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Developing embedded systems that are distributed is a challenging endeavour, since they need to ensure system-wide properties as well as existence of a large number of possible candidate system architectures. Various model based techniques advocate raising the abstraction level in order to support a holistic view of such a distributed embedded system. Furthermore, automatically generating implementation specific code from models can support realisation efforts including avoiding inconsistencies between model and code. In this paper we present how such efforts can be aided for a distributed embedded system modelled in the real time dialect of the Vienna Development Method, VDM-RT, by means of automatic code generation. The contributions in this paper are (1) code generation capabilities for distributed embedded system modelled in VDM-RT; (2) demonstration of its applicability for an industrial case study involving a distributed interlocking system from the railways domain. Additionally, we discuss the balance between code generation for a model, which assumes idealised communication (no messages lost), and manually produced code, e.g. in the industrial case study legacy low-level code ensures fault-tolerant communication in the final implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is an overview of the results of the investigation on electrochemical promotion of three catalytic reactions: methane oxidation with oxygen, NO reduction with hydrogen at 135 °C and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) at 170 °C in the [CH4/O2(or NO/H2 or CO/H2)/Ar//Pt (or Pt/Ru)//PBI(H3PO4)/H2, Ar] fuel cell. It has been shown that the partial methane oxidation to C2H2 and the C2 selectivity were electrochemically promoted by the negative catalyst polarization. This was also the case in NO reduction with hydrogen for low NO and H2 partial pressures. In both cases the catalytic reactions have been promoted by the electrochemically produced hydrogen. It has been found that the NO reduction with hydrogen on the Pt/PBI strongly depends on NO and hydrogen partial pressures in the working gas mixture. At higher NO and H2 partial pressures the catalysis is promoted by the electrochemical pumping of H+ from the catalyst, i.e. at positive polarization. FTS demonstrated the highest methane production rate (11% of CO conversion) at zero fuel cell voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]