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This paper studied the problem that standard teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) easily converges to local optima when solving combinatorial optimization, and proposed a simulated annealing TLBO(SATLBO) algorithm. In the method, it used the simulated annealing algorithm. Randomly selected a bit of the bad individuals according to a calculated possibility of simulated annealing algorithm to the new population in the teacher phase and learner phase. It increased the ability of running away from local optima of TLBO by increasing the diversity of the population. It simulated the unmultimodal functions, multimodal functions and rotation functions, and compared the results with some other evolutionary computation algorithms. The results indicate that the improved algorithm has good performance in terms of convergence speed and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A new indicator with temperature dependence of the NO3 loss frequency, was developed to study the contribution of NO3 to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOx removal in the atmosphere. The new indicator arises from the temperature dependence of kinetic constant. The new indicator was applied to data of observation based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy system on the outskirts of Hefei, China. According to the findings, the contribution of monoterpenes to the loss of NO3 was 70%–80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the measurement of atmospheric nitrate radical by long-path differential optical absorption spec-troscopy, water vapor strong absorption could affect the measurement of nitrate radical and detection limits of system. Under the tropospheric condition, the optical density of water vapor absorption is non-linearly dependent on column density. An effective method was developed to eliminate the effect of water vapor absorption. Reference spectra of water vapor based on the daytime atmospheric absorption spectra, when fitted together with change of cross section with water vapor column densities, gave a more accurate fitting of water vapor absorptions, thus its effect on the measurements of nitrate radical could be restricted to a minimum and detection limits of system reached 3.6 ppt. The modified method was applied during an intensive field campaign in the Pearl River Delta, China. The NO3 concentration in polluted air masses varied from 3.6 ppt to 82.5 ppt with an average level of 23.6±1.8 ppt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the D→ππ decay channels at the leading order, αs corrections with the QCD factorization and the soft-gluon corrections with the light cone QCD sum rule. Comparing with the experimental result, the calculations of the D0→π+π- and D+→π+π0 decay are much better under the consideration of the contributions of factorization parts, αs corrections and soft-gluon effects. However, the calculation result is one order less than the experimental result in D0→π0π0 decay. It may have large effects of final state interaction in the decay channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]