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A new cucurbitane-type glycoside (1) and two known compounds (2-3) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. Their chemical structures were determined as (19S,23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol 3-O-β-D-allopyranoside (1), goyaglycoside d (2), and (19S,23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol (3) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1 to 3 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 134.12 ±11.20 and 163.17±13.71 μM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC50 160.99 ±14.30 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 were first isolated from plant M. charantia growing in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new acyclic diterpenes, siegetalises A-D (1-4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Siegesbeckia orientalis. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The effects of the isolated compounds on the activity of xanthine oxidase were evaluated by the oxidative reaction with xanthine as a substrate. At a concentration of 50 µM, compounds 1-4 exhibited xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity at levels of 13.59% ±0.51%, 19.64% ±1.54%, 17.45% ±1.26%, and 21.36% ±1.40%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new fucose containing spirostanol glycosides, (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-fucopyranoside (1) and (25S)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-fucopyranoside (2), together with five known spirostan glycosides, (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), (25S)- spirost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), (25R)-26-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22α-methoxyfurost-5-en-3β-yl O-βD-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), and (25R)-26-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22α-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3β-yl O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (7) were isolated from the rhizomes of Disporopsis longifolia Craib. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1 to 7 inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range from 24.5±2.5 μM to 81.3±4.2 μM. The NO production inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 with IC50 values of 26.6±1.9 μM and 24.5±2.5 μM are as potent as that of the positive control of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 23.8±2.1 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new β-carboline alkaloid, 10-hydroxy-capitelline (1) together with three known anthraquinones, hedanthroside B (2), hedanthroside C (3), and rubiadin (4) were isolated from the aerial part methanol extract of Hedyotis capitellata. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data (one-dimensional, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, 2D-NMR) and high-resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, HR-ESI-MS) and comparison with those reported in the literature. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds is evaluated by their inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At a concentration of 20 µM, compounds 1 to 4 showed weak inhibitory effects on NO production with inhibitory values ranging from 1.2% to 23.9% compared to a value of 74.5% for the positive control compound, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new pregnane glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. Their chemical structures were determined as (20S)−12β-tigloyloxy-5α-hydroperoxy-3β,8β,14β,17β,20-pentahydroxypregn-6-ene 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)‐6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (1) and (20S)−12β-benzoyloxy-5α-hydroperoxy-3β,8β,14β,17β,20-pentahydroxypregn-6-ene 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)‐6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (2) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and in comparison with the reported data. At the concentration of 200 µM, compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate anti α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities with inhibitory percentage of 31.1 ± 1.2 and 42.3 ± 1.7% (for α-glucosidase), and 27.8 ± 1.3 and 34.5 ± 1.5% (for α-amylase), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new δ-truxinic acid sucrose diester and a new ε-truxillic acid sucrose diester (named trigohonbanosides E and F) were isolated from the leaves of Trigonostemon honbaensis. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive analysis of their HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. At a concentration of 20 μM, trigohonbanosides E and F exhibited weak inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with inhibitory percentages of 22.7% ± 1.1% and 18.5% ± 1.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven compounds (1-7) were isolated from the marine sponge Aaptos aaptos living in the Vietnamese sea. Their structures were determined as 2 hours, 5H,7H,9H-9S-hydroxy-imidazo[ 1,5-α]pyridine-1,3-dione (1), 3-([9-methylhexadecyl] oxy)propane-1,2-diol 2, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dioxoaaptamine (3), indol-3-aldehyde (4), methyl indole-3-carboxylate (5) 4-hydroxy-5-(indole-3-yl)-5-oxo-pen tan-2-one (6), and thymidine (7) by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. In addition, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined from the experimental ECD spectrum and comparison of this with the theoretical ECD calculations using the TDDFT method. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from nature for the first time. Compound 3 induced cytotoxic activity against SK-LU-1, MCF-7, HepG2, and SK-Mel-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 41.27 ± 2.63, 40.70 ± 2.65, 34.31 ± 3.43, and 36.63 ± 1.40 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new acylated sucroses, (6-O-axetoxyl)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-feruloyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (1) and (6-O-axetoxyl)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (2), and four known compounds, 2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol-4′-O-[ 4′′′-hydroxy-3"',5′′′-dimethoxybenzoyl-(→6′′)-β-d-fructofuranoside (3), tryptophol glucoside (4), corchonoside C (5), and 2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenyl β-d-fructofuranoside (6), were isolated from the roots of Canna indica L. (Cannaceae). Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of these with those reported in the literature. Antioxidant activity of compounds 1-6 were evaluated by peroxyl radical absorbance capacity assay. Compounds 1 and 3 neutralized high amounts of peroxyl radical. At a concentration of 1 μM, their ORACROO* values were 3.07 ± 0.15 and 4.27 ± 0.30, respectively, many times greater than that of trolox, which was used as an internal standard. At 10 μM, the peroxyl radical absorbance capacity of compounds 1 and 3 exhibited equivalents to 15.60 ± 0.22 and 24.91 ± 0.43 times the net protection by 1 μM of trolox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several graphs which show the inhibitory activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase of selaginellin derivatives which are from selaginella tamariscina curious fern including the spectrum of the compound deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), and Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC).

