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Objective: This study aimed to determine the precautions that can be taken to increase the reliability of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test without being affected by the asymmetry of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the issues that should be considered in the interpretation of vestibular evoked myogenic potential results if these precautions are not taken. Method: Individuals with sternocleidomastoid muscle activity of less than 30 μV in cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing and an asymmetry ratio of more than 0.35 were excluded. In our study, individuals were divided into different groups according to sternocleidomastoid muscle asymetry. Results: A total of 53 individuals were included in the study. Intergroup comparisons were made to determine the effect of electromyogram scaling and filter use on amplitude asymmetry ratio according to sternocleidomastoid muscle asymmetry. Conclusion: Keeping the sternocleidomastoid muscle asymmetry not exceeding 10 μV maximises the reliability of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. As a result of our study, it can be concluded that in clinical applications the asymmetry should not exceed 20 μV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of the laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization dynamics is one of the most challenging and hot topics in magnetism research due to its potential applications in magnetic storage devices and the field of spintronics. Recently, a laser-induced switching of ferromagnetism, driven by a disorder–order transition on FeAl thin films, has been experimentally demonstrated. The switching of ferromagnetic ordering by ultrafast laser pulses in FeAl thin films may open new possible applications of this material such as magnetic data storage and manipulation. Since the speed of the magnetic switching of magnetic states in thin films is one of the critical parameters for these applications, here we used time resolved magneto-optical Kerr measurements to investigate the demagnetization dynamics of Fe 60 Al 40 thin films at room temperature. We have for the first time observed a clear transition from one-step dynamics (type I) to two-step (type II) dynamics in the same material by increasing pump laser fluence. This experimental observation may give a strong confirmation that the ultrafast demagnetization process can be treated as a thermal process and is driven by the difference between temperatures of the electron and spin systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the main features of the ciliary flow of fourth‐grade fluid in a curved channel. The fluid is considered electrically conducting with a radial magnetic field effect. The constitutive relation for energy is formulated with the addition of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. The governing system of coupled partial differential equations with extremely nonlinear expressions is simplified using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The numerical outcomes of simplified normalized equations are obtained using the finite difference method incorporating the relaxation algorithm. The numerical outcomes regarding the influences of several physical parameters on the temperature, velocity, pumping characteristics, and stream function are examined through graphs. The outcomes reveal that fluid velocity diminishes by enhancing the magnetic parameter. Also, the temperature is enhanced by enhancing the values of the Brickman number. The current model has been used in bioengineering processes, microfluidics, and drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulphur-containing compounds are highly significant as they can possess a variety of biological activities that make them useful for pharmacological purposes and for the mechanism by which drugs such as antibiotics bind to and disrupt bacterial cell walls. In this study, novel thioalkyl substituted-1,3,4 oxadiazole-bearing sulfonamide compounds have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and elemental analysis. The effects of different thioalkyl groups on the 1,3,4 oxadiazole group, the IC50 value for Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (BCA) found by in vitro, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, pharmacokinetics prediction and molecular docking are aimed to reveal the interactions on BCA. Firstly, pharmacokinetic predictions of thioalkyl substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds were generated to predict their potential hazards. Secondly, the predicted molecular docking data and 2D interaction were analyzed based on the best configuration from DFT optimization. Finally, the inhibition against BCA was analyzed in vitro and compared with the theoretical data. The compound (5o) has the best value such as IC50 = 51.80 µM, HOMO–LUMO (ΔE 4.488 Ev), ΔG −7.69 kcal/mol, Full fitness −2152.72 FF and predicted toxicity results showed no significant results except hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna¿s Metaphysics" is a book that explores how Avicenna's metaphysical ideas were received and interpreted in different cultural contexts. The book focuses on Avicenna's concepts of essence and existence, as well as the Necessary Existent. The articles in the book examine the reception of Avicenna's ideas by scholars like al-Lawkari, al-Suhrawardi, and al-Farabi, offering different perspectives and interpretations. The review of the book praises its organization and the depth of analysis provided by the authors, while also noting the absence of certain topics. Overall, the book is seen as a valuable contribution to the study of Avicenna's metaphysics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of International Journal of Turkish Literature, Culture, Education is the