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Skin cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, and it has been widely developed worldwide since the last decade. Malignant melanoma is currently the most deadly skin cancer. If malignant melanoma is diagnosed at an early stage, the probability of patients being cured will be greatly improved. At present, most existing skin lesion image classification methods only use deep learning. However, the multi‐modal features of skin lesions in the medical domain are not well utilized and integrated. To reduce the classification error of the skin lesion images caused by the complexity and subjectivity of visual interpretation, a malignant melanoma dermoscopy image classification method based on multi‐modal medical features is proposed in this paper which is inspired by the fuzzy decision‐making process of doctors. It can reduce the subjective difference in the image classification process and assist dermatologists to analyze the skin lesion area. Firstly, the feature detection method based on the extension theory can effectively quantify the difference between different colour features. Then, an interpretable segmentation edge of the skin lesion is established by using the neutrosophic theory which can convert the image into the neutrosophic space. The edge of the skin lesion is captured by applying the Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model (HGMM) method. Next, the edge sequence is established by segmenting the edge, and the contour regularity, symmetry, and uniformity of the edge of the skin lesion are analyzed. Finally, the extracted multi‐feature sets are used for dermoscopy image classification. Experiments are carried out on real datasets, and the classification accuracy of four kernel functions is verified. The experimental results show that the authors' method can effectively improve the classification accuracy of benign dermoscopy images and malignant dermoscopy images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) materials have emerged as attractive anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of the high intrinsic electronic conductivity, rich redox sites and unique reaction mechanism. In this work, we report the synthesis and electrochemical properties of a novel bimetallic TMCs material CuSbSe2. The as‐prepared anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 545.6 mA h g−1 for SIBs and 592.6 mA h g−1 for LIBs at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, and an excellent rate capability of 425.9 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1 for SIBs and 226.0 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 for LIBs without any common‐used surface modification or carbonaceous compositing. In addition, ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveal a combined conversion‐alloying reaction mechanism of LIBs and NIBs. Our findings suggest bimetallic CuSbSe2 could be a potential anode material for both SIBs and LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin lesion segmentation is the first and indispensable step of malignant melanoma recognition and diagnosis. At present, most of the existing skin lesions segmentation techniques often used traditional methods like optimum thresholding, etc., and deep learning methods like U-net, etc. However, the edges of skin lesions in malignant melanoma images are gradually changed in color, and this change is nonlinear. The existing methods can not effectively distinguish banded edges between lesion areas and healthy skin areas well. Aiming at the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges, the neutrosophic set theory is used in this paper which is better than fuzzy theory to deal with banded edge segmentation. Therefore, we proposed a neutrosophy domain-based segmentation method that contains six steps. Firstly, an image is converted into three channels and the pixel matrix of each channel is obtained. Secondly, the pixel matrixes are converted into Neutrosophic Set domain by using the neutrosophic set conversion method to express the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges of malignant melanoma images. Thirdly, a new Neutrosophic Entropy model is proposed to combine the three memberships according to some rules by using the transformations in the neutrosophic space to comprehensively express three memberships and highlight the banded edges of the images. Fourthly, the feature augment method is established by the difference of three components. Fifthly, the dilation is used on the neutrosophic entropy matrixes to fill in the noise region. Finally, the image that is represented by transformed matrix is segmented by the Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model clustering method to obtain the banded edge of the image. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed on malignant melanoma image dataset to evaluate the performance of the NeDSeM method. Compared with some state-of-the-art methods, our method has achieved good results in terms of performance and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has abnormal growth on body parts. Early detection of the lesion is necessary, especially malignant melanoma, which is the deadliest form of skin cancer. It can be more readily treated successfully if detected and classified accurately in its early stages. At present, most of the existing skin lesion image classification methods only use deep learning. However, medical domain features are not well integrated into deep learning methods. In this paper, for skin diseases in Asians, a two-phase classification method for skin lesion images is proposed to solve the above problems. First, a classification framework integrated with medical domain knowledge, deep learning, and a refined strategy is proposed. Then, a skin-dependent feature is introduced to efficiently distinguish malignant melanoma. An extension theory-based method is presented to detect the existence of this feature. Finally, a classification method based on deep learning (YoDyCK: YOLOv3 optimized by Dynamic Convolution Kernel) is proposed to classify them into three classes: pigmented nevi, nail matrix nevi and malignant melanomas. We conducted a variety of experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in skin lesion images. Compared with three state-of-the-art methods, our method significantly improves the classification accuracy of skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Li2CO3‐passivated Li3N with high stability is prepared by aging Li3N powder in dry air, and is then used as an electrode additive for a Li(Li0.