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Recently, laser radiation and nanomaterials have been utilized to improve biogas yield via anaerobic digestion of herd's manure through biostimulating methanogenic bacteria. Yet, laser irradiation and nanomaterials as anaerobic bacteria stimulant could have environmental impacts that have not been assessed or known. The aim of the current research was to understand and evaluate variable laser doses in the presence of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and their environmental impacts during the production of biogas from treated manure. A life cycle assessment scheme was employed to achieve this aim. The used laser doses were 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h and correlated to 1-h incandescent light exposure, where all treatments received 2 g/m3 Ni NPs. The outcomes were conferred in the pattern of specific influences for the biogas utilization and production as an energy source. The studied impacts were global warming, greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, freshwater ecotoxicity and prospective human toxicity. Results revealed that laser irradiation with the addition of Ni NPs during the biostimulation of anaerobic digestion has the least environmental adverse effects when compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The microflora around and beneath restorations is an important factor of restoration failure. The aim of this pilot study was to determine and compare the microbial spectrum under composite and amalgam restorations with special attention to the anaerobic flora. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Ten composite and five amalgam restorations scheduled for replacement were clinically evaluated for marginal gaps, fractures, and secondary caries. After their removal and caries diagnosis, a dentin sample just below the restoration was taken under sterile conditions, stored in a prereduced transport medium for anaerobic bacteria, and immediately transferred to a laboratory for microbial diagnosis. RESULTS: The clinical parameters showing mostly moderate marginal imperfections and the ratios of aerobic to anaerobic flora were comparable for composite and amalgam restorations (11.4%:88.6% and 15.4%:84.5%, respectively). The microbial variety under composite restorations was much greater compared to amalgam, and it was similar to that of infected root canals including anaerobic gram-negative rods, such as Fusobacterium species or Porphyromonas species. Beneath amalgam, the microbial flora was similar to the one found in carious dentin and plaque, with anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-positive rods dominating. Quantitatively, there were up to eight times more microorganisms under composite restorations. The number of bacterial strains correlated with the caries activity and the filling material, the number of anaerobic rods correlated highly with caries activity and localization. In a linear regression, caries activity and the filling material had statistically significant influence on the bacterial load. CONCLUSION: Although caries activity and location had the greatest influence on the microbial flora under the restorations, the kind of restoration material seemed to have an additional effect on the composition of the microflora. This pilot study indicates that inadequate composite restorations may promote the growth of cariogenic, as well as obligate anaerobic and potentially pulpopathogenic bacteria, which should be confirmed by further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of TRICOIRE plate thermography system as diagnosis equipment in the field of dentistry. In a related study conducted, it is found that all kinds of acute diseases of the masticatory organ have been accompanied by positive plate thermograph findings with exemptions on pulp inflammation, gingivitis and diseases on temporomandibular joints. Hence, it is noted that plate thermographic TRICOIRE system should be considered as supplemental diagnostic approach that has to be used in some diagnostic process.

The article presents a study on the use of tricoire plate thermography system as a diagnostic technique in dentistry. It notes that tricoire plate thermography system uses flexible foils with microencapsulated liquid crystals, selected fro the particular object to be examined and the temperature range expected. It also notes that liquid crystal thermography provides an additional method for the visualization of heat distribution on the body surface. In addition, figures showing the thermographic studies are presented.

The article presents a systematic investigation of hygiene inside the dental treatment area. It is stated that as dental processes involve the mouth, which is a site of multitudes of bacteria, disinfection and sterilization must not be limited to the operatory area. It is suggested that hygiene should also be prioritized in other functional areas like waiting rooms, toilets, sterilization area, storeroom and dental laboratory. However, the radiography room and darkroom are often ignored when in fact, the intraoral radiography films or X-ray films can be badly contaminated in the oral cavity and can become sources of bacterial contamination for the entire practice.