property of International Journal of Turkish, Literature, Culture, Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, nano‐gold (nAu) and nano‐silver (nAg) were doped at the molar ratios of Molar5–Molar30 to the Hydroxyapatite (HAp)‐based bioceramic bone graft synthesized by the sol–gel method. The effects of nAu and nAg on structural, mechanical, cell viability, and nuclear abnormality of the synthesized bioceramic grafts were evaluated. The chemical and morphological properties of the bone grafts after production were examined through XRD and SEM–EDX analyses and mechanical tests. To determine the biocompatibility of the bone grafts, cell viability tests were performed using human fibroblast cells. In the cytotoxicity analyses, only HAp and HAp‐nAu5 grafts did not show toxicological properties at any concentration, while HAp‐nAg5 among the nAg‐containing grafts gave the best results at the 200–100 μg/mL concentrations and showed significant cytotoxicity in human fibroblast cells. The other nAu‐containing grafts showed toxicological properties in the concentration range of 200–50 μg/mL and nAg‐containing grafts in the concentration range of 200–100 μg/mL against the negative control. The micronucleus (MN) analyses showed that the lowest total MN and L (lobbed) amounts, while the lowest total N (notched) amount, was obtained from the only HAp graft. It was found that the nAg‐doped bone grafts gave higher total MN, L, and N amounts compared to the nAu‐doped bone grafts. Furthermore, while the mean nuclear abnormality (NA) values of all grafts gave close results, the highest values were again obtained from the nAg‐doped bone grafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A temperature-controlled glasshouse study was conducted to evaluate the influence of elevated temperature (eT – 34/24 ± 2°C) on the growth and glyphosate susceptibility of windmill grass (Chloris truncata R.Br.), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), and flaxleaf fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist]; and to determine the morpho-physiological factors involved in differential glyphosate tolerance under eT. Results showed that elevation of temperature from ambient temperature (aT – 28/20 ± 2°C) to 34/24 ± 2°C increased growth and biomass production of C. truncata. In contrast, eT suppressed growth of S. oleraceus and C. bonariensis, resulting in fewer, thicker, and smaller leaves with reduced stomatal conductivity and less total plant biomass. In terms of herbicide susceptibility, the responses to glyphosate under different temperature regimes were species- and rate-specific. Slight variations in glyphosate susceptibility were observed when sprayed at sub-lethal rates at eT. Under eT, C. truncata, S. oleraceus, and C. bonariensis required 1.5, 2.0-, and 1.6-times higher glyphosate rates, respectively, to suppress biomass by 50% compared with plants grown at aT. Depending upon the species and glyphosate rate, differences in leaf characteristics (i.e. leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area/thickness, and stomatal conductance) could have promoted or delayed glyphosate activity under eT over the period, especially at sub-lethal rates. Overall, the glyphosate efficacy was unaffected since herbicide within the recommended rates completely controlled all tested weed species under both temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a rapidly developing medical imaging modality that exploits the non-linear response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Color MPI widens the functionality of MPI, empowering it with the capability to distinguish different MNPs and/or MNP environments. The system function approach for color MPI relies on extensive calibrations that capture the differences in the harmonic responses of the MNPs. An alternative calibration-free x-space-based method called TAURUS estimates a map of the relaxation time constant, $\tau $ , by recovering the underlying mirror symmetry in the MPI signal. However, TAURUS requires a back and forth scanning of a given region, restricting its usage to slow trajectories with constant or piecewise constant focus fields (FFs). In this work, we propose a novel technique to increase the performance of TAURUS and enable $\tau $ map estimation for rapid and multi-dimensional trajectories. The proposed technique is based on correcting the distortions on mirror symmetry induced by time-varying FFs. We demonstrate via simulations and experiments in our in-house MPI scanner that the proposed method successfully estimates high-fidelity $\tau $ maps for rapid trajectories that provide orders of magnitude reduction in scanning time (over 300 fold for simulations and over 8 fold for experiments) while preserving the calibration-free property of TAURUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial and seasonal variations in some growth parameters of Capoeta banarescui have been studied by considering environmental factors. A total of 1993 fish was caught by electro fishing monthly from March 2001 to February 2002 at five different stations through the upper Çoruh River. Condition factor did not significantly differ among males, females, and juveniles but it was affected by study sites. Somatic index, varied spatially with lowest value recorded in Nihak (1.254) and highest value in Maden (1.342). Condition factor and somatic index had similar monthly pattern, with some minor exceptions depending on the study sites and the sampling periods. b value of length-weight relationship varied between 2.729 and 3.288. While fish from Kirik and Nihak showed negative allometric growth those from the other 3 sites had isometric growth. The highest b values for both sexes were observed in early spring while the lowest values generally occurred in fall. While, pH, phosphate and silicate did not significantly change between the