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Background: A persistent redox state and excessive reactive species involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism lead to oxidative damage in the liver, however, how fasting plasma concentrations of lipids and glucose are associated with fasting blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) remains to be evaluated in large-scale population. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 182,971 residents aged 18 to 92 years; multidimensional stratified analyses including quantile linear regression analysis and sex stratification were adopted to improve the quality of the evidence. Results: The associations between the concentrations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride and ALT levels were positive, stronger in males in each quantile of ALT levels and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 3.610 and 5.678 in males and 2.977 and 5.165 in females, respectively. The associations between the HDL-C concentrations and ALT levels were negative, also stronger in males in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of -7.839 in females and − 5.797 in males. The associations between glucose concentrations and ALT levels were positive, but stronger in females in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 1.736 in males and 2.177 in females, respectively. Similar pattern consist of relatively weaker coefficients and slops were observed between concentrations of non-HDL-C, triglyceride and glucose and AST levels. The associations between albumin concentration and concentrations of blood lipids and glucose were relatively steady across all quantiles. Conclusions: The dose dependent effect between blood concentrations of lipids and glucose and liver function changes suggests that excessive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may cause subclinical liver damage. Long term sustained primary and secondary inflammatory factors produced in the liver might be transmitted to adjacent organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, to cause and/or exacerbate pathological changes in these visceral organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), or Kissing Virus, is a member of the Herpes virus that can be a contributory factor for compromised pregnant, high-risk aborted women worldwide. The present study aimed to detect high-risk EBV by the Monospot test for pregnant, high-risk aborted women, to detect immunoglobulin IgM and IgG for EBV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, to distinguish the infections as acute, chronic, or reactivated, and to determination of Enzymes as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alanine Transaminase (ALT).A cohort of 91 serum samples were collected from high-risk aborted women (ages 15-45 years) who attended Al-Medina Private Laboratory from February to December 2022.Sera were tested for heterophile antibodies(HA) associated with Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) caused by EBV by Latex Agglutination slide test (IM Quick test) and were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against EBV-CA in serum using the ELISA kit. Sera from the patients and healthy controls were analyzed for Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Alkaline phosphatase. Compared to healthy controls, the data showed that the late phase with loss and reactivated infection was responsible for 25% of cases and that the acute and late infection cases had a high of 64%. There were significant differences in the level of these hormones;aborted women showed increased levels of serum ALP (70.83) while having a reverse effect with serum ALT (11.7) and AST (25.43). EBV activation was higher in the aborted women. The study would help to determine the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of use (Lactuca sativa) oil on the body weight and the function of liver through measurement of level ofAspartate Transaminase enzyme (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme (ALT) and Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes in liver of local male rabbits. 18 rabbits average (1264-1530) gram were divided to 3 groups, every group have 6 local male rabbits, group 1 the control gives only 0.2 ml normal salineorally, and group (2), (3) gives only Lettuce plant oil at (0.1) ml/kg, (0.2) ml/kg respectively orally for (20) day. We conducted that the administration of Lettuce oil producea significance decrease (P< 0.05) at 0.2 ml/kg.b.w. in the body weight and there is a significant increase (P< 0.05) in level of Aspartate Transaminase enzyme and there is a significant increase (P< 0.01) in the level ofAlanine Aminotransferase enzyme and Malonaldehyde enzyme. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease (P< 0.05) at 0.1 ml/kg.b.w. in the level of Aspartate Transaminase enzyme and there is a significant decrease (P< 0.01) in the level of Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme and there is non significant differences (P< 0.01) in the Malonaldehyed enzyme. We concluded that the administration of Lettuce oil in low dose led to produce good effects whereas administration of Lettuce oil with high dose that will produces bad effects in the functionof liver and the body weight of local male rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ficus capensis Moraceae and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Euphorbiaceae leaves have been used separately in traditional medical practice to treat different ailments, of which anemia is one. This study aims to evaluate the effect of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius on hepatic, renal parameters and oxidative stress of phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. Methods: Thirty-five rats were randomized into seven groups (A–G) of five rats each. Groups A and B served as the normal control and anemic control, respectively, while Groups C, D, E, F, and G were treated with a standard drug (vitamin B12), 200mg/kg bw. aqueous extract of F. capensis, 400mg/kg b.w. aqueous extract of F. capensis, 200mg/kg bw. of a combination of aqueous extract of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius and 400mg/kg bw. of a combination of aqueous extract of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius, respectively. The biochemical analysis (liver and kidney function analysis, oxidative stress) was carried out using standard diagnostic techniques. Results: The results showed that there was significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the values obtained for Aspartate Transaminase (AST), alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, potassium ion, Total Cholesterol (TCHOL), Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TRIG), Very Low-density Lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in obtained values for High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) in all the extract-treated groups compared with the anemic-untreated. The values obtained for most of these biochemical parameters in the extract-treated groups were in the range of the normal control showing that the extract