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Background: Appendicectomy is a common procedure in children. Regional anaesthesia helps reduce requirements for opioids and hospital stay and enhances recovery. Laparoscopic-assisted Transversus Abdominus Plane block (L-TAP) was shown to be efficient and potentially superior to port site infiltration (PSI); however, this was not previously studied in paediatric appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of L-TAP compared to PSI in children undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA). Methods: A single-blinded RCT was performed to compare L-TAP to PSI with 0.25% plain bupivacaine at the end of an LA. Patients aged 6–16 years diagnosed with uncomplicated acute appendicitis (AAST grade 1) were randomised to either group in a 1:1 fashion. Complicated appendicitis, open or Lap-converted to open appendicectomies, were excluded. Outcome measures included the total amount and number of doses of opiates and clonidine required, length of stay (LOS), and visual analogue score (VAS) of pain. Results: 49 patients in the PSI group and 41 in the L-TAP group were included; the mean age was 11.3 ± 2.4 years. There was no significant difference in age and weight between the groups. One patient in each group required opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in the theatre recovery room; however, on retrospective review, this was not clinically warranted. Seven patients in each group required morphine while in recovery (p = 0.4). There was no significant difference in total morphine (PSI 0.12 vs L-TAP 0.04 mg/kg body weight, p = 0.1) and clonidine (PSI 0.57 vs L-TAP 0.59 micro gm/kg body weight, p = 0.5) requirement during the hospital stay. Patients in the L-TAP group had two hours shorter LOS than the PSI group (38.0 ± 3.9 vs 39.7 ± 4.1, p = 0.38). There was no significant difference in VAS scores. Conclusion: There was no difference between L-TAP and PSI. L-TAP was feasible, easy to earn, and safe. We recommend that it be considered in clinical protocols and local guidelines as part of the peri-operative analgesia regimen, especially when ultra-sound guided blocks are unavailable. Overall, patients with uncomplicated appendicitis who undergo LA have low VAS scores and require mostly simple analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic and widely depicted incidents of racial injustice in the United States caused marked stress and shifts in society in 2020, leading to an acceleration of discussions related to promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) in family‐oriented mental health professions, including through training. Despite the consequential role leaders of academic programs play in overseeing didactic and clinical training, little research has examined approaches for supporting academic leaders in promoting DEIJ in family science‐related academic training programs. In this collaborative autoethnography, we, six participants in a diversity and anti‐racism peer consultation group for leaders of couple/marriage and family therapy (C/MFT) programs, present our experiences participating in the group over the past two years. At the start of the group, many of us were experiencing profound isolation and stress due to intensified responsibilities subsequent to the COVID‐19 pandemic and broadcast depictions of racial injustice. We experienced the group as a safe, inclusive space to grow personally and professionally, which subsequently inspired us to make changes in our programs. We also recognized the need for greater infrastructure to support program directors in developing DEIJ leadership skills. Future directions for research include examining experiences and outcomes of director‐initiated DEIJ change, as well examination of DEIJ‐focused peer consultation groups among family systems‐oriented academic leaders of diverse disciplines and nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated college students' normative experiences of stress, leading to a mental health crisis. One factor that may protect against the consequences of stress is emotional intelligence (EI), which is associated with a wide range of social, mental health, and academic outcomes. The present study aims to determine whether EI might buffer the effects of life, recent, spillover, and pandemic stress on students' depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A secondary aim is to assess whether the hypothesized EI-buffering effect is unique to stress experienced during the pandemic. In 2013, 90 undergraduate students completed measures of EI, recent and life stress, spillover stress, and depression. Another 382 students completed the same survey in 2021, with an additional measure of pandemic stress. Regression analyses investigated the moderating effects of EI on the impact of stress on depression. As hypothesized, EI significantly moderated associations between combined recent and life stress [F(1, 460) = 16.11, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.020], as well as spillover stress [F(1,460) = 6.43, p = 0.012, η2 = 0.008], and depression symptoms for both samples. Also as predicted, EI significantly moderated COVID-related stress and depression symptoms [F(1,373) = 7.44, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.011]. Findings indicate that EI serves as a stress buffer for college students during normatively stressful times as well as during the heightened stress of a global pandemic, although its benefit may differ by type of stress. Future research should explore the possible specificity of EI's buffering effects on the relationship between different types of stress experienced by college students and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including feminist perspectives on life and freedom, advocacy for addressing post-rape issues, and interviews with prominent figures in the field of family therapy and feminism.

