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One main technique for protecting the turbine blades is film cooling. Film cooling isolates the heat flow from the high-temperature flow. It is used against high-temperature flow. The main problem that hinders the flow isolation process is the counter-rotating vortex pair. It is generated because of the primary flow's interaction with the coolant. This leads to the upward spread of the jet film and poor film cooling effectiveness. One method used to improve the effectiveness of film cooling is vortex generation. In this study, two types of vortex generators were used at the upper location of film hole. They were used to suppress the counter-rotating vortex generator. Protrusion V-shaped and rectangular winglet pairs of vortex generators were used. They had a blowing ratio ranging from 0.5 to 2 at a 35-degree angle. The numerical results show that both types of vortex generators work to form additional anti-counter-rotating vortex generators. This lessens the effects of CRVP. Using vortex generators is more effective than not using them. This is because they reduce the negative effects of counter-rotating vortex pairs by reducing the vorticity of the downwash. Downwash vortices and counter-rotating vortex pairs are in competition with one another. Therefore, the positive effects of vortex generators will diminish as the blowing ratio rises. The results show higher film cooling performance for the flat plate when the blowing ratio is 1. This was observed for both types of vortex generators. Winglet vortex generator, in particular, showed this performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karbala Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can be caused by multiple causes that affect people of different ages. It is considered an orthopedic emergency condition that requires immediate diagnosis and surgical intervention to avoid devastating complications and irreversible damages. This systematic review aimed to present the etiology of trauma-related forearm ACS. Methods: A systematic review was performed on four different databases: Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cochrane Database of systematic review register databases via Ovid, with no restriction on dates (last date was June 30, 2021). It included all the studies containing data about the etiology of trauma-related forearm ACS. Results: A total of 4893 articles were retrieved: 122 met the inclusion criteria, 39 were excluded, 25 were out of scope and 14 had insufficient details. Hence, this review constituted 83 articles and 684 patients. The etiology of ACS causing forearm ACS was classified into three groups: fracture-related, soft tissue injury-related and vascular injury-related. The fracture-related group was the most common group (65.4%), followed by soft tissue injury (30.7%), then vascular injuries (3.9%). Furthermore, supracondylar humerus fractures were the most common cause of fractures related to forearm ACS. Blunt traumas were the most common cause of soft tissue injuries-related forearm ACS, and brachial artery injuries were the most common cause of vascular-related forearm ACS. Conclusion: Frequent assessment of patients with the most prevalent etiologies of forearm ACS is recommended for early detection of forearm ACS and to save limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid development of smart home and deep learning attract many types of research to meet the needs of the homeowner that make the right decisions based on preset settings or based on user behavior in the smart home. And because some gases cause air pollution, affect human health, cause lung cancer, breathing problems. and cause a fire as well. Many gases in our home can pose many dangers. One of the risks of using LPG is leakage in cylinders, gas installations, stoves, or LPG heaters. This paper focused on using technological development to alert about a gas leak inside the home to preserve the general health of people. The proposed system, a gas sensor is used to measure the value of gas in the atmosphere. This part is an important part of the smart home, which is taking precautionary measures by using the gas sensor and controller, in addition to using a mobile network system to send an alert message to the user about gas leakage from the mentioned sources. The proposed system is characterized by its low cost and allows the homeowner to monitor the gas leak inside the home from outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncology and hematology physicians aim during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect their patients from COVID-19 infection without impairing the prognosis of the disease. We describe how at-home treatment was used in our department to maintain multiple myeloma treatment while protecting the patient. [Extracted from the article]

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a metabolic disturbance that has features of multiple hormonal imbalances that produce short and long-term consequences on women's health. It is now categorized as the most common pathology of the endocrine system in females at reproductive age with principle features of menstrual irregularity (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea) and elevated androgens (acne, hirsutism). The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) mediates actions of luteinizing hormone (LH), which together with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) constitutes the two key pituitary gonadotropins for regulating ovarian function. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered to be a potentially important biomarker of the reproductive potential of cattle. It is a growth factor, produced from the granulosa cells of the ovary and Sertoli cells of testes, and was first discovered to play an important role in sex differentiation in fetal life. The current study aimed to investigate the role of LH receptor genes polymorphisms in the development of the polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with Anti-Müllerian hormone, LH, FSH and other biomarkers in Iraqi patients. Materials and Method: The subjects of the current study involved 100 women with ages ranged between (18-37) years during the period from Dec. 2019 to June 2020. These subjects include 50 cases of a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) obtained from a gynecological and obstetric teaching hospital, Kerbala health directorate, Kerbala, Iraq and another 50 healthy women as a control group. Each of LH, FSH, and AMH levels were determined by the chemiluminescent automates immunoassay system (Cobas e411, Roche diagnostics, Germany). Gene polymorphism of the LH receptor gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results obtained showed a significant increase in each of the luteinizing hormone (LH), and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in women with PCOS (P<0.05) as compared with control groups of all age and BMI. Molecular analysis of the LH receptor gene detects LHB gene polymorphisms (rs5030774) in heterozygous mutant genotypes (G/A) in the 13/50 patient group (26%), while no one was observed in the control group. Homozygotes (A/A) was observed only in control 3/50 (6%) and the normal wild type (GG) genotypes found 37/ 50 (74%) and 47/50 (94%) in both patient and control groups respectively. Whilst LHCGR gene A/A found only in 1/50 in control (2%) and G/C was found in the patient only 8/50 (16%) while G/G genotype was also found in patients 42/50 (84%) as compared with the control group 49/50 (98%). Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and LH levels in PCOS women were significantly increased in PCOS women, while a non-significant difference inFSH values was obtained as compared with control groups. The study population has mutant in homozygous and heterozygous of LHB and LHCGR genes polymorphisms (rs5030774 and 121912520) respectively, it can be argued that these variant LH proteins have little or no impact on the phenotype of the PCOS population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and vitiligo in Iraqi patients and evaluate the predictors of this relationship, if present. Patients and methods: The case-control study included 100 Iraqi patients (46 males, 54 females; mean age 30.4±14 years; range 15 to 65 years) with vitiligo and 200 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (74 males, 126 females; mean age 30.3±9.4 years; range 15 to 62 years). Baseline characteristics of patients and controls were recorded. The 2012 Canadian Guidelines criteria were used for the diagnosis of FMS and applied to all patients and controls. Results: Prevalence of FMS in vitiligo patients and controls was 12% and 7%, respectively (p=0.15, odds ratio=1.8, 95% confidence interval=0.8-4.08). FMS symptoms in vitiligo patients were fatigue (46%), diffuse body pain (34%), sleep disturbance (33%), cognitive dysfunction (30%), and mood disorders (23%), while visceral involvements were central nervous system (52%), skin (35%), gastrointestinal tract (32%), cardiovascular systemrespiratory system (16%), genitourinary tract (8%), and ear nose throat (7%). Of vitiligo patients, FMS was significantly more common among females (22.2%) compared to none among males (0%) (p<0.05). Prevalence of FMS was restricted to female sex only and a significantly higher prevalence rate of FMS was found among female vitiligo patients (22.2%) compared to controls (9.5%). Receiving phototherapy significantly increased the risk of having FMS by 5 times compared to female patients not receiving phototherapy. Use of any steroid reduced the risk of having FMS by 2.5 times (inverse of odds ratio=0.4) among females patients (p>0/05). No significant association was found between FMS in vitiligo patients and age, disease duration, type of vitiligo, use of any immunosuppressant and Body Mass Index (p>0.05). Conclusion: Fibromyalgia syndrome was more prevalent in vitiligo patients compared to controls, which was clinically important but statistically not significant. There was a significant association between FMS in vitiligo patients and female sex, severe form of vitiligo, and receiving phototherapy. This may suggest that early diagnosis of FMS in vitiligo patients may help in early treatment and subsequently improve patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study changes in flap thickness made with two different microkeratome heads across different corneal locations using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, consecutive case series, subjects who had their laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps made using 90 µm (MSU90) or 130 µm (MSU130) disposable M2 microkeratome heads were examined using OCT. The measurements were performed at three locations (central and 2.5 mm to either side) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Results: The central flap thickness was 123 ± 15, 130 ± 14, and 127 ± 13 µm, respectively, at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively in the MSU90 group (41 eyes) and 142 ± 20, 147 ± 19, and 143 ± 15 µm, respectively, in the MSU130 group (47 eyes). At 1 month, peripheral flap thickness was 161 ± 17 and 159 ± 13 µm, respectively, at 2.5 mm to the right and left of corneal center in the MSU90 group. The corresponding figures were 170 ± 14 and 167 ± 13 µm, respectively, in the MSU130 group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at all locations (P < 0.001). No statistically significant change in flap thickness was detected in either group at any assessment time. There was a partial positive correlation (after controlling for preoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent) between central flap thickness and preoperative ultrasound central pachymetry (r = 0.739, P = 0.036) in the MSU90 group but not in the MSU130 group. Conclusion: Using OCT, changes in flap thickness were minimal in the first month after LASIK. Flap thickness correlated strongly with central corneal thickness if a 90 µm head was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this paper is to define representations and a cohomology of Horn-Lie color algebras and to study some key constructions