stations, significantly higher temperature values were observed in Nihak and Kirazli. Significantly higher nitrate concentration, with a value of 3.61mg/L was observed in Nihak. Ammonium concentrations in Bayburt, Kirazli and Nihak stations showed significant increase comparing Kirik and Maden stations. Turbidity was significantly influenced by the study sites; the highest value observed in Nihak (31.79 ± 42.12 FAU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pelvic surgery carries an inherent risk of autonomic nerve injury leading to genitourinary and bowel dysfunction due to the close proximity of the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP). The aim of this study was to define the detailed anatomy of SHP and identify its relationship with the vascular landmarks and ureters for pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving surgery. Methods: A cadaveric study on the detailed anatomy of the SHP was conducted in our surgical anatomy research unit. Between 02/2019 and 10/2019, macroscopic anatomical dissections were performed on 45 fresh adult cadavers (39 male, 6 female). Distances between the SHP, major vascular structures, and other anatomical landmarks were measured. Results: Three types of SHP morphology were observed: mesh (64.8%), single nerve (24.4%), and fiber (10.8%). SHP bifurcation was located inferior to the aortic bifurcation in all cases; however, it was observed cranial to the promontory in 80% of the cases, whereas 18% were caudally and 2% were over the promontory. The closest vessels to the left and right of the SHP bifurcation were the left common iliac vein (LCIV) (86.2%, the mean distance was 8.49 ± 7.97 mm) and the right internal iliac artery (RIIA) (48.2%, mean distance was 13.4 ± 9.79 mm), respectively. At SHP bifurcation level, the lateral edge of the SHP was detected on the LCIV in 22 cases and on the RIIA in 10 cases for the left and right side of the plexus, respectively. The distance between the SHP bifurcation and the ureter was 27.9 mm on the right and 24.2 mm on the left. The width of the left (LHN) and right hypogastric nerves (RHN) were 4.35 mm and 4.62 mm at 2 cm below the SHP bifurcation, respectively. LHN was on the vascular structures in 13 cases, whereas RHN in only 1 case, 2 cm below the SHP bifurcation. Conclusions: Understanding the location of the SHP, including its relationship with important anatomical landmarks, might prevent iatrogenic injury and reduce postoperative morbidity in the pelvic surgery setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the determination of the effects of processing time and temperature on the thickness, morphology, and hardness of boride layers grown on AISI 304L stainless steels. For boriding, a new molten salt electrolysis method called as CRTD-Bor (Cathodic Reduction and Thermal Diffusion-based boriding) was chosen due to its fast and green nature. CRTD-Bor of AISI 304L substrates was carried out in a borax-based molten electrolyte at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1050 °C for periods of 15 to 60 min at a constant current density of 200 mA/cm2. The x-ray diffraction analyses revealed the mixed iron boride phases including Fe2B, FeB. Moreover, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy examinations confirmed the growth of these phases. Additionally, a phase homogenization (PH) step was adapted into CRTD-Bor to eliminate brittle FeB layer. It was founded that after 70 min of treatment at 1000 °C (15 min of CRTD-Bor + 55 min of PH) it is possible to grow ≈ 40-µm-thick Fe2B layer exhibiting 1700 ± 100 HV on the surface with excellent adhesion to the substrate (HF1). Besides, kinetic calculations showed the activation energy (Q) of boride layer growth as 181.45 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and control of a cable-driven rehabilitation robot, which can be configured easily for exercising different articulations such as elbows, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles without requiring any orthosis, are introduced. The passive, active-assisted and active-resisted exercises were designed and implemented using impedance control. The controller could switch between exercises according to the force feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was demonstrated by experimental studies. The robot was tested first with a dummy extremity and then with a healthy subject mimicking various types of patients during the tests. Experimental results showed that satisfactory closed-loop performances were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Research & Business Administration is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutrient utilization, hematological indices and growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings were examined while substituting fish meal with almond meal-based diet. Five diets were prepared by substituting different levels such as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fish meal with almond meal in diets. Test diets were allocated to each fish group by using completely randomized design (CRD). In triplicate tanks, fifteen L. rohita fingerlings were kept and fed at 5% of their body weight. Growth indices such as weight gain (%), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and standard growth rate (SGR) were evaluated using standard formulae. Nutrient utilization was determined by proximate analysis of feces. There was significant difference (p=0.05) among hematological indices and growth performance of fingerlings fed 40% almond meal-based diet and control diet. By increasing almond meal in diets more than 40%, the hemoglobin and RBCs of fish indicated a significant (p=0.05) inverse correlation. The outcomes of present study revealed that replacement of fish meal by almond meal in fish feed is cost effective with significant improvement in growth response, nutrient