In this assessment of Noah Baumbach's films, The Squid and the Whale and Marriage Story, the use of parental alienating behaviors is examined. Examples are organized according to Darnall's (Darnall, D. (1998). Divorce casualties: Protecting your children from parental alienation. Taylor Trade Publishing.) types of alienators – naive, active, or obsessed – and across Baker and Fine's (Baker, A. J. L., & Fine, P. R. (2014). Co-parenting with a toxic ex: What to do when your ex-spouse tries to turn the kids against you. New Harbinger Publications.) categories: (a) poisonous messages, (b) interfering with contact and communication, (c) erasing or replacing the targeted parent, (d) enlisting the child to betray the targeted parent, and (e) undermining the targeted parent's authority and fostering dependence in the child. Implications of this review are two-fold - examples across categories and types of alienating behaviors can be utilized in mental health training programs to help identify and understand the dynamics of parental alienation. Early detection of alienating behaviors is imperative to safeguard children and foster the overall relational health of divorcing families. Secondly, mental health providers may find these films useful as cinematherapy to facilitate growth and healing in families affected by parental alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving in together is an important transition in a relationship. For many, it is often a shift to the next phase of the relationship indicating higher levels of commitment. Whether the partners are married, plans to get married, or marriage is not part of their future, there are important conversations to be had prior to this transition. As such, this article presents recommended pre-cohabitation conversations with question prompts for partners to explore prior to moving in together. To best understand the dynamics of cohabiting that informed the questions, a review of the literature on cohabitation is presented. Additionally, race and culture, religion, and sexual and gender identity will be highlighted as essential conversation considerations especially as the majority of the literature is centered around white, hetero, and monogamous relationships. Created by a group of couple and family therapy graduate trainees based on the literature and their own personal and professional experiences, the pre-cohabitation conversations are organized into three categories– relationship negotiations, household rules, and communication. These conversations are recommended to be used both by therapists with their clients as well as for direct use by partners following the questions presented within. The topics represent a comprehensive range of relationship issues including consideration of unique issues as presented in the literature with the goal of aiding partners in successful management of their transition to a shared living space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now free from ice for longer, as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. Yet, it remains unclear how this extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO 2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO 2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand spatial and temporal air–sea CO 2 flux variability in the changing Arctic Ocean. There is also uncertainty as to whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Ikaluqtuutiak (Cambridge Bay, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey p CO 2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. Here we present 4 years of consecutive summertime p CO 2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern CAA. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO 2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was - 4.64 mmol m -2 d -1), but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of + 3.58, - 2.96, - 16.79 and - 0.57 mmol m -2 d -1 during the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cruises, respectively). Surface ocean p CO 2 varied by up to 156 µ atm between years, highlighting the importance of repeat observations in this region, as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the surface ocean p CO 2 value at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air–sea CO 2 flux throughout the ice-free season. However, further constraining the air–sea CO 2 flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how p CO 2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean p CO 2 measurements made in small bays and inlets of the Kitikmeot Sea were ∼ 20–40 µ atm lower than in the main channels. Surface ocean p CO 2 measurements made close in time to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were ∼ 50 µ atm lower than measurements made > 4 weeks after breakup. As previous basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deep shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice breakup date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO 2 sink in the CAA. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making Every Contact Count (MECC) is a national, long‐term public health strategy in England. It supports public‐facing workers to use opportunities during routine contacts to enable healthy lifestyle changes. This paper reports the findings from an external evaluation of voluntary and community sector (VCS) delivery of MECC in the North East of England, which focused on engaging under‐represented client groups. The study aimed to (a) Establish if (and how) MECC had impacted the workforce, including changes to staff knowledge, confidence and behaviour; (b) Identify benefits, challenges and unintended consequences; and (c) Explore outcomes for service users. A multi‐stage qualitative design focused on understanding both process and outcomes. The study utilised three data collection methods, including a journey mapping workshop (n = 20), semi‐structured interviews with delivery leads, VCS workers and volunteers who had accessed MECC training (n = 11), and focus group discussions with clients (n = 22). The findings illustrated positive early outcomes, including improvements in self‐reported staff knowledge and confidence as well as emerging examples of organisational culture shift and individual behaviour change. Alongside this, the data provided a rich picture of barriers and challenges which are examined at different levels—national programme, local programme, VCS sector, partner organisation, worker and client. The research highlights clear successes of the VCS delivery model. However, it is presented as a 'double‐edged sword,' in light of associated challenges such as sector‐level funding uncertainty and accessibility of MECC resources to diverse client groups. The discussion considers issues related to the measurement and attribution of behaviour change outcomes for brief interventions, as well as fidelity, legacy and long‐term sustainability challenges. The recommendations call for system‐level analysis and comparison of different MECC implementation models, to improve our understanding of challenges, opportunities and programme reach for behaviour change intervention programmes—particularly in relation to seldom‐heard client groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radium isotopes have been used to trace nutrient, carbon, and trace metal fluxes inputs from ocean margins. However, these approaches require a full accounting of radium sources to the coastal ocean including rivers. Here, we aim to quantify river radium inputs into the Arctic Ocean for the first time for 226Ra and to refine the estimates for 228Ra. Using new and existing data, we find that the estimated combined (dissolved plus desorbed) annual 226Ra and 228Ra fluxes to the Arctic Ocean are [7.0–9.4] × 1014 dpm y−1 and [15–18] × 1014 dpm y−1, respectively. Of these totals, 44% and 60% of the river 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively are from suspended sediment desorption, which were estimated from laboratory incubation experiments. Using Ra isotope data from 20 major rivers around the world, we derived global annual 226Ra and 228Ra fluxes of [7.4–17] × 1015 and [15–27] × 1015 dpm y−1, respectively. As climate change spurs rapid Arctic warming, hydrological cycles are intensifying and coastal ice cover and permafrost are diminishing. These river radium inputs to the Arctic Ocean will serve as a valuable baseline as we attempt to understand the changes that warming temperatures are having on fluxes of biogeochemically important elements to the Arctic coastal zone. Plain Language Summary: Radium (Ra) isotopes can be dissolved in water that comes into contact with minerals. Since they have varying half‐lives, the ratio of Ra isotopes in water masses can help us understand where and how long ago Ra became dissolved in the water. As a result, these isotopes are powerful tracers of freshwater and shelf inputs into the ocean, which are important for nutrient, carbon, and trace metal fluxes. However, quantifying these inputs requires an understanding of all other radium sources to the coastal ocean, including rivers. The net ocean input of Ra isotopes from rivers must consider the freshwater dissolved load, as well as Ra desorbed from suspended particles in river estuaries. This study quantifies river radium inputs into the Arctic Ocean using dissolved concentrations and desorption experiments on riverine sediment. We find that Arctic rivers may have removal processes impacting Ra transport through estuaries that have not been observed in other regions. We also estimate the total riverine Ra inputs to the global ocean by adding data from 20 major rivers. These findings show that ∼11% of all riverine Ra inputs to the global ocean come from Arctic rivers. Key Points: This study quantified riverine 226Ra and 228Ra fluxes into the Arctic Ocean and provides the first Ra desorption data for Eurasian riversNorth American rivers contribute the majority of riverine radium to the Arctic Ocean, due to higher desorption rates and sediment loadsThe Arctic Ocean receives an amount of riverine radium proportionate to its river water discharge: 11%–12% of the global riverine Ra flux [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now ice-free for longer as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. It remains unclear how the extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand how air−sea CO2 fluxes will spatially and temporally vary in a changing Arctic Ocean. It is uncertain whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Cambridge Bay (Ikaluqtuutiak, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey p CO2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. We present four years of consecutive summertime p CO2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was -8.3 mmol m-2 d-1) but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of 0.41, -7.70, -21.26 and -2.08 mmol m-2 d-1 during the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cruises respectively). Surface ocean