and properties. We describe Hartwig-Larsson-Silvestrov Theorem in the case of V-graded algebras, study one-parameter formal deformations, discuss αk-generalized derivations and provide examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film cooling represents one of the important game-changing technologies that has allowed the achievement of today's high inlet turbine temperature to get high-efficiency gas turbine engines. Shear Stress Transport (SST) K-ω was performed to investigate the flow structures and the development process of vortices in different sections (rectangular, hexagonal and circular) of a stationary gas turbine at blowing ratio equal to (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), while the jet film cooling hole angles equal to (90°, 60°, 45° and 30°). It was observed that higher freestream turbulence improves adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient for the corrugation film cooling holes design and specially enhancement at holes angle equal to 30° with twisted angle equal to 360° and rectangular corrugation shape. Results show the effectiveness enhancement range of 20.1%-69.3%of the smooth film cooling hole. Numerical calculation of film cooling effectiveness is validated with reported numerical and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin disease that usually has a self-clearing course. Objectives: to study the process of involution of molluscum contagiosum through utilizing histological examination. Patients and Methods: Different sizes and stages of evolution of lesions from 50 patients with molluscum contagiosum were included. Deep shave biopsies were taken from each patient for histopathological examination. Results: All lesions showed a single punctum and this was confirmed by histopathological examination. Each individual lesion showed an epidermal hyperplasia consisting of many lobes which subdivided into lobules that contain the molluscum bodies. The intra-cytoplasmic molluscum inclusion bodies increase in the number and size as the cells differentiate toward the surface of the epidermis to accumulate at a central meeting point equivalent to the clinical sign of umblication at which the infected cells undergo cytocidal disintegration releasing its viral contents into the skin surface. The general histological architecture resemble that of keratoacanthoma. Conclusion: The central umblication represent the site of the future involution that contains the final growth phase of the infected epidermal cells where it ends by a process of cellular death and disintegration releasing its viral contents into the surface of the skin at the craterform opening which is called punctum. This process of self-involution may resemble that of keratoacanthoma where there are many similar pathological features in both conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The use of topical steroids on the skin of the face should be carefully evaluated by the dermatologist; however, its misuse still occurs producing dermatological problem resembling rosacea. Objectives. To report the different clinical manifestations of steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea and to discover causes behind abusing topical steroids on the face. Methods. In this prospective observational study, 75 patients with steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea who had history of topical steroid use on their faces for at least 1-3 months were evaluated at the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, between August 2010 and December 2012. Results. The majority of patients were young women who used a combinations of potent and very potent topical steroid for average period of 0.25-10 years. Facial redness and hotness, telangiectasia, and rebound phenomenon with papulopustular eruption were the main clinical presentations. The most common causes of using topical steroid on the face were pigmentary problems and acne through recommendations from nonmedical personnel. Conclusion. Topical steroid should not be used on the face unless it is under strict dermatological supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Chronic urticaria is defined as urticaria persisting daily for more than six weeks. A significant number of patients had autoimmune basis where autologous serum skin test is widely used for detection of chronic autoimmune urticaria. Objectives. To estimate the frequency of autoimmune urticarial in Iraqi patients utilizing the autologous serum skin test and to evaluate its results with the variable clinical features of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Methods. In this prospective study, 54 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were investigated with autologous serum skin test where its results were examined with the different clinical parameters of chronic autoimmune urticaria. Results. Twenty two patients (40.7%) out of 54 patients with chronic idiopathic urticarial had positive autologous serum skin test. Statistical analysis of the clinical variables did not show a significant difference between patients with positive and negative autologous serum skin test except for the distribution of wheals on the face and extremities which was significantly associated with positive autologous serum skin test results (P value 0.004). Conclusion. Autologous serumskin test is a simple, office-based test for detecting chronic autoimmune urticaria patients who have no distinctive clinical features differentiating them from chronic idiopathic urticaria patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown an anticancer effect of vitamin D, but the mechanisms underlying this action have not been fully explored. Here we show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3, the active form of vitamin D) significantly promoted apoptosis in the undifferentiated gastric cancer cell line HGC-27, and this was accompanied by a concurrent increase in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression on VD3 treatment. In contrast, knockdown of PTEN expression by stable transfection of PTEN small interfering RNA greatly