The article discusses the usage of Graf-TMX apparatus for the temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJ) radiographs for the patients in dental office in Germany. The author mentions that initially the orthodontists uses extraoral radiographs for their diagnosis and checking during the treatment progress. However, the filed evolve and introduce the use of Graf-TMX apparatus that had been given to easier the works in dental offices, which change the practice of dentists. He then states that the apparatus permits quick, simplify and accurately adjust and position the radiographic equipment in taking TMJ film. Several figures of TMJ uses are presented.

We present a possible fabrication scheme of anisotropic nanoparticles grown in a crystal high-index material (SrTiO). Different ellipsoidal Au nano-antennas were formed by changing the Au seed layer thickness and subsequent embedding in SrTiO, prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Prior to the SrTiO deposition, a temperature-induced dewetting process of the thin Au films results in different particle sizes and size distributions, which are the basis for anisotropic particle formation after embedding in a crystalline SrTiO matrix. The dependence of the anisotropy on the Au seed layer thickness was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. At this was noticed a stronger increase in size in c-axis direction than in a/b-axis direction for an increase of the Au seed layers. Additionally, the optical response of the particles was detected via the plasmon resonance shift in extinction and scattering spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Poultry Science / Archiv für Geflügelkunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Arsenohopeite, ideally Zn3(AsO4)2·4H2O, is the arsenate analogue of hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O (it is isostructural with α-hopeite). It was found as a single colourless to blue crystalline grain from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia. The holotype specimen is ∼1 × 1 × 1 mm in size. Arsenohopeite is associated with tiny white fibres of an unidentified Zn- and As-bearing phase. It is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a= 10.804(2), b= 19.003(4), c= 5.112(1) Å, V= 1049.5(4) Å3and Z= 4. Electron microprobe analysis yielded: ZnO 44.92, Fe2O30.92, MnO 0.51, MgO 0.20, CuO 0.02, As2O545.84 (wt.%). The empirical formula is (Zn2.80Fe0.06Mn0.04Mg0.03)Σ2.93(As1.01O4)2·4H2O, based on 12 oxygen atoms. Optically, the mineral is biaxial negative, with α = 1.598(2), β = 1.606(2), γ = 1.613(2) (white light) and 2Vcalc= 86°. It is not pleochroic or fluorescent. Arsenohopeite is translucent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, has an uneven fracture and (by analogy with hopeite) a cleavage that is perfect on {010}, good on {100} and poor on {001}. The calculated density is 3.420 g cm–3. The five strongest calculated powder diffraction lines are [din Å (I)(hkl)]: 9.502 (100)(020), 2.926 (95)(241), 4.937 (50)(011), 4.110 (48)(230) and 3.567 (31)(240). The crystal structure of arsenohopeite has been solved by direct methods and refined in space group Pnmato R1= 0.0353. Raman spectroscopy confirms the crystal-structure data and indicates the presence of weak hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate the possibility of studying several diffusion couples in a single run, i.e. under almost similar P– T– t– $$ f_{{{\text{O}}_{ 2} }} $$ conditions, allowing direct comparison of the diffusion rates in different diffusion couples. Thus the duration of experimental study and the risk of failure of expensive experimental equipment can be decreased considerably. The diffusion experiments were carried out in piston-cylinder apparatus. Gem-quality garnets of almandine, spessartine and grossular compositions together with inclusion-rich eclogitic garnets were embedded in a powder of natural pyrope and annealed together under dry conditions at P = 1.9–3.2 GPa and T = 1,070–1,400°C. Diffusion profiles were measured by electron microprobe and fitted numerically on the basis of multicomponent diffusion theory. The datasets derived from different diffusion couples yields parameters of the Arrhenius equation for Ca, Mg and Fe in natural eclogitic garnets and Mg, Mn and Fe in gem-quality garnets. We have also studied the effect of grain-boundary diffusion in the sintered pyrope matrix on interdiffusion on the basis of 2D modeling. Under conditions analogous to those of our experimental runs, we show that observed irregularities in some measured diffusion profiles (not applied for the diffusion modeling) can be directly related to the superposition of local grain-boundary diffusion on dominant volume diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycoses is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous investigations demonstrated reduced exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes (CC) to an electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). This study investigated whether reduced exposure and no smoking (NS) would improve exercise performance. In a 3-period crossover study, 18 male adult smokers (age, 43.6±5.3 years) of CC were randomized to smoke CC (tar, 11 mg; nicotine, 0.8 mg; carbon monoxide, 11 mg), to use EHCSS (tar, 3 mg; nicotine, 0.2 mg; carbon monoxide, 0.4 mg [Federal Trade Commission method]), or to NS for 3 days before performing symptom-limited spiroergometry. NS and EHCSS vs CC resulted in less severe dyspnea (NS, 44.4% [P <.01 vs CC]; EHCSS, 50% [P =.03 vs CC]; CC, 88.9%), higher working capacity (NS, 2.92±0.4 W/kg [P =.06 vs CC]; ECHSS, 2.92±0.4 W/kg [P =.04 vs CC]; CC, 2.86±0.5W/kg), higher peak oxygen uptake (NS, 2694±466 mL O2/min [P =.08 vs CC]; EHCSS, 2830±606 mL O2/min [P =.03 vs CC]; CC, 2682±492 mL O2/min), higher anaerobic threshold (NS, 1324±306 mL O2/min; EHCSS, 1396±312 mL O2/min [P =.03 vs CC]; CC, 1315±290 mL O2/min), and higher maximum rate-pressure product (NS, 30.1±2.7 × 103 mm Hg/min; EHCSS, 2.8 × 103 mm Hg/min [P <.01 vs CC]; CC, 30.7±29.2±3.6 × 103 mm Hg/min) indicating that reduced exposure from tobacco smoke and NS for 3 days may improve cardiovascular function as detected by symptom-limited spiroergometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 1839 the young university lecturer Bernhard (von) Langenbeck (1810–1887) published the first description of a fungus as aetiological agent of an oro-pharyngeal and oesophageal candidosis. We present his in English translated paper entitled ‘Finding of fungi on the mucous membrane of the gullet of a typhoid fever corpse’ (Germ.) in ‘ Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde’ (Froriep). There are interesting particulars in Langenbeck's description and discussion. The publication happened at the same time as that by Johann Lukas Schoenlein about fungi as the cause of the favus lesions. In this time Langenbeck lived at Göttingen. Later he went to Kiel and Berlin and became one of the most prominent surgeons of the 19th century. He sponsored the founding of the German Surgical Society, the Berlin Medical Society and the ‘Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie’. In 1864 he was ennobled. Some of his assistants were Th. Billroth, R.U. Kroenlein, F. von Esmarch, and F. Trendelenburg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed the autopsy records of the Greifswald University Institute of Pathology (located in Eastern Germany) in respect of findings of candidosis and aspergillosis from 1994 to 2003. We also present eight immature aborted fetuses and premature infants with a mycosis. In a total of 2027 autopsies we found 164 cases of invasive candidosis and aspergillosis (8.1%) including a combination of both on four occasions. Other authors cited between 0.7 and 7.3%. In these 10 years in our material mycoses and in particular candidosis increased in spite of slightly decreased numbers of autopsies. The differences comparing the 5-years periods (1994–98 and 1999–2003) are highly significant for both mycoses and candidosis. They are not significant for aspergillosis. A similar relationship was observed in the distribution of mycotic organs and causative origin for candidosis alone. In the last 5 years the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, including the peritoneum, were more frequently infected byCandida. Non-haematological neoplasia and pneumonia as basic diseases more often appeared in cases of candidosis. All eight immature aborted fetuses and premature infants suffered from candidosis. The survey confirms the importance of autopsy as a tool for education and quality control in medical diagnostic and therapeutic activity in the field of mycoses, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycoses is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycoses is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycoses is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract In order to update the epidemiological and mycological profile of candidaemia in Europe, the European Confederation of Medical Mycology conducted a prospective, sequential, hospital population-based study from September 1997 to December 1999. A total of 2,089 cases were documented by 106 institutions in seven European countries. Rates of candidaemia ranging from 0.20 to 0.38 per 1,000 admissions were reported. Candida albicans was identified in 56% of cases. Non-albicans Candida species were most frequently isolated from patients with haematological malignancies (65%). With increasing age, an increasing incidence of Candida glabrata was seen. The 30-day mortality rate was 37.9%. The survey results underline the burden of candidaemia in a wide range of patient populations, confirm the importance of non-albicans species, and