe the condition of the pavement. For feature extraction, image processing methods like the projective integral of images, steerable filters, and an improved image thresholding method were used. Support Vector Machine is employed for categorizing the differentiating patched regions from non-patch ones. The suggested combination of image texture analytical methods has been trained using an IA data set created from 400 image samples. The feature set, which combines the characteristics of cracked objects with those generated from the projective integral, can produce the desired result. To make the model's execution simpler, a patch recognition program was created and implemented in MATLAB. As a result, the recently created method has the potential to be an instrument for traffic management organizations through the assessment of pavement performance. The results of the experiments indicate that the newly developed method may achieve excellent accuracy prediction results with a classifier performance rate of about 96%. Such a method could enable transportation authorities to assess the state of asphalt pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a robust technique utilized in safety-critical applications to enhance fault-tolerance and reliability. This article focuses on estimating the distribution parameters of a TMR system under step-stress partially accelerated life tests, where each component included in the system follows a Lomax distribution. The study aims to analyze the system's reliability and mean residual lifetime based on the estimated parameters. Various estimation techniques, including maximum likelihood, percentile, least squares, and maximum product of spacings, are explored. Additionally, the optimal stress change time is determined using two criteria. An illustrative example supported by two actual data sets is presented to showcase the methodology's application. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the assessment of the estimation methods' effectiveness reveals that the maximum likelihood method outperforms the other three methods in terms of both accuracy and performance, as indicated by the numerical outcomes. This research contributes to the understanding and practical implementation of TMR systems in safety-critical industries, potentially saving lives and preventing catastrophic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Decision-Theoretic Rough Set model stands as a compelling advancement in the realm of rough sets, offering a broader scope of applicability. This approach, deeply rooted in Bayesian theory, contributes significantly to delineating regions of minimal risk. Within the Decision-Theoretic Rough Set paradigm, the universal set undergoes a tripartite division, where distinct regions emerge and losses are intelligently distributed through the utilization of membership functions. This research endeavors to present an enhanced and more encompassing iteration of the Decision-Theoretic Rough Set framework. Our work culminates in the creation of the Generalized Intuitionistic Decision-Theoretic Rough Set (GI-DTRS), a fusion that melds the principles of Decision-Theoretic Rough Sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Notably, this synthesis bridges the gaps that exist within the conventional approach. The innovation lies in the incorporation of an error function tailored to the hesitancy grade inherent in intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This integration harmonizes seamlessly with the contours of the membership function. Furthermore, our methodology deviates from established norms by constructing similarity classes based on similarity measures, as opposed to relying on equivalence classes. This shift holds particular relevance in the context of aggregating information systems, effectively circumventing the challenges associated with the process. To demonstrate the practical efficacy of our proposed approach, we delve into a concrete experiment within the information technology domain. Through this empirical exploration, the real-world utility of our approach becomes vividly apparent. Additionally, a comprehensive comparative analysis is undertaken, juxtaposing our approach against existing techniques for aggregation and decision modeling. The culmination of our efforts is a well-rounded article, punctuated by the insights, recommendations, and future directions delineated by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplier selection as a multiattribute decision-making (MADM) problem has various inherent uncertainties due to a number of symmetrical variables. In order to handle such information-based uncertainties, rational models like intuitionistic fuzzy sets have already been introduced in the literature. However, a picture fuzzy set (PiFS) with four dimensions of positive, neutral, negative, and rejection is better at capturing and interpreting such kinds of ambiguous information. Additionally, fuzzy parameterization (FPara) is helpful for evaluating the degree of uncertainty in the parameters. This study aims to develop a fuzzy parameterized picture fuzzy soft set (FpPiFSS) by integrating the ideas of PiFS and FPara. This integration is more adaptable and practical since it helps decision makers manage approximation depending on their objectivity and parameterization uncertainty. With the assistance of instructive examples, some of the set-theoretic operations are examined. A decision support framework is constructed using matrix manipulation, preferential weighting, fuzzy parameterized grades based on Pythagorean means, and the approximations of decision makers. This framework proposes a reliable algorithm to evaluate four timber suppliers (initially scrutinized by perusal process) based on eight categorical parameters for real estate projects. In order to accomplish suppliers evaluation, crucial validation outcomes are taken into account, including delivery level, purchase cost, capacity, product quality, lead time, green degree, location, and flexibility. To assess the advantages, dependability, and flexibility of the recommended strategy, comparisons in terms of computation and structure are provided. Consequently, the results are found to be reliable, analog, and consistent despite the use of fuzzy parameterization and picture fuzzy setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitionistic fuzzy information is a potent tool for medical diagnosis applications as it can represent imprecise and uncertain data. However, making decisions based on this information can be challenging due to its inherent ambiguity. To overcome this, power aggregation operators can effectively combine various sources of information, including expert opinions and patient data, to arrive at a more accurate diagnosis. The timely and accurate diagnosis of medical conditions is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plans and improving patient outcomes. In this paper, we developed a novel approach for the three-way decision model by utilizing decision-theoretic rough sets and power aggregation operators. The decision-theoretic rough set approach is essential in medical diagnosis as it can manage vague and uncertain data. The redesign of the model using interval-valued classes for intuitionistic fuzzy information further improved the accuracy of the diagnoses. The intuitionistic fuzzy power weighted average (IFPWA) and intuitionistic fuzzy power weighted geometric (IFPWG) aggregation operators are used to aggregate the attribute values of the information system. The established operators are used to combine information within the intuitionistic fuzzy information system. The outcomes of various alternatives are then transformed into interval-valued classes through discretization. Bayesian decision rules, incorporating expected loss factors, are subsequently generated based on this foundation. This approach helps in effectively combining various sources of information to arrive at more accurate diagnoses. The proposed approach is validated through a medical case study where the participants are classified into three different regions based on their symptoms. In conclusion, the decision-theoretic rough set approach, along with power aggregation operators, can effectively manage vague and uncertain information in medical diagnosis applications. The proposed approach can lead to timely and accurate diagnoses, thereby improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets have been proven to be highly effective at handling uncertain data and have gained importance in decision-making processes. Torra's hesitant fuzzy model, on the other hand, offers a more generalized approach to fuzzy sets. Both of these frameworks have demonstrated their efficiency in decision algorithms, with numerous scholars contributing established theories to this research domain. In this paper, recognizing the significance of these frameworks, we amalgamated their principles to create a novel model known as Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy sets. Additionally, we undertook an exploration of Aczel–Alsina aggregation operators within this innovative context. This exploration resulted in the development of a series of aggregation operators, including Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy Aczel–Alsina weighted average, Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted average, and Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy Aczel–Alsina hybrid weighted average operators. Our research also involved a detailed analysis of the effects of two crucial parameters: λ , associated with Aczel–Alsina aggregation operators, and N, related to Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy sets. These parameter variations were shown to have a profound impact on the ranking of alternatives, as visually depicted in the paper. Furthermore, we delved into the realm of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a prominent and emerging network technology. Our paper comprehensively explored how our proposed model could be applied in the context of WSNs, particularly in the context of selecting the optimal gateway node, which holds significant importance for companies operating in this domain. In conclusion, we wrapped up the paper with the authors' suggestions and a comprehensive summary of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a robust technique utilized in safety-critical applications to enhance fault-tolerance and reliability. This article focuses on estimating the distribution parameters of a TMR system under step-stress partially accelerated life tests, where each component included in the system follows a Lomax distribution. The study aims to analyze the system's reliability and mean residual lifetime based on the estimated parameters. Various estimation techniques, including maximum likelihood, percentile, least squares, and maximum product of spacings, are explored. Additionally, the optimal stress change time is determined using two criteria. An illustrative example supported by two actual data sets is presented to showcase the methodology's application. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the assessment of the estimation methods' effectiveness reveals that the maximum likelihood method outperforms the other three methods in terms of both accuracy and performance, as indicated by the numerical outcomes. This research contributes to the understanding and practical implementation of TMR systems in safety-critical industries, potentially saving lives and preventing catastrophic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an artificial neural network based on the Cuckoo search algorithm (CS-ANN) is implemented for squeezing flow problems. Three problems are considered: the squeezing flow, the MHD squeezing flow, and the flow of the third-grade fluid past a moving belt. First, the approximation for the said nonlinear differential equations is explained and the proposed problems are transformed into the L 2 norms of minimization problems. Then, a well-known Cuckoo search algorithm is used to minimize the norms of each problem to get the best set of weights for artificial neural networks. The outcome of the proposed method is displayed through graphs. Two cases for each problem are discussed consisting of the solution, error, weights, and fitness function, respectively. The numerical results for the state variables are displayed in Tables. The error analysis in each case proves the accuracy of our implemented technique. The results are validated through graphs by comparing CS-ANN results with the gradient descent method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity recognition (HAR) is the process of interpreting human activities with the help of electronic devices such as computer and machine version technology. Humans can be explained or clarified as gestures, behavior, and activities that are recorded by sensors. In this manuscript, we concentrate on studying the problem of HAR; for this, we use the proposed theory of Aczel and Alsina, such as Aczel–Alsina (AA) norms, and the derived theory of Choquet, such as the Choquet integral in the presence of Atanassov interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (AIVIF) set theory for evaluating the novel concept of AIVIF Choquet integral AA averaging (AIVIFC-IAAA), AIVIF Choquet integral AA ordered averaging (AIVIFC-IAAOA), AIVIF Choquet integral AA hybrid averaging (AIVIFC-IAAHA), AIVIF Choquet integral AA geometric (AIVIFC-IAAG), AIVIF Choquet integral AA ordered geometric (AIVIFC-IAAOG), and AIVIF Choquet integral AA hybrid geometric (AIVIFC-IAAHG) operators. Many essential characteristics of the presented techniques are shown, and we also identify their properties with some results. Additionally, we take advantage of the above techniques to produce a technique to evaluate the HAR multiattribute decision-making complications. We derive a functional model for HAR problems to justify the evaluated approaches and to demonstrate their supremacy and practicality. Finally, we conduct a comparison between the proposed and prevailing techniques for the legitimacy of the invented methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past investigations utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated that cocaine use disorder (CUD) yields white matter changes, primarily in the corpus callosum. By applying Bayesian model averaging using multiple linear regression in DTI, we demonstrate there may exist relationships between the impaired white matter and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) polymorphisms. This work explored the two-way and three-way interactions between GAD1a (SNP: rs1978340) and GAD1b (SNP: rs769390) polymorphisms and years of cocaine use (YCU). GAD1a was associated with more frontal white matter changes on its own but GAD1b was associated with more midbrain and cerebellar changes as well as a greater increase in white matter changes in the context of chronic cocaine use. The three-way interaction GAD1a|GAD1b|YCU appeared to be roughly an average of the polymorphism two-way interactions GAD1a|YCU and GAD1b|YCU. The three-way interaction demonstrated multiple regions including corpus callosum which featured fewer significant voxel changes, perhaps suggesting a small protective effect of having both polymorphisms on corpus callosum and cerebellar peduncle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]