Selaginellin derivatives 1–3 isolated from Selaginella tamariscina were evaluated for their inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to demonstrate their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. All selaginellin derivatives (1–3) inhibited sEH enzymatic activity and PHOME hydrolysis, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3.1 ± 0.1, 8.2 ± 2.2, and 4.2 ± 0.2 µM, respectively. We further determined that the derivatives function as non-competitive inhibitors. Moreover, the predicted that binding sites and interaction between 1–3 and sEH were solved by docking simulations. According to quantitative analysis, 1–3 were confirmed to have high content in the roots of S. tamariscina; among them, selaginellin 3 exhibited the highest content of 189.3 ± 0.0 µg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts ofUvaria rufa(Dunal) Blume collected from Vietnam yielded one new lignan glycoside, ufaside (1), along with six known compounds, oxoanolobine (2), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3), catechin (4), epicatechin (5), daucosterol (6) and glutin-5-en-3-one (7). Their chemical structures were determined by using NMR, HR-MS spectroscopic analyses and in comparison with the reported data. A cytotoxic analysis ofU. rufaherb extracts was performed for the first time using nine human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, LNCaP, MKN7, SW480, KB, LU-1, HepG2 and HL-60) derived from different tumour types. Of these seven constituents, compounds2and3displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LU-1) with IC50values of 9.22 ± 1.02 μg/mL and 10.21 ± 1.16 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the role of tyrosinase in mammalian melanogenesis and fruit or fungi enzymatic browning, and its use in skin treatments and cosmetics. It states natural tyrosinase inhibitors extracted from plant leaves of Trichosanthes baviensis are free from side effects, and cure inflammation, infection diseases and pigmentation disorders. It also mentions of the several compounds extracted from the methanol extract of the leaves of T. baviensis using chromatographic techniques.

Nine new chromonylthiazolidine derivatives were successfully semi-synthesized from paeonol. All of the compounds, including starting materials, the intermediate compound and products, were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects toward eight human cancer cell lines. The synthesized chromonylthiazolidines displayed weak cytotoxic effects against the tested cancer cell lines, but selective cytotoxic effects were observed. Compounds 3a and 3b showed the most selective cytotoxic effects against human epidermoid carcinoma (IC50 44.1 ± 3.6 μg/mL) and breast cancer (IC50 32.8 ± 1.4 μg/mL) cell lines, respectively. The results suggest that chromoylthiazolidines are potential low-cost, and selective anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new aliphatic acid amide, ZP-amide F (1), and eight known compounds, including bungeanumamide A (2), tumuramide C (3), ZP-amide A (4), ZP-amide B (5), ZP-amide D (6), hyperin (7), quercitrin (8), and (-)- sesamin (9), were isolated from pericarps of Zanthoxylum piperitum. The effects of these compounds on TNFα-induced NF-τB activation and transactivational activity of PPARs, including PPARα, PPARβ(δ) and PPARγ subtypes, were evaluated. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on TNFα-induced NF-τB activation with IC50 values of 5.50 and 8.10 μM, respectively. Aliphatic acid amide compounds 3, 4 and 6 displayed enhanced effects on PPAR transactivational activity with EC50 values of 47.12, 19.13 and 12.02 μM, respectively. Among them, compound 4 demonstrated an increase in PPARα transactivational activity, compound 3 showed a moderate increase on all PPAR subtypes, whereas compound 6 displayed weak PPAR transactivational activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the structural elucidation and isolation of buddlejasaponins, α-myrenone, and mimengosides in Buddleja officinalis flowers at the Sapa town in Laocai Province, Vietnam. It states the use of methanol to obtain various extracts from Buddleja flowers including crude, dichloromethane, and n-butanol. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were performed to study the structure of Buddleja's compounds.