provide baseline data for future surveillance studies at a European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now that modern medicine can provide increasing chances of cure to patients with formerly incurable disorders, therapy-related complications play the key role in outcome. Thus, among opportunistic infections, severe candidiasis remains a challenge. A multidisciplinary panel of 20 investigators was formed to find a consensus on antifungal strategies for various underlying conditions in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. To record their preferences, the investigators used an anonymous voting system. Among antifungal agents, fluconazole emerged as the major alternative to the classic amphotericin B, being therapeutically at least equivalent but clearly less toxic. Factors that restrict the use of fluconazole include pretreatment with azoles, involvement of resistant species like Candida krusei, and an inability to exclude aspergillosis. Flucytosine can be reasonably combined with both amphotericin B and fluconazole. Within the limited antifungal armamentarium, amphotericin B lipid formulations and itraconazole also appear useful and require further investigation. The general consensus of the group is that antifungal agents should be administered at sufficient dosages, rather early, and often empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (1889-1927) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mineralogy & Petrology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mineralogy & Petrology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on experiences which have been gained at Wahnbachreservoir the success of chemical P-elimination in tributarie is described with regard to oligotrophication and subsequent improvement of the conditions for drinking water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enclosure experiments were carried out in eutrophic Chaohu Lake, China, to determine the phosphorus concentration threshold for algal growth. In the hypotrophic and turbid conditions and with Microcystis as the dominant algae species, the threshold in soluble reactive phosphorus concentration is determined as 0.019 mg P/1 which is lower than the actual phosphorus concentration in the lake. For the recovery of the lake, allochthonous nutrient load has to be reduced in large scale in order to reduce the nutrient concentration in the lake and to create a phosphorus limiting condition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a study which examined a zeolite mineral detected in one of the xenolith of the Bellberg volcano in Eifel, Germany. Indepth look at several single-crystal X-ray investigations; Methodology used to conduct the study; Results of the study.

Copyright of Infection is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In continuous-flow culture, long generation times and high bacterial counts favour survival of bacteria. A chemotherapeutic agent that achieves a bactericidal effect under these circumstances can therefore be seen as highly effective. In our continuous-flow culture we obtained bactericidal effects with ciprofloxacin 1-2 mg/L, cefotaxime 4 mg/L and mezlocillin 32 mg/L. These effects were seen irrespective of whether conditions were aerobic or anaerobic. There were no significant differences between monocultures and mixed cultures simulating faecal flora with the various Escherichia coli strains tested. Cefotaxime had an initial effect but an increase in counts was then observed as a result of regrowth of E. coli survivor strains in aerobic monoculture and mixed cultures. Mezlocillin was completely bactericidal in monocultures, but regrowth occurred in mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions. Neither the bacterial composition of this culture nor the resistance pattern explained this regrowth. These results were observed in long-term experiments followed for up to 7 days. We conclude that the antibiotics tested are highly effective against E. coli under unfavourable conditions simulating in-vivo situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with previous findings [1-3], we interpret Pityusa Patera as a volcanic caldera formed by subsidence (via collapse of a magma chamber) and therefore usually bound by normal faults (which we propose are now covered by the wrinkle-ridged plains). H. Bernhardt 1, D. A. Williams 1, C. Klimczak 2. 1 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA (h.bernhardt@asu.edu); 2 Structural Geology and Geomechanics Group, Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA. [Extracted from the article]

Discusses the possible diagnostic value of the parietal cell immunofluorescent test (PCIT) in pernicious anemia. Screening categories of patients susceptible to the development of pernicious anemia; Usefulness in the differential diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias.