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Objective: To explore the relationships between hypertension and modifiable risk factors such as daily smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in young adults. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Akhtar Saeed Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 2022 to Dec 2022. Material & Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample population of 500 individuals, aged 18-39. A standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on tobacco usage, physical activity level, parental history of hypertension, and other relevant demographic information. Additional assessments such as dietary habits were conducted through face-to-face interviews. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between hypertension and various risk factors, controlling for age, gender and BMI categories. Results: The study corroborated the significant association between daily smoking and hypertension (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.4, p = 0.001) and revealed an 80% increase in hypertension risk associated with a sedentary lifestyle (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7, χ² = 8.21, p = 0.004). Obesity was also strongly associated with hypertension (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.1–4.8, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between males and females in terms of hypertension risk. Conclusion: Hypertension is significantly associated with smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adnexal tumors of the skin are a large and diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms, which exhibit morphological differentiation toward one of the different types of adnexal epithelium present in normal skin and they pose a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this study is to share our experience with these rare but aggressive tumors at a tertiary care cancer hospital in a developing country. A retrospective review of 11 patients diagnosed with rare adnexal tumors and their variants from January 2005 to December 2014, treated either surgically or non-surgically, was performed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of the disease.Case Presentation: A total of 11 patients were diagnosed with adnexal carcinoma and its variants: a 34-year-old Sindhi man, a 59-year-old Punjabi woman, a 32-year-old woman from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a 43-year-old Punjabi woman, a 64-year-old Punjabi man, a 51-year-old man from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a 51-year-old Punjabi woman, a 74-year-old Punjabi woman, a 75-year-old Punjabi man, a 61-year-old man from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and a 53-year-old man from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The histological variations were sebaceous differentiation (n = 4), microcystic adnexal carcinoma (n = 4), trichilemmal carcinoma (n = 1), pilomatrix carcinoma (n = 1), and hidradenocarcinoma (n = 1). The mean age at presentation was 54 years (range 32 to 75). The primary subsite of involvement was the scalp in nine patients followed by eyelids in two patients. Surgery was the primary treatment modality in almost all patients; postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) was offered to eight patients. The median dose of radiation was 45 Gy to the primary site. Indications for radiotherapy included close margins (n = 2), positive margins (n = 1), high grade histology (n = 4), and multifocal disease (n = 1). On follow-up, two patients presented with local, one regional and two patients developed distant metastasis.Conclusions: Adnexal carcinomas are rare tumors with diverse histological patterns and a tendency for locoregional and distant metastasis. Surgery should be the mainstay of treatment reserving radiotherapy for adjuvant, palliative, and re-treatment scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]