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A plow is a tool used to perform basic cultivation of soil in order to restore the arable soil layer. The quality of its execution is one of the most important factors that ensures the stable production of plant crops. With a well-executed basic tillage, the same plot is of the appropriate structure, which implies minimal energy consumption for pre-sowing preparation. The research was conducted in field conditions, and it included basic parameters that were an indicator of the productivity of machine and human work. The Zetor Forterra tractor has an installed power of 100.02 kW and is in operation for the first time. The goal of the research is to examine the possibility of adjusting basic parameters in order to increase the quality and productivity of work. The results obtained in this research indicate that despite the good conditions of exploitation of tractor aggregates, the effects that should be provided by new, modern mechanization during intensive production have not been achieved in It is necessary to pay special attention to parameters such as: coefficient of utilization of the work scope, shift efficiency, and productivity of machine and human work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was performed to assess the effect of the main tillage methods and rates of mineral fertilizers on the yield, quality, and economic efficiency of barley grain production under the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. The work was performed in 2014–2022 in crops of barley in a grain-grass row crop rotation located on a watershed plateau. The soil of the plot was typical medium loamy chernozem. We studied the variants with different rates of fertilizers: without fertilizers, N30Р30K30, and N60Р60K60 and with various methods of basic tillage: plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm, disking to 8–10 cm, and nonmoldboard loosening to 20–22 cm. The experimental data were processed according to the method of optimal planning of a multifactorial experiment. The yield of barley grain increased over the entire range of increased rate of fertilizers. The yield was the greatest (3.32–3.63 t/ha) on the background of plowing. The protein content and grain unit slightly depended on the rate of fertilizers. The mean for the fertilization variants amount of protein was maximal (13.1%) in the variant with soil disking and minimal nonmoldboard loosening (12.7%). The grain unit (631–637 g/L) corresponded to the first class according to GOST 28672-2019. Nonmoldboard loosening is preferable for obtaining better grain unit. The weight of 1000 grains increased parallel to the fertilizer rates. It was maximal (46.9–48.4 g) in the variants with nonmoldboard loosening and disking. The lowest prime cost of grain (4650 rubles/t on average) was recorded for disking. It increased from 4390–4820 to 4990–5540 rubles/t with the rise in the yield of barley grain in variants with higher rates of fertilizers, because yield gain did not cover the expenses for the application of higher fertilizer rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillage system and macronutrients are the many emerging farming issues that are addressed in contemporary cropping systems. In this regard, selection of a promising high-yielding variety of winter soft wheat was considered. The effects of basic tillage practices (Moldboard ploughing, Flat cutting ploughing and Disk ploughing) in combination with the different fertilization (Fertilizer-free, N90P50 and N180P100) were investigated on qualitative and quantitative parameters of winter wheat cultivar Grom under semi-arid environmental condition of southern Russia. The experimental design used in this experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest winter wheat Grom yield with the value of 5.3 and 5.6 t/ha was attained for Moldboard ploughing and Flat cutting ploughing at a depth of 20-22 cm combined with application of nutrients N180P100, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest grain yield (2.78 t/ha) was achieved in fertilizer-free treatment in combination with Disk ploughing 12-14 cm depth. Moldboard ploughing plus nutrient application N180P100had the best results on leaf area (48.2 thousand m²/ha), photosynthetic potential (million m² x day/ha) and dry biomass (10.1 t/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of agricultural production, Western Siberia is a risky farming zone. Unfavourable weather phenomena in some years include moisture deficiency in the first half of the growing season, which negatively affects yield, as well as excessive moisture and lack of heat in the second half of the period, which leads to a decrease in grain quality. The special natural conditions of Siberia require specific consideration of the use of agricultural technologies that compensate for factors that negatively affect the yield of the land. The purpose of the presented study was to determine the most effective tillage options for increasing the yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region (Russia). This study was conducted at the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University from 2014-19 to evaluate the effect of basic tillage with and without the use of coulisse strips on the weed infestation and yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region, Russia. Comparative evaluation of the basic tillage with or without sown coulisse strips showed less weed infestation of spring wheat (3.3-27.1 and 3.6- 29.4 no./m²) on the basic tillage variants (plowing and loosening) with sowing singleline coulisse strips, where the resulting larger yield of 3.74 t/ha (+ 0.17 t/ha compared to the control variant) was obtained. The results showed that moldboard tillage using coulisse strips had a positive effect on plant growth and development, due to the density, soil moisture, and weed reduction in obtaining high yield of spring wheat. The data obtained in the course of long-term studies can be used in the development of recommendations for agricultural production on the cultivation of spring wheat for grain and seeds under conditions close to those of the region under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regularities of the influence of crop rotations, methods of basic tillage, and doses of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of sugar beet were studied in a multifactorial field experiment established in 1987 in the Belgorod oblast on typical heavy loamy chernozem with a 5.18–5.32% humus content in the 0–30 cm layer and 52–58 and 95–105 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin), respectively, pHsalt = 5.8–6.4. The experiment was based on a full factorial 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 scheme, which includes 81 variants. The experiment had three repetitions. The plot size was 4 × 30 m. The regression method was used to describe the action and interaction of factors. The use of a quadratic model showed a close relationship between the actual and calculated values at R = 0.94–1.00. The grain-grass row crop rotation with perennial grasses had an advantage in which the average harvest of sugar beet root crops without fertilizers was 19.0 t/ha, 17.0 t/ha in the grain row crop rotation and 15.7 t/ha in the grain fallow crop rotation with black fallow. The nonmoldboard tillage was mostly used. In the grain-grass row crop rotation, the introduction of N180P180K180 increased the yield by 68.8–103.3%. The use of 80 t/ha of manure provided an increase in yield by 53.7–84.7%. In tilled crop rotations, yield increases from organic and mineral fertilizers were higher. In variants with double doses of mineral fertilizers, depending on tillage, the yield increased by 89.5–130.0%; with manure doses of 40 t/ha, the yield increased by 17.1–42.7%, 80 t/ha gave 86.8–109.3%. The maximum yield in the experiment (48.9 t/ha) was found in the crop rotation with black fallow and double doses of fertilizers against the background of plowing. The efficiency of mineral and organic fertilizers was higher when using deep tillage methods. The largest yield of sugar beet was found in the variants with the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]