did not, in any way, alter the biochemical parameters. There was a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the glutathione peroxidase (Glut. Perox.) enzyme activity of the groups treated with the aqueous extract of F. capensis and its combination with C. aconitifolius compared with the anemic-untreated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius leaves may promote liver function parameters, maintain normal serum electrolyte level and kidney function indices, stimulate reduction of "bad cholesterols" and increase "good cholesterol" and reduce oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of aspartame on some biochemical changes of liver, sixty of female rats, with age of 60-75 day are used in this study, almost on an average live weight between (200-240 gm). The experiment concentrates on the daily dose, where the animals are randomly divided into four groups, each group contains 15 animals, three experiment groups treated and control group. The first group treatment G1 gavages with aspartame dose (250 mg/kg bw/day), the second group treatment G2 gavages with aspartame dose (500 mg/kg bw/day) and the third group treatment G3 dosage of (750 mg/ kg bw / day), while the control group dosed with 1ml physiologic solution daily (deionized distal water). All the groups had their daily dosages orally for 90 day and the experiment continued from 1 October 2018- 1 January 2019. After the end of experiment, blood sample was collected for estimate the concentration of liver enzymes: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The results of this study showed that female rats have significant increase (P> 0.05) in ALT concentration from the treatment groups comparing with control group. There is no significant differences (P >0.05) in the level of AST when it was compared with the control group, while there is significant increase (P> 0.05) in LDH level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To illustrate whether De Ritis (aspartate transaminase-AST/alanine transaminase-ALT) ratio is useful in risk stratification of localized prostate cancer and propose an easy predictive model for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS). Methods: In total, 438 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Blood samples including AST and ALT were collected 1-7 days before surgery. An elevated AST and ALT value was defined as over 40 or 56 IU/L. Results: The median AST and ALT value was 18.5 (16-22) and 14 (11-18) IU/L. In total, 15 patients (3.4%) and 9 patients (2.1%) exhibited elevated AST value and ALT value. The median De Ritis ratio was 1.33 (1.11-1.60), and ROC curve indicated the best cutoff of 1.325 in predicting the occurrence of biochemical recurrence. Higher De Ritis ratio was found to be related to older age ( p < 0.001), higher tumor stages ( p < 0.001) and Gleason Score ( p < 0.001), presence of seminal invasion ( p < 0.001), positive surgical margin ( p < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis ( p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that De Ritis ratio was an independent predictor for final Gleason Score ( p < 0.001), and multivariate Cox regression demonstrated De Ritis ratio as an independent risk factor for BCRFS. A simple predictive model which incorporated De Ritis ratio, pathological tumor stage and final Gleason Score could help risk stratification for BCRFS. Conclusion: Higher De Ritis ratio could be predictive for worse pathological outcomes and higher BCR in localized prostate cancer patients. A predictive model which incorporates De Ritis ratio, Gleason Score and pathological tumor stage could help risk stratification for BCRFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is gold standard treatment for cholelithiasis. This surgical procedure requires insufflation of carbon dioxide into peritoneal cavity. Intra-abdominal pressure increases, causing disturbances on blood flow of the portal vein with secondary liver injury. In this study we evaluated the hepatic function in 147 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three liver biomarkers have been measured 24 hours before and 24 hours after the surgery: Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin. The results show significantly increased levels of all 3 biomarkers, 24 hours after the surgery. We also found a correlation between surgery duration and levels of serum AST, ALT and bilirubin. The highest levels of hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin were recorded in patients with maxim of minutes (80-90) under pneumoperitoneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to data on adolescents and adults, limited research has been conducted on biological correlates among young children with possible psychological difficulties, especially in Asian countries. By focusing on various peripheral biochemical indicators, we investigated potential biological correlates of psychological states in a community sample of Taiwanese school children aged 6-10 years. In total, 307 students (159 obese children and 148 normal-weight children) were selected from first- and fourth-grade school children in eight elementary schools in the Taipei metropolitan area in 2009. These children underwent a comprehensive health examination, including a physical examination, blood sample analysis, and questionnaire administration in a hospital. Differences in anthropometric and serum biochemical readings were compared between children with average and worse levels on each of the five psychological domains. We found that interleukin (IL)-1β [ β = 1.29, 95 % confidence interval ( CI) 0.50-2.09], IL-10 ( β = 1.61, 95 % CI <0.01-3.24), fasting blood glucose ( β = 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01-0.15), homocysteine ( β = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.09-1.18), and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( β = 0.15, 95 % CI <0.01-0.31) were significantly positively associated with anxiety. In addition, IL-1β, insulin, AST, and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) were significantly positively associated with depression. Anger and disruptive behaviors were also related to specific biological correlates. Specific biological correlates, including AST/ALT, cardiovascular disease-related variables, and specific cytokines, were linked to particular psychological states among young children in this Asian population. These might provide a route for better understanding the biological aspects of children's mental health and might contribute to research on diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for psychiatric diseases in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymology is a diagnostic indicator for myocardial infarction and diabetes in hypertension patients. Therefore the selection of methods for measurement of cardiac enzyme, Aspartate transaminase (AST), Creatine kinase(CK), and isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MB form), determine the effectiveness of antihypertension drug would provide the physician with diagnostic and prognostic clinical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]