decreased the apoptosis rate. We further demonstrated that VD3 induced PTEN expression through vitamin D receptor. In addition, our evidence showed that vitamin D receptor, Egr-1 and p300 induced PTEN expression in a synergistic fashion. Furthermore, we found that the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium butyrate and the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine played important roles in vitamin D-induced apoptosis through PTEN upregulation. The data presented in this article suggest potential benefits of vitamin D in gastric cancer therapies in association with the use of trichostatin A/sodium butyrate and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Structured digital abstract • , , : P300 (uniprotkb: ) physically interacts ( ) with VDR (uniprotkb: ) and EGR1 (uniprotkb: ) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation ( ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors propose the mathematical model in Park reference frame of squirrel cage induction machine with double star stator windings. Each star is supplied by its own voltage source inverter. The redundancy operating mode of the two inverters improves reliability, availability, since the loss of one inverter does not stop the machine. Moreover, the multiphase stator winding is of a major" interest to reduce the space harmonics content. A special attention is paid to analyze the stability by examining the root-locus in complex plan of six order flux model in full speed range. Simulation results are carried out to analyze the influence of the magnetic coupling between two star stator windings on the stability of the motor drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors proposed an appropriate balancing control of flying capacitor voltage sources of a multilevel IGBT inverter. In order to guarantee the output voltage quality, the control consists in imposing the sense of the current through the flying sources by the control of the adjacent switches. Mathematical model has been developed to investigate all possible switching signal permutations that produce the desired voltage output and maintain steady state capacitor voltage balancing. The numerical implementation of the balancing algorithm is validated on an evaluation card XS40 based on a field programmed gate array circuit (FPGA) XC4010E+ of XILINX. The experimental results are carried out to confirm the high performance of the proposed active balancing control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease cause motor and cognitive dysfunction and belong to a heterogeneous group of common and disabling disorders. Although the complex molecular pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is largely unknown, major advances have been achieved by elucidating the genetic defects underlying mendelian forms of these diseases. This has led to the discovery of common pathophysiological pathways such as enhanced oxidative stress, protein misfolding and aggregation and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, we describe loss-of-function mutations in a previously uncharacterized, predominantly neuronal P-type ATPase gene, ATP13A2, underlying an autosomal recessive form of early-onset parkinsonism with pyramidal degeneration and dementia (PARK9, Kufor-Rakeb syndrome). Whereas the wild-type protein was located in the lysosome of transiently transfected cells, the unstable truncated mutants were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded by the proteasome. Our findings link a class of proteins with unknown function and substrate specificity to the protein networks implicated in neurodegeneration and parkinsonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flying voltage source multilevel inverters are suitable in high voltage, high power applications, to bypass technologic limitations of the semiconductors devices. In this paper authors propose a general mathematical model for a new topology called SMC "Stacked Multicell Converter". Each phase of the SMCnxm multilevel inverter is formed by a stack of m individual flying capacitor multilevel inverter, each stack or stage is realised by connecting in series n controllable commutation cells. An original multi-carrier sub-harmonic pulse width modulation method is developed to produce (nxm+1) output voltage levels and to improve the output voltage harmonic spectrum with a wide output frequency range. To carry out in practice the SMCnxm modulation technique, the minimum turn-on-time and minimum turn -off time of the IGBTs switching devices are taken into account in adjustment of modulation characteristics. A simulation results are carried out from Matlab-Simulink circuit simulation. The implementation of the modulation control strategy has been done in Field Programmed Gate Array circuit (FPGA) XC4010E+ of XILINX to control a three phase SMC3x2 seven level inverter and the experimental results are carried out to confirm the high performance of this inverter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The space of symbols of differential operators on a smooth manifold (i.e., the space of symmetric contravariant tensor fields) is naturally a module over the Lie algebra of vector fields. We study, in the case of ℝv with v ≥ 2, the multi-parameter formal deformations of this module. The space of linear differential operators on ℝv provides an important classof such formal deformations; we show, however, that the whole space of deformations is much larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We here report a rather novel syndrome of dysmorphic features, short stature, microcephaly, alopecia, psychomotor retardation, retinitis pigmentosa and secondary amenorrhoea. This may present a new complex multisystem disorder distinct from those reported in the literature and we propose the acronym D-CHRAMPS for this novel disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in April 2016 which discusses the case of a white female with the three occurring pathologies thyroid hemiagenesis, brain cavernoma and pituitary Rathke's cleft cyst, which may have a genetic basis.