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52)O2 (LLMO) cathode material. The material shows a large irreversible capacity of 800 mA h g−1 during the first charge, with the formation of a Li2N intermediate product. Acting as a Li+ sacrificial salt for a LLMO(+)/graphite(−) Li‐ion battery, 2 wt % Li3N results in a 10 % increase in discharge capacity. The Li2N intermediate product reacts with the electrolyte, forming a uniform and regular surface film on the cathode. Moreover, chemical bonding between LLMO and N improves the electrode stability, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The size and conductivity of the electrode materials play a significant role in the kinetics of sodium‐ion batteries. Various characterizations reveal that size‐controllable VS4 nanoparticles can be successfully anchored on the surface of graphene sheets (GSs) by a simple cationic‐surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal method. When used as an electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries, these VS4@GS nanocomposites show large specific capacity (349.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles), excellent long‐term stability (84 % capacity retention after 1200 cycles), and high rate capability (188.1 mAh g−1 at 4000 mA g−1). A large proportion of the capacity was contributed by capacitive processes. This remarkable electrochemical performance was attributed to synergistic interactions between nanosized VS4 particles and a highly conductive graphene network, which provided short diffusion pathways for Na+ ions and large contact areas between the electrolyte and electrode, resulting in considerably improved electrochemical kinetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graphene@MoS2@TiO2 hybrid material was successfully prepared by a multi-step solution chemistry method. Few-layered MoS2 nanosheets were impregnated into the nanovoids of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres and the composite was further encapsulated by a graphene layer. When used as a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, the nanovoids of TiO2 reduced aggregation of MoS2 and suppressed the large volume change of the active material. Moreover, the dissolution and shuttle of polysulfides were effectively suppressed by the hybrid bonding between MoS2 and TiO2. The nano-sized MoS2 and TiO2 particles encapsulated by a high electronic conductive graphene layer improved the charge transfer reaction of the electrode. Due to these merits, the graphene@MoS2@TiO2 showed a large discharge capacity of 980 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 current density with a capacity retention of 89% after 200 cycles. Moreover, the material delivered 602 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 current density, much larger than 91 mA h g−1 for the pristine MoS2. This demonstrated that the hybrid graphene@MoS2@TiO2 microspheres have great potential as a high-performance negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical uses of magnesium-ion batteries are hindered by their poor rate capability and fast capacity decay. Moreover, traditional sodium ion batteries suffer from serious safety problems resulting from the sodium dendrites formed on the anode. In order to circumvent these problems, we designed a highly reversible Na+/Mg2+ hybrid-ion battery composed of a metallic Mg anode, a TiS2 derived titanium sulfide cathode and a 1.0 M NaBH4 + 0.1 M Mg(BH4)2/diglyme hybrid electrolyte. The battery showed remarkable electrochemical performances with a large discharge capacity (200 mA h g−1 at the 1C rate), high rate capability (75 mA h g−1 at the 20C rate) and long cycle life (90% capacity retention after 3000 cycles). Moreover, it exhibited excellent safety properties due to dendrite-free Mg deposition of the anode and the high thermal stability of the cathode. These merits demonstrate the great potential of the reported Na+/Mg2+ hybrid-ion battery for large-scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for large-scale and safe energy storage is increasing rapidly due to the strong push for smartphones and electric vehicles. As a result, Li+/Mg2+ hybrid-ion batteries (LMIBs) combining a dendrite-free deposition of Mg anode and Li+ intercalation cathode have attracted considerable attention. Here, a LMIB with hydrothermal-prepared MoS2 nano flowers as cathode material was prepared. The battery showed remarkable electrochemical properties with a large discharge capacity (243 mAh g−1 at the 0.1 C rate), excellent rate capability (108 mAh g−1 at the 5 C rate), and long cycle life (87.2 % capacity retention after 2300 cycles). Electrochemical analysis showed that the reactions occurring in the battery cell involved Mg stripping/plating at the anode side and Li+ intercalation at the cathode side with a small contribution from Mg2+ adsorption. The excellent electrochemical performance and extremely safe cell system show promise for its use in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich layered oxide Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2 (LNCM) is, for the first time, examined as the positive electrode for hybrid sodium-ion battery and its Na+ storage properties are comprehensively studied in terms of galvanostatic charge-discharge curves, cyclic voltammetry and rate capability. LNCM in the proposed sodium-ion battery demonstrates good rate capability whose discharge capacity reaches about 90 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate and excellent cycle stability with specific capacity of about 105 mA h g−1 for 200 cycles at 5 C rate. Moreover, ex situ ICP-OES suggests interesting mixed-ions migration processes: In the initial two cycles, only Li+ can intercalate into the LNCM cathode, whereas both Li+ and Na+ work together as the electrochemical cycles increase. Also the structural evolution of LNCM is examined in terms of ex situ XRD pattern at the end of various charge-discharge scans. The strong insight obtained from this study could be beneficial to the design of new layered cathode materials for future rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium ‐ Ion Batteries The lithium ‐ rich layered oxide Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2, as potential cathode material for the next ‐ generation lithium ‐ ion batteries, was studied for the first time as the positive electrode for a hybrid sodium ‐ ion battery. The proposed cell demonstrates an excellent sodium ‐ storage performance. More importantly, a mixed ‐ ion migration process is proposed; this illustrates that both lithium and sodium ions can work as charge carriers during the electrochemical reactions. The full story can be found in the Full Paper by F. Du et al. on page 11610 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]