p CO2 varied by up to 142 μatm between years; this highlights the importance of repeat observations in the Arctic as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the p CO2 value of the surface ocean at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air−sea flux throughout the ice-free season. Further constraining the flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how p CO2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean p CO2 measurements made in the bays and inlets in the Kitikmeot Sea were ~20–40 μatm lower than in the main channels, and p CO2 measurements made close to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were 50–100 μatm lower than measurements made >4 weeks after breakup. As basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deeper shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice break-up date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO2 sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now ice-free for longer as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. It remains unclear how the extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand how air-sea CO2 fluxes will spatially and temporally vary in a changing Arctic Ocean. It is uncertain whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Cambridge Bay (Ikaluqtuutiak, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey pCO2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. We present four years of consecutive summertime pCO2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was -8.3 mmol m-2 d-1) but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of 0.41, -7.70, -21.26 and -2.08 mmol m-2 d-1 during the 2016.2017,2018 and 2019 cruises respectively). Surface ocean pCO2 varied by up to 142 μatm between years; this highlights the importance of repeat observations in the Arctic as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the pCO2 value of the surface ocean at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air-sea flux throughout the ice-free season. Further constraining the flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how pCO2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean pCO2 measurements made in the bays and inlets in the Kitikmeot Sea were ~20-40 μatm lower than in the main channels, and pCO2 measurements made close to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were 50-100 μatm lower than measurements made >4 weeks after breakup. As basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deeper shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice break-up date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO2 sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelps play important roles in ecosystems as they provide structural habitat and protection, and supply food. Given these beneficial roles and observed increases in seaweed biomass and distribution ranges across the Arctic, mapping kelp occurrence around Arctic coasts is both timely and necessary for future conservation. Here, we fill spatial gaps in the knowledge of kelp distribution in the southern Northwest Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; specifically, we report the occurrence of Laminaria solidungula, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta from Victoria and Dease straits and Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region at depths mostly from 10 to 30 m (max. 40 m; upper extent vessel-limited). Kelp specimens were found at bottom water temperatures from sub-zero to 1 °C (surface-T to ~ 6 °C) and bottom water salinities of ~ 28 (surface-S < 20) in August–September. Kelp sites were characterized by both strong tidal currents (max. estimates from a tidal model 20–70 cm s−1 in center of passages) and hard substrates, interspersed with finer sediments. Co-occurring identifiable epibenthos was dominated by suspension-feeders preferring currents (sea cucumbers, soft corals, Hiatella clams), potential kelp consumers (sea urchins Strongylocentrotus sp., Margarites snails, limpets) and predatory invertebrates (sea stars, lyre crabs). At the same and some deeper nearby sites, loose kelp fragments were also found at the seabed, suggesting that kelps contribute to the regional detrital food web by supplying carbon to less productive sites. Kelps in the region may expand their ranges and/or growing season with reduced ice cover and warming, although constraints through local turbidity sources, extreme temperatures, low salinity and low nutrient concentrations are also recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chronological review of the literature is a summary of primarily nonempirical articles that explore the specific approach of dyadic (paired individuals or conjoint) interviewing. The evolution of dyadic interviewing is highlighted including the strengths and cautions of this approach beginning in 1942. The review of the literature is organized around the evolution from defining the dyad in the interviewing context to redefining the unit of analysis in the most recent articles in 2016. From this chronology, we make specific recommendations for using dyadic interviewing, as well as present ethical and analytical considerations culled from the collective knowledge and experience of multi disciplined scholars across the literature. Impacts on the dyad as well as the researcher are also addressed. Considerations of identity such as gender and ethical consideration of location, confidentiality, dynamics of the dyad, and issues of transference and countertransference are addressed in the presented recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We explored the experiences of academic mothers traversing the simultaneous demands of parenting and their professional roles throughout the pandemic to better understand the impact of COVID‐19 on engagement in scholarship. Background: In response to reports of reduced scholarship by women across academic disciplines, the goal of this study was to understand the lived experiences of women scholars who identify as mothers. Method: Academic women, including faculty and students, completed an online survey with demographic items and open‐ended questions. From the collected data, responses from participants who identified as mothers (n = 51) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Analysis of the data revealed that participants' roles as parents and scholarly women were inextricably intertwined, each serving as foundational components of their identities, a reality highlighted by the exacerbating stressors associated with COVID‐19. Altered childcare demands, conflicting roles, and relational changes emerged as consequences of the ongoing pandemic, which compromised participants' ability to effectively attend to different aspects of their identity and sometimes resulted in the development of negative emotions. Conclusion: Participants identified additional responsibilities due to the ongoing pandemic. Feeling pulled between their often‐conflicting personal and professional identities, academic mothers cited a lack of supportive professional structures, which became more evident during COVID‐19, as a barrier to their pursuit of scholarship. Implications: This study aligned with previous scholarly documentation of historical gendered bias common within academia. The potential long‐term professional impact of these conflated circumstances on academic mothers during the pandemic is discussed, and implications and recommendations for addressing the same via future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bringing our collective experiences of past collaborations through a virtual connection, we created an international research team of 16 multidiscipline, multicultural, and multilingual academic women called "COVID GAP" (Gendered Academic Productivity) to explore the ongoing challenges and effects of COVID-19. Identifying as insider researchers, we engaged in a two-phase, primarily qualitative research project to better understand the lived experiences of academics during the pandemic. Our past individual experiences with cooperative research informed our roles and responsibilities and how we organized and communicated. This article is a reflection of how COVID GAP has refined our collaborative process in response to an evolving comprehension of our own lessons learned including understanding the nature of cooperative research and that it takes time and effort. From our experience, we provide specific recommendations for group collaborations emphasizing the need to identify a team coordinator to organize efforts, the establishment of a safe and equitable working environment for all involved, and the explicit attention to building a network for research partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how academic womxn experience their partnerships during quarantine and to determine the impact of those relational dynamics on scholarly productivity. Background: Past literature indicates traumatic events and extended quarantine is associated with negative mental health outcomes. While primary partnerships serve as one protective factor, extended quarantine with one's partner introduces novel stress to a relationship, which may have unintended outcomes, including those that affect productivity. Method: An online survey was provided to academic womxn invested in scholarship. Responses from participants who identified as in a relationship (n = 67) were coded using thematic analysis through a feminist lens. Findings Participants highlighted three major themes across their responses: time and space, communication, and needs. These findings reflected stressors typical within couple relationships but highlighted important considerations for partners of academic womxn in support of their scholarly activity during quarantine. Conclusion: Though the flexibility available during the pandemic for academic womxn provided time and space for some to nurture their relationship as well as focus on scholar activity, this was not consistent across partners. Implications: Findings show the mixed experiences of partners and confirm the importance of communication, especially about time and space and professional needs. Recommendations can be extrapolated to other processional and career partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amazon River drains a diverse tropical landscape greater than 6 million km2, culminating in the world's largest export of freshwater and dissolved constituents to the ocean. Here, we present dissolved organic carbon (DOC), organic and inorganic nitrogen (DON, DIN), orthophosphate (PO43−), and major and trace ion concentrations and fluxes from the Amazon River using 26 samples collected over three annual hydrographs. Concentrations and fluxes were predominantly controlled by the annual wet season flood pulse. Average DOC, DON, DIN, and PO43− fluxes (±1 s.d.) were 25.5 (±1.0), 1.14 (±0.05), 0.82 (±0.03), and 0.063 (±0.003) Tg yr−1, respectively. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption (at 350 nm) was strongly correlated with DOC concentrations, resulting in a flux of 74.8 × 106 m−2 yr−1. DOC and DON concentrations positively correlated with discharge while nitrate + nitrite concentrations negatively correlated, suggesting mobilization and dilution responses, respectively. Ammonium, PO43−, and silica concentrations displayed chemostatic responses to discharge. Major and trace ion concentrations displayed clockwise hysteresis (except for chloride, sodium, and rubidium) and exhibited either dilution or chemostatic responses. The sources of weathered cations also displayed seasonality, with the highest proportion of carbonate‐ and silicate‐derived cations occurring during peak and baseflow, respectively. Finally, our seasonally resolved weathering model resulted in an average CO2 consumption yield of (3.55 ± 0.11) × 105 mol CO2 km−2 yr−1. These results represent an updated and temporally refined quantification of dissolved fluxes that highlight the strong seasonality of export from the world's largest river and set a robust baseline against which to gauge future change. Key Points: Concentrations/fluxes of dissolved carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and major/trace ions were predominantly controlled by annual flood pulseMean Amazon River dissolved organic carbon flux was 25.5 teragrams per yearAnnual carbonate + silicate weathering CO2 consumption yield was 3.55 × 105 moles carbon dioxide per square kilometer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary modification is critical for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet few women with PCOS report receiving nutrition education. Nutrition knowledge may translate to dietary behaviors and diet quality, but nutrition knowledge among women with PCOS is unknown. Purpose: Using a descriptive design, we assessed nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and eating disorder risk among university students with PCOS. Methods: Following clinical and biochemical analysis, 12 university students with PCOS were admitted to the study. Participants completed validated questionnaires (Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0), 3-day food records, and body composition testing. Results: Participants were obese (75%), insulin resistant (58%), and consumed an unbalanced diet (41% carbohydrate, 43% fat). Bread or fruit were avoided by 27.3%. Nutrition knowledge was poor (48% correct) and inversely related to fruit intake (r(9) = −.689, p <.05). Nearly half (41.6%) were at increased risk for eating disorders (EDE-Q score ≥ 4). Discussion: University students with PCOS demonstrate poor nutrition knowledge, consume an unbalanced and limited diet, and exhibit an increased risk for eating disorders. Translation to Health Education Practice: University-health service programs targeting nutrition education and behavior modification are needed to improve the management and mitigation of PCOS-related symptoms in students. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain is the primary complaint of endometriosis sufferers to medical and behavioral health professionals. Management of pain for both functionality and improved quality of life varies across patient experiences. "Cari" is a 45-yearold woman who was first diagnosed with endometriosis at the age of 23 years after already experiencing years of debilitating pain. Cari described her own journey as co-author of this case report including various methods of physician prescribed and illicit pain management including a history of self-harm. After years of suffering, Cari discovers BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/ submission, sadism/masochism) which provides her with both relief from pain and improved quality of life. This case report emphasizes the need for broadening opportunities for utilizing alternative pain management of endometriosis and other pelvic pain disorders that are specific to each patient's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perinatal period involves major developmental transitions which can be conceptualized through a biopsychosocial (BPS; Engel in Science 196:129–136, 1977, 10.1126/science.847460, in The American Journal of Psychiatry 137:535–544, 1980, 10.1176/ajp.137.5.535), systemic (von Bertalanffy, General system theory: Foundations, development, applications, George Braziller, New York, 1968) framework. Thus, no one domain of health in the perinatal period can be understood without exploring how the other domains are both impacted by and impacting the others. As a result of COVID-19, popular media is paying special attention to the biomedical domain of women in the perinatal period as it relates to health outcomes and changes in perinatal healthcare policies; however, considerably less attention is being paid to the other BPS health domains and systemic impacts. This paper will outline U.S. changes in healthcare as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals, couples, and families within the perinatal period (i.e., family planning and conception, prenatal, labor and delivery, and postpartum) and explore the unique psychosocial, systemic impacts. Recommendations for care, including telehealth and virtual support options, and future directions for research will be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses article in the issue on topic women's health presentations including physiological and mental changes across the lifespan highlighting the mental health perspective and experience of the patient/client.

