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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical play important role in human health. ROS are known to be the markers of oxidative stress associated with different pathologies including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Accordingly, ROS level detection in biological systems is an essential problem for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical methods seem to have promising prospects in ROS determination due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simple equipment. This review demonstrates application of modern electrochemical sensors for ROS detection in biological objects (e.g., cell lines and body fluids) over a decade between 2011 and 2021. Particular attention is paid to sensors materials and various types of modifiers for ROS selective detection. Moreover, the sensors comparative characteristics, their main advantages, disadvantages and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an overview of the primary applications of generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) to analytical chemistry. 2D-COS is a method used to analyze datasets obtained by spectroscopic measurements. This approach is based on the use of 2D correlation maps to detect and analyze correlations between different spectral regions or data from two measurement methods. The objective of employing 2D-COS is to enhance the volume of analytical information by uncovering latent correlations within the data. Analysis of such correlations for series of spectral data, acquired over a range of analyte concentrations, pH values, or component ratios in mixtures, and also under varying temperatures or other external factors, enables investigating and elucidating chemical processes and interactions. This information is not readily attainable directly from the spectra. In comparison to one-dimensional spectra, 2D-COS excels in the significance of analytical information, particularly in the identification of components and the determination of the composition of complex mixtures. 2D-COS can also be used for monitoring changes in a sample over time, which makes it a valuable tool for studying dynamically evolving systems. Overall, 2D-COS is a sufficiently versatile approach that can be employed in conjunction with numerous methods, addressing a wide range of analytical tasks and complex samples, also without sample preparation. The review highlights achievements in the application of 2D-COS by the beginning of September 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in maintaining human health and are recognized as indicators of oxidative stress linked to various conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Consequently, detecting ROS levels in biological systems is crucial for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical approaches offer promising opportunities for ROS determination due to their exceptional sensitivity, speed, and simplicity of equipment. This review covers studies using advanced electrochemical nanozyme sensors for detecting ROS in biological samples that were published over the last ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Emphasis is placed on the sensor materials and different types of modifiers employed for selective ROS detection. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the sensors' selectivity was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the sources and mechanisms of plutonium release into the environment is summarized. The magnitudes and distribution of global plutonium fallout, as well as data on technogenic sources of plutonium isotope releases into the environment, are reviewed. For this purpose, the supply of plutonium as a result of nuclear explosions at test sites, such as Nevada, Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, etc., and the scale of environmental contamination as a result of tests were considered. The data on the intake of plutonium after nuclear and radiation accidents at nuclear power plants (Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Fukushima, etc.) and at enterprises of the nuclear complex (Kyshtym accident, etc.) are presented. Separately, plutonium intake into the natural environment through emissions and discharges of nuclear complex enterprises (Sellafield, MCC (Krasnoyarsk), etc.) is considered. Information about the levels and content of plutonium isotopes in various media and environmental objects, as well as information about the parameters characterizing the migration of plutonium in various media and the transition between them is generalized and presented. Forms of plutonium occurrence in soils (distribution by granulometric fractions, chemical forms, "hot" particles, etc.) are considered, and information on the characteristic levels of plutonium concentrations in soils for various objects is summarized. Data on the concentrations of plutonium in the air are given. Information on the forms of plutonium in the aquatic environment, as well as on the characteristic levels of plutonium concentrations in various water bodies, including the World's oceans, is presented. Information on the transition coefficients of plutonium isotopes in the soil–plant system is summarized. Particular attention is paid to plutonium isotopes in biological objects and the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on low-temperature SQUID sensors, an ultra-sensitive magnetometric system has been created for the analysis of nanoparticles in biological objects. The main features of the SQUID magnetometric system and information technology during registration and analysis of magnetic signals from organs of laboratory animals are considered. Experimental data on the operation of the magnetometric system and algorithms of data recording and processing in the study of physical models (small animals) with nanoparticles