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The article discusses the addition of a single-step multiple restriction enzyme digestion (MRED) to differentially digest polymerase chain reaction products amplified from unconverted DNA. The method commonly used to analyze DNA methylation is the bisulfite genomic sequencing tool. However, it often result to failed experiments, uninformative results and false positives because the tool has high rates of DNA degradation and incomplete cytosine to uracil conversion. A chart is presented listing the guidelines for choosing MRED restriction enzymes.

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies offer a powerful unbiased method for the identification of multiple susceptibility genes for complex diseases. Here we report the results of a GWA study for Crohn's disease (CD) using family trios from the Quebec Founder Population (QFP). Haplotype-based association analyses identified multiple regions associated with the disease that met the criteria for genome-wide significance, with many containing a gene whose function appears relevant to CD. A proportion of these were replicated in two independent German Caucasian samples. including the established CD loci NOD2 and !BDS. The recently described IL23R locus was also identified and replicated. For this region, multiple individuals with all major haplotypes in the QFP were sequenced and extensive fine mapping performed to identify risk and protective alleles. Several additional loci, including a region on 3p21 containing several plausible candidate genes, a region near JAKMIP1 on 4p16.1, and two larger regions on chromosome 17 were replicated. Together with previously published loci, the spectrum of CD genes identified to date involves biochemical networks that affect epithelial defense mechanisms, innate and adaptive immune response, and the repair or remodeling of tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

- The advantages of continuous ambulatory monitoring of intravesical and intraurethral pressures, using a portable tape recorder and pressure sensitive catheter tip transducers, have been demonstrated in a group of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. The effects of postural changes and sleep on urethral and bladder function were obtained continuously under optimum physiological conditions. A correlation was established between symptoms and changes observed on urodynamic recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report deals with recommendations on terminology related to neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract with particular reference to classification of the neuropathic bladder. These standards are proposed to facilitate comparison of results by investigators who use urodynamic methods. It is recommended that the acknowledgement of these standards in written publications be indicated by a footnote to the section 'Methods and Material' or its equivalent: 'Methods, definitions and units conform to the standards proposed by the International Continence Society except where specifically noted'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report continues with recommendations on procedures related to the evaluation of micturition. It covers pressure-flow relationships and residual urine. These recommendations were subject to discussion during the Seventh Annual Meeting of the International Continence Society in Portoroz, Yugoslavia, September 1977. These standards are proposed to facilitate comparison of results by investigators who use urodynamic methods. It is recommended that the aknowledgement of these standards in written publications be indicated by a footnote to the section 'Methods and Material' or its equivalent: 'Methods, definitions and units conform to the standards proposed by the International Continence Society except where specifically noted.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of industrial sites, such as for nuclear or fossil power stations, often requires detailed analysis of the existing sound levels and acoustic impact of the proposed facility at each site. Such a study was performed for five potential power station sites according to the guidelines set forth by a state licensing agency with extensive site study requirements. As required by the state, ambient sound level contours, plant construction, operation and maintenance contours, and sound level impact contours were prepared for each site for the 12 required sampling periods. A variety of land uses ranging from rural to industrial-urban were included in the study. This paper summarized the techniques involved in developing and analyzing the contouring process to the various acoustic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "The Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Proposed New Scoring System for Videolaryngoscopy," by A. D. Swann et al. published in a 2012 issue.

The rapid increase in the use of cooling towers for power plant condenser cooling in recent years has presented utilities with a potential community noise problem. Uncontrolled sound levels from large nuclear power station cooling towers may range as high as 60 dBA at 2000 ft, depending upon the type of towers used. This paper presents sound pressure level measurements of several large mechanical draft and natural cooling tower installations and compares the data with published methods of predicting tower noise. The importance of considering cooling tower noise in relation to noise codes and expected community response in site and tower selection is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power companies are expecting to double their electrical generating facilities every 10 years, and in order to build new facilities these companies need the approval of local and state agencies. In this particular study, the power company had a 560-MW facility completed in the late 1960's and petitioned the state for permission to build an additional 560-MW facility. The acoustical criterion proposed by engineers for Unit 2, now being designed, was nondegradation of the present ambient. The sound level of the combined plant must not exceed the present ambient level of 46-50 dBA at the nearest neighbors in all directions. To achieve this criterion, noise sources will be quieted both in the existing unit and in the future unit. This paper presents the results of our initial community ambient noise survey around the existing plant made to establish the present conditions. The individual noise sources determined at that time to be distinct contributors to the plant noise in the community are described. These sources include a 400-MW autotransformer, air intake louvers to forced draft fans, the main 560-MW transformer, and boiler feed pump equipment. SPL data of these sources, both close-in and in the community, are presented as examples of some typical community noise problems associated with power plants. Also the requirements for noise control as related to the planned addition are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise surveys were conducted in the vicinity of and inside the Niagara Mohawk Power Company 365 Mw, four-unit steam station at Oswego, New York. Neighborhood SPL measurements were made both day and night at nine sites within 600 to 2000 ft of the plant. An inventory of the land usage in the area is presented. Typical octave band sound pressure-level measurements are given along with dBA contours around the plant. Measurements taken within the plant delineate the primary noise sources and reverberant noise levels. Comparisons made of the measured and calculated SPLs in the community confirm the suspected noise escape paths. Criteria are established for a new 800-Mw unit based upon a nondegradation policy toward the present sound levels. Special recommendations are made for the wall and roof construction, ventilation silencers, and fan room enclosures to ensure that the new unit meets the specified criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]