A survey of 25 coastal-draining rivers across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) shows that these systems are distinct from the largest Arctic rivers that drain watersheds extending far south of the Arctic circle. Observations collected from 2014 to 2016 illustrate the influences of seasonal hydrology, bedrock geology, and landscape physiography on each river's inorganic geochemical characteristics. Summertime data show the impact of coincident gradients in lake cover and surficial geology on river geochemical signatures. In the north and central CAA, drainage basins are generally smaller, underlain by sedimentary bedrock, and their hydrology is driven by seasonal precipitation pulses that undergo little modification before they enter the coastal ocean. In the southern CAA, a high density of lakes stores water longer within the terrestrial system, permitting more modification of water isotope and geochemical characteristics. Annual time-series observations from two CAA rivers reveal that their concentration-discharge relationships differ compared with those of the largest Arctic rivers, suggesting that future projections of dissolved ion fluxes from CAA rivers to the Arctic Ocean may not be reliably made based on compositions of the largest Arctic rivers alone, and that rivers draining the CAA region will likely follow different trajectories of change under a warming climate. Understanding how these small, coastal-draining river systems will respond to climate change is essential to fully evaluate the impact of changing freshwater inputs to the Arctic marine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of literature in the fields of psychology and social work confirm an exploration of the experiences of sexual harassment of students by faculty and supervisors within training programs since 1979. The literature reveals a lack of research in family therapy training programs. The findings will be presented chronologically and parallel to important milestones in the history of the women's movement within the United States through the current revitalized #metoo movement. This corresponding evolution presents both where we have come from and where we must go. Recommendations for the field of family therapy are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Last statements have been a common practice as part of capital punishment as far back as the 1300s in Europe. In the United States, the first execution occurred in 1608, and currently, 32 states have the death penalty. In 1991, Missouri integrated death row inmates into the general prison population, which makes this population unique compared with other death row populations across the United States. This article is a qualitative study on the themes found in the last statements of 46 capitally punished inmates in Missouri from 1995 to 2011. The purpose of this study was to determine if capital punishment inmates being housed in the general population had an impact on an inmate's last statement prior to execution. Three domains emerged from these last statements: life, death, and execution. The most common theme identified was love while the least common theme was acceptance. The themes found in this research were consistent with previous studies which looked at inmates executed in Texas where inmates sentenced to capital punishment are separated from the general prison population. Implications, limitations, and future research areas are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender distribution in relation to academic rank and salary is explored across Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE) accredited training programs. The researchers collected faculty gender, academic rank, institution's Carnegie Classification and program type data from 126 COAMFTE accredited programs. Findings confirmed that even though women faculty tend to be larger in number, there is a higher proportion of men faculty at higher academic ranks and within research intensive institutions. Salary data of 35 public institutions indicate that men faculty are paid 12% more than women faculty. Future research into the mechanisms that prevent women from advancement and higher pay is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six women faculty came together to research their peers asking other women in COAMFTE-accredited programs about their personal and professional identities. The goal of this research was to develop recommendations for the field of Couple/Marriage and Family Therapy to support the engagement and advancement of women faculty. The research collaboration itself became a heuristic, feminist praxis, a co-creation of insight, support network, and professional relationships which had liberating results for the collaborators. We intended to create a research project that would be collaborative, empowering, and transformative for participants; in the process, the collaboration became empowering and transformative for ourselves. This article will reflect on our experiences and provide recommendations for future feminist research teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses her plans and accomplishments as new editor-in-chief of the journal as of April 2021, including increasing the number of reviewers and the creation of a new journal section titled "Feminist Voices."

A field and laboratory study of the accuracy of a method commonly used to determine free sulphide concentrations in the porewater of marine sediments is presented. The method uses an ion-selective electrode (ISE), sensitive to the sulphide ion (S), in sediments buffered to high pH (>12) and is commonly used in regulatory monitoring programs to assess the impacts of open net-pen finfish aquaculture on local marine habitats. Here we report that on the timescale of field measurements, the accepted protocol can lead to significant bias of free sulphide measurements, with orders of magnitude higher concentration detected in the buffered sediment-porewater slurry than in porewater samples isolated and analysed separately. Laboratory experiments with model marine sediments and analysis of sediment composition indicate that this bias is likely introduced by the dissolution of particulate sulphides and/or sulphur present in the sediments under the intense alkaline conditions of the protocol. Recommendations for the modification and continued use of this commonly applied field methodology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terrestrial ecosystems, transitional areas between different plant communities (ecotones) are formed by steep environmental gradients and are commonly characterized by high species diversity and primary productivity, which in turn influences the foodweb structure of these regions. Whether comparable zones of elevated diversity and productivity characterize ecotones in the oceans remains poorly understood. Here we describe a previously hidden hotspot of phytoplankton diversity and productivity in a narrow but seasonally persistent transition zone at the intersection, of iron-poor, nitrate-rich offshore waters and iron-rich, nitrate-poor coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Novel continuous measurements of phytoplankton cell abundance and composition identified a complex succession of blooms of five distinct size classes of phytoplankton populations within a 100-km-wide transition zone. The blooms appear to be fueled by natural iron enrichment of offshore communities as they are transported toward the coast. The observed succession of phytoplankton populations is likely driven by spatial gradients in iron availability or time since iron enrichment. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, the resulting communities have a strong impact on the regional biogeochemistry as evidenced by the low partial pressure of CO2 and the nearly complete depletion of nutrients., Enhanced phytoplankton productivity and diversity associated with steep environmental gradients are expected wherever water masses with complementary nutrient compositions mix to create a region more favorable for phytoplankton growth. The ability to detect and track these important but poorly characterized marine ecotones is critical for understanding their impact on productivity and ecosystem structure in the oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses heart disease has the number one leading cause of death for females of all races, origins, and ages, cancer is a close second at 20.7%. Topics include anonymous shares a powerful firsthand experience of caregiving for wife who has diagnosed with terminal endometrial cancer; and the second part presents specifical interventions that has used therapeutically with families to support the member with breast cancer.