are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article a spatial confinement of microobjects were explored in the radiofrequency Paul trap at normal pressure. Spores of Lycopodium Clavatum, 33 μm in diameter, and CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots conglomerates with size of 2–7 μm were used as such microobjects. Zero-crossing orbits of these objects were observed for the first time what indicates the nonlinear nature of dynamics of these particles in localization area. Mathematical description of particle dynamics in a viscous is presented. It is shown that friction value depends on the radius of microobjects and dynamic viscosity. Moreover, zero-crossing orbits of charged particles in the radiofrequency Paul trap were numerically simulated. A new method of comparative analysis of the morphology of microparticles is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A device was developed for searching of optimal parameters for the treatment of biological objects by an alternating magnetic field, where the optimal parameters are determined through automated analysis of the dependencies of the physical characteristics of biological liquids obtained from those biological objects on the frequency and strength of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technique & Energy of APK is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technique & Energy of APK is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two methods have been developed for determining antitumor drug vinblastine in blood plasma and prostate gland tissue by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis ( CE) with detection at 214 nm. The lower limit of quantitative determination (15 ng/mL) was achieved with HPLC. The higher accuracy ( CV), precision and selectivity have been achieved with CE method, 0.09, 90, and 100%, respectively. The sample preparation of blood plasma and previously homogenized prostate gland tissue included solid-phase extraction on Supelco DSC-18 cartridges. The recovery of vinblastine from the blood plasma was 91 ± 3% and from the tissue, 82 ± 5% ( n = 6). The developed methods were implemented for the therapeutic monitoring of vinblastine in the procedure of intracavitary drug electrophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for diagnosing the molecular structure and composition of aromatic bioactive preparations is developed by the example of pharmaceutical objects: analgin, citramon, aspirin, and paracetamol. The method is based on fiber-optic measurements of fluorescence spectra upon laser ultraviolet (266 nm) excitation with high (0.1 mm) spatial resolution. It is shown that the inhomogeneity of a pharmaceutical preparation containing several components is observed at a distance of a few millimeters. Difference fluorescence spectra are constructed, which allow detection of differences in preparation compositions and structures even in the case of closeness of their fluorescence spectra. The developedmethod can be used to control quality of a large class of bioactive structures luminescing under ultraviolet light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed the feasibility and expediency of using a probabilistic neural network as a classifier for processing and interpreting data obtained using a biosensor we have developed that is based on whispering-gallery-mode optical resonance. We have established that the probabilistic neural network makes it possible to correctly classify the biological compounds under study with average 97.3% probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological objects were micromanipulated with a magnetic microactuator. These objects are pushed with a small ferromagnetic particle whose size can be as small as 10 × 10 × 5 μm[sup 3] . This particle is called the manipulator and is moved thanks to a permanent magnet. This magnetic device allows the manipulation of objects in an extremely confined space. As biological objects are fragile, the force applied on them must be controlled during the manipulation. The model we present allows to determine the force applied by the device on the manipulated object. Several experimental measurements are presented in order to validate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined toxicity of inorganic substances: Ag(I)−Cu(II), Cr(VI)−Ni(II) is studied in a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The dynamics of yeast growth in the presence of individual metals an their combinations is examined. A diagram method for the evaluation of combined toxicity is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducted content analysis of existing theories that justify and explain the physical effects of electromagnetic (mm) waves extremely high frequency (EHF) range of non-thermal intensity on biological objects. Proposed use of energy-saving nanotechnologies intensify the growth of crops and organisms. The result is a Hyper-activation nitrate and the inhibitory effect of radiation on the functional activity of the ROS generation (with the activation of respiratory explosion turbolover ether). When two-fold increase in the magnitude of the magnetic field (magnetic induction MP) compared to the background changes the direction of the effect of EMR UHF and shifts the resonant frequency effect. Assuming that MP alters the affinity with -dependent enzymes, increase MP specific way modifies the activity of some key enzymes. On the background of the modified enzymatic activity of EMR UHF is changing that in the future if the impact on functional activity of neutrophils are manifested as activation of synergistic reactions. On the background of the changed functional status of the cell due to the action of MP can become more effective is another frequency of EHF-radiation, so there is a slight shift of the resonance frequency of the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]