digestibility and hematology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A greener method was incorporated to synthesize nanoparticles of noble metal (Ag) from Calotropis gigantea silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) powdered leaf extract using silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) solution. The fabricated silver NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The observed average size of silver NPs assessed as 25–35 ± 0.17 nm with intraparticle distancing, possesses a cubic-spherical shape that is stable beyond 6 months without any accruement. The catalytic reduction of Congo red (CR) and Acid orange 7 (AO-7) dyes was observed with green C. gigantea-AgNPs arbitrated by sunlight as well as in absence of sunlight, respectively. Optimization of various parameters (pH, shaking time and dye concentration) was examined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. C. gigantea-AgNPs catalytic degradation obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics together with a rate constant (K2 ) in the presence and absence of sunlight and degradation is said to be physical sorption in nature. Isothermal data exhibit a trend of Freu ndlich > Temkin’s > Langmuir with both dyes on the basis of regression (R² ) values. The percentage recyclability of C. gigantea-AgNPs gives their peak values in presence of sunlight: 96.11 with CR and 93.89 with AO-7, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The optimal diagnostic test in the work-up of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may differ between men and women. The aim of this study was to compare sex-associated differences between using a diagnostic strategy including early coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and standard of care (SOC). Methods: In total, 500 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of ACS at the emergency department were randomised between a diagnostic strategy supplemented with early CCTA and SOC. Results: Women were generally older than men (mean ± standard deviation 56 ± 10 vs 53 ± 10 years, p < 0.01) and were less often admitted to hospital (33% vs 44%, p = 0.02). Obstructive coronary artery disease on CCTA (> 50% luminal narrowing) was less frequently seen in women (14% vs 26%, p = 0.02), and ACS was diagnosed less often in women (5% vs 10%, p = 0.03). Women underwent less outpatient testing when early CCTA was used in the emergency department evaluation of suspected ACS (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Women had a lower incidence of obstructive CAD on CCTA and were less often admitted to hospital than men. They were subjected to less outpatient testing when early CCTA was used in the emergency department evaluation of suspected ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the value of serum apelin-13 levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Patients with dry-type AMD, patients with treatment-naïve neovascular-type AMD, and healthy controls were included in this study. Diagnoses were confirmed on detailed fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Central foveal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness were evaluated. Both serum apelin-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle. Results: A total of 84 subjects, i.e., 24 in the dry-type AMD group (group 1), 27 in the neovascular-type AMD group (group 2), and 33 in the control group (group 3) were included in the study. Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 76 ± 4.5, 48.4 ± 16.3, and 83.4 ± 3.09 ETDRS letters in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The level of serum VEGF was 44.11 ± 26.14, 56.53 ± 53.77, and 61.47 ± 41.62 pg/mL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.553, p = 0.286, and p = 0.896, respectively). The level of serum apelin-13 was 586.47 ± 167.56, 622.18 ± 324.52, and 379.31 ± 171.96 pg/mL in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.847, p = 0.04, and p ≤ 0.001, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the level of serum apelin and visual acuity (VA) and choroidal thickness. Conclusion: Serum apelin-13 levels were higher in both dry-type and neovascular-type AMD patients than in controls. Further studies demonstrating the relationship of the level of serum apelin-13 and AMD are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight are exposed to numerous health risks, including Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), a spectrum of ophthalmic changes that can result in permanent loss of visual acuity. The etiology of SANS is not well understood but is thought to involve changes in cerebrovascular flow dynamics in response to microgravity. There is a paucity of knowledge in this area; in particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics have not been well characterized under microgravity conditions. Our study was designed to determine the effect of simulated microgravity (head-down tilt [HDT]) on cerebrovascular flow dynamics. We hypothesized that microgravity conditions simulated by acute HDT would result in increases in CSF pulsatile flow. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we measured flow in major cerebral arteries, veins, and CSF spaces in fifteen healthy volunteers using phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) before and during 15° HDT. Results: We found a decrease in all CSF flow variables [systolic peak flow (p = 0.009), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p = 0.001)]. Cerebral arterial average flow (p = 0.04), systolic peak flow (p = 0.04), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p = 0.02) all also significantly decreased. We additionally found a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow (p = 0.040). Finally, a significant increase in cerebral venous cross-sectional area under HDT (p = 0.005) was also observed. Conclusions: These results collectively demonstrate that acute application of −15° HDT caused a reduction in CSF flow variables (systolic peak flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude) which, when coupled with a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow, systolic peak flow, and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, is consistent with a decrease in cardiac-related pulsatile CSF flow. These results suggest that decreases in cerebral arterial inflow were the principal drivers of decreases in CSF pulsatile flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is anticipated that passengers in autonomous vehicles will be more occupied with in-vehicle activities. Loss of the authority on driving and engaging in non-driving tasks could cause lower predictability of car motions. This decrease in predictability is expected to increase the sensitivity to carsickness. It appears that it is crucial to develop controllers for autonomous driving with the capability of improving passenger comfort by reducing carsickness. In this regard, it can be asked how the motion variables can be used for the minimization of a carsickness-related measure, while the vehicle is required to follow a given path. In this study, an optimal control approach is being proposed to minimize a quantitative measure of carsickness. In order to address carsickness during autonomous maneuvers, the well-known motion sickness dose value formulation in ISO 2631-1 is augmented with horizontal direction motion components to define a performance measure. The performance measure includes the motion sensed in vestibular system rather than the motion occurring in the vehicle itself. Therefore, mathematical model of the vestibular system is included in the design of controller. Effects of acceleration and jerk are included in performance measure simultaneously. Control oriented linear parameter varying vehicle model is developed to design the path following controller. By means of simulation studies in which path following control is implemented, motion sickness dose values of the controlled vehicle are examined. It is shown by a regular lane change test at various speeds that the proposed controller, which seeks the minimization of the motion sickness dose value, achieves a reduction of the acceleration and jerk felt by a passenger, while the vehicle follows the given path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AIM: The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether fullerenol C60 protects renal injury in sevoflurane-administered rats. METHOD: Rats (n: 24) were randomly divided into four groups: Control (Group C), Fullerenol C60 (Group F), Sevoflurane (Group S), Fullerenol C60-Sevoflurane (Group FS). Thirty minutes before the procedure, Fullerenol C60, 100 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally. Sevoflurane (2.3 %) was applied for 3 hours to rats in S and FS groups. Biochemical and histopathological parameters were analyzed in renal tissue samples. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in statistical analyzes. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity in Group S were significantly higher than that in all other groups. Paraoxanase (PON) enzyme activity in Group S was significantly lower than in Groups C and FS. The histopathological examination showed that vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy (VVH) and lymphocyte infiltration (LI) were significantly higher in the Group S compared to the Group C. CONCLUSION: Renal histopathology revealed that the administration of Fullerenol C60 prior to sevoflurane inhalation reduced oxidative stress and partially corrected the damage caused by anesthesia. We concluded that Fullerenol C60 has a renal protective effect in rats when administered before sevoflurane anesthesia (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 40). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of recurrent sevoflurane anesthesia on cognitive functions in Alzheimer Disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups as followed: control (Group C), sevoflurane (Group S), Alzheimer's (Group A) and Alzheimer's + sevoflurane (Group AS)]. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Radial Arm Maze Test (RAMT). Alzheimer model was created by administering 3 mg/kg (10 μl) STZ. Sevoflurane was administered to S and AS groups. Serum samples and hippocampus tissues were analyzed. RESULTS: In RAM test, the entry-exit data were significantly decreased in A and AS groups. After the 2nd and 3rd administration of anesthesia, the numbers were significantly decreased in Group S. Glial-fibrillary-acidic protein levels were significantly higher in AS compared to the C and S groups. The brain tissue caspase 3 activity was less than 1% in all rats in the Group C, 3 % in 2 rats and 1 % in 1 rat in the Group AS. In A and AS group, serum catalase, myeloperoxidase and ferroxidase activities were found to be higher than in the other groups and myeloperoxidase activity was higher in the AS than in the A Group. Serum native thiol, total thiol and disulfide levels were found to be significantly different in the A and AS groups. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane anesthesia negatively affected the cognitive functions (Tab. 5, Fig. 10, Ref. 51). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out between 2011 and 2013 in Alpu environment of Eskişehir province. In the study, 38 sample areas (1 sample area is 200 m2) belonging to different vegetation types (forest, degraded forest or shrub and steppe) were specified, and some endemic taxa and environmental factors in these areas were determined. The decomposed soil samples were taken from 0 to 10 and 10 to 30 cm depth levels, and their physical and chemical analyzes were made. The relations between the endemic taxa and the presence/absence data of mainrock were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test via SPSS program. The direction of the relationship was examined by using inter-specific correlation analysis. C3 formula was preferred in calculation of correlation coefficient. The endemic taxa data (presence/absence) and some environmental factors were quantitatively undergone analysis by Wilcoxon rank-sum test which is a nonparametric two-independent-samples test in SPSS program. In these analyzes, the ecological variables that are related to the growth environment desires of 10 endemic plant taxa have been identified. No relation between the four species and the environmental factors has been found. Convolvulus phrygius, Rhamnus thymifolius, Genista aucheri, Scabiosa pseudograminifolia, Sideritis gulendamiae, and Thymus leucostomus taxa have shown negative or positive relations with the mainrock, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, pH, lime, silt, the amount of dust and clay, and with altitude, radiation index and slope which are from physiographical factors. Thus, it has been tried to determine the growing environment conditions that these species prefer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, degradation of hexadecane was investigated in the contaminated water by employing plant–bacteria partnership in hydroponic root mat system. A halophyte grass, Leptochloa fusca, was planted in the presence of three hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria, namely Acinetobacter sp. ACRH82, Acinetobacter sp. BRRH61, and Bacillus niabensis ACSI85. The strains were screened based on their in vitro potential of hexadecane degradation as well as plant growth-promoting activities. Hydroponic systems containing vegetation or bacterial consortium separately attenuated a good proportion of hydrocarbons, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids. Nevertheless, combined application of vegetation and bacteria significantly enhanced the system performance; i.e., hydrocarbons degradation was recorded up to 92%, chemical oxygen demand was reduced up to 95%, biochemical oxygen demand up to 84%, and total dissolved solids up to 47%. The inoculated bacteria displayed highest persistence in the roots followed by shoots and then in the wastewater. The biotoxicity assay revealed that hydroponic root mat containing plant–bacteria partnership was highly efficient in reducing the toxicity level. Conclusively, the present study implies that application of L. fusca in partnership with the hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in hydroponic root mat is a suitable choice for the phytoremediation of hexadecane. Similar systems may be exploited for the enhanced degradation of other long-chain saturated alkanes from oil-contaminated wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure GaAs and GaAs1−xBix alloys with different Bi ratios (1 %, 2.5 %, 3.5 %) fitted with silver contacts were measured with a dielectric spectroscopy device. Dielectric characterization was performed at room temperature in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. GaAs exhibits three relaxation regions corresponding to space-charge, dipolar and ionic polarizations in sequence with increasing frequency while GaAs1−xBix samples show only a broad dipolar polarization in the same frequency range. This result proves the filling of the lattice with Bi through making a new bonding reducing the influence of ionic polarization. This finding supports the previous results concerning optical properties of GaAs1−xBix, presented in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase enzymes have been implicated in high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and atherosclerosis in animal models. The aim of the present study was to explore neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase mRNA expressions in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in overweight and obese subjects, and to correlate those mRNA expressions with BMI, IR and cardiovascular biomarkers. In this cross-sectional study, 74 apparently healthy subjects including 22 lean, 27 overweight and 25 obese subjects were recruited. Cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers were evaluated from fasting blood samples. The mRNA levels of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase genes in the PBL were quantified by real-time PCR. Compared to lean group, the overweight and obese groups showed significant upregulation of both neutrophil elastase (p < 0.001) and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.03) mRNA expressions in the PBL. But no difference was found between overweight and obese groups. The neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase mRNA levels showed significant positive correlation with BMI, serum triglyceride, atherogenic index of plasma and 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease. But no correlation was found with glucose, insulin or IR. It was concluded that the neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase genes are up-regulated in both overweight and obese subjects and are associated with BMI and markers of cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medication errors can negatively impact the health of numerous individuals worldwide and even lead to fatalities, from incorrect timing, dosages, or methods of administration of drugs to mismanagement of drug interactions. Such errors can arise from patients and healthcare professionals in all stages of patient care. Therefore, all healthcare workers must pay attention to preventing medication errors, correctly managing encountered errors, and reporting them appropriately to ensure patient safety. Parallel to these, one of the FIP's development goals for pharmacists was also determined as Patient Safety. Despite various studies that have analysed medication errors from different perspectives, no study has thoroughly evaluated the causes of medication errors specific to community pharmacists. Aim: This project aimed to identify and prioritise the causes of medication errors encountered in community pharmacies. Methods: According to the aim of the study, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 community pharmacists in Van. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative interview findings. Additionally, at the end of the qualitative interviews, a questionnaire was applied due to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), to prioritize the causes of the medication errors. This study was conducted after Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Non-interventional Research Ethics Committee approved the study ethically (Date:18/11/2022, Decision No: 2022/11-25). This study is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK)'s 2209/2022 2nd term projects (Project No: 1919B012217783). Results: Three main themes and 13 sub-themes were obtained. The study's results emphasise that communication gaps and manual prescriptions are the most significant causes of medication errors reported by pharmacists. As a result of the AHP, prescription errors (31.5%) were found to be the most encountered reason for medication errors, followed by medication knowledge gaps (25.7%). Discussion/Conclusion: Pharmacists, aware of their responsibilities for patient and drug safety, also have an essential role in solving problems that cause medication errors. With this study, it is also seen that pharmacists show the necessary self-sacrifice and take precautions to minimize medication errors originating from the pharmacy. So, the findings obtained from this study are thought to have guiding implications for preventing medication errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center / Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Computerized Dentistry is the property of Quintessence Publishing Company Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbazole Substituted Pyridopyrimidine (CSPP) was synthesized and Charge transfer complexes with some acceptors such as tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) have been studied spectrophotometrically in acetonitrile at 21°C. The stoichiometries of the complexes were found to be 1:1 ratio by the Job method between donor and acceptors with the maximum absorption band at a wavelength of 715 nm for DDQ and 593 nm for TCNQ. The formation constants of the complexes were determined by Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by Van't Hoff equations and found spontaneous and exothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The management of severe renal trauma is disputable. Herein, we present diagnosis and treatment of patients with high-grade renal injury (grades IV and V). Materials and methods: The records of 31 patients with severe renal trauma who were treated between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients' CT results were evaluated by two radiologists and assigned grades of IV or V in accordance with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Severity Scale. All hemodynamically stable renal trauma patients were treated conservatively. Patients with renal traumas of grade IV and V were evaluated statistically via the SPSS 15.0 software program. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the categorical data. Results: Thirteen (42 %) of 31 patients had grade IV, and 18 (58 %) had grade V renal traumas. Twenty-seven (87 %) of the patients had suffered blunt trauma, and four (13 %) had sustained penetrating injuries. Additional organ injuries were seen in 16 patients (52 %), and 15 (48 %) had no concurrent injuries. Twenty-five patients (89 %) were monitored conservatively, three (10 %) underwent surgery, and three patients with grade V renal trauma and additional organ injuries died. There was no statistically significant difference between the grade IV and grade V groups, except in hemoglobin values and the affected kidney ( P = 0.07 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: Computerized tomography can help to grade renal injury and assess additional organ injuries quickly. Most children with high-grade renal injury can be managed conservatively. However, conservative management of renal traumas relies on a multidisciplinary approach. Additionally, surgical intervention is generally required in the face of hemodynamic instability or other concurrent organ injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we aim to compare clinical diagnoses and post-mortem diagnoses of explosion-related deaths and identify the unrevealed diagnoses missed by physicians. Forensic autopsy reports of three years between January 2012 and December 2014 were collected retrospectively and 277 explosion-related deaths are included in the study. Out of 277 cases, 245 (88.4%) of them are male and 32 (11.6%) of them are female. The mean age is 27.8 years. The mean injury severity score is 37.8 ± 14.54.90 and 32.5% of the cases died in the first 24 h after getting injured. The most frequent injury is head injury (39.0%) and the second most frequent is injuries to multiple body regions (27.8%). Of eight cases of lower extremity injuries, six were found to have injuries of large vessels in post-mortem examinations. Our conclusion is that injury severity scores in cases of explosion-related injuries are higher than those in cases of general trauma. The frequency of missed diagnoses is higher in cases of vessel injuries and multiple injuries. It can be thought that small but lethal lesions can be overlooked when a major trauma is dealt with. In addition, injuries of the internal organs due to blast effects without any macroscopic examination findings can be misleading for physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]