An introduction is presented in which discusses several articles in the issue on topics including the intersections of gender and health; use of medical family therapists in collaboration with the healthcare providers; and intersection of power imbalances and health stressors.

Internal consistency reliabilities for the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI; Wechsler, 1999) Verbal Scale IQ (VIQ)-Performance Scale IQ (PIQ) and subtest discrepancy scores are presented separately for the child and adult standardization samples. The reliabilities of the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy scores range from .78 to .87 for children and .81 to .91 for adults. The subtest discrepancy scores range from .59 to .81 for children and .67 to .85 for adults. Also provided are tables to (a) determine the significance between pairs of WASI subtest Tscores and (b) assist practitioners with ipsative strength and weakness determinations. Formulas are provided for practitioners who wish to generate additional tables when the situation requires a more precise analysis of a WASI profile. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors evaluated the ability of WAIS-R variables to discriminate normal from brain-damaged persons 75 years of age and older. Fifty-four brain-damaged patients and 54 healthy elderly were matched on the variables of age, education, sex, and race. Significant level of performance differences emerged between the groups on all subtests and the three IQs. No group differences were found on the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy score or range of subtest scatter. Step-wise discriminant analysis revealed that Digit Symbol was the most potent WAIS-R variable, accounting for 34% of the variance and correctly classifying 79.6% of the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal consistency reliabilities for WAIS-III IQ, Index, and subtest discrepancy scores are provided for 100 men in a treatment program for substance abuse disorders. There were 63 Euro-Americans and 37 African Americans. Means for age, education, and Full Scale IQ were 46.1 yr. (SD= 8.8), 12.7 yr. (SD= 1.5), and 93.8 (SD 14.0), respectively. Reliabilities ranged from .34 to .86. Compared with the WAIS-III standardization sample, discrepancy score reliability coefficients differed only for the Verbal Comprehension Index vs Perceptual Organization Index contrast, which was higher in the patient sample. Interpretation of discrepancy scores for the WAIS-III appears to be useful in a clinical sample with substance abuse as in a purportedly normal sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are compounds found in a brominated chemical flame retardant that is applied to many products today. PBDEs have recently been found to accumulate in human fat tissue, with a possible link to cancer. The main metabolic exposure route of PBDEs is suspected to be food. In addition, these compounds seem to be found at higher levels when introduced to elevated temperatures involved in cooking. To study this effect, cooking oil used in deep-frying was examined at several points in the deep-frying process for PBDEs. Several foods (fish, chicken and potatoes) were cooked to examine the effect of different types of food on the level of PBDE in the oil. The resulting oil samples were extracted using solid phase extraction. Sample analysis was achieved on a high performance liquid chromatograph with a C-18 column and a mobile phase of 80:20 acetonitrile:water. As the oil was heated, higher concentrations of PBDEs were detected. After heating, fish resulted in the highest concentration and potatoes the lowest concentration of PBDEs in the oil. These data followed trends in published research indicating animal-origin foods contain higher concentrations than natural foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]