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Objectives The in vivo selection of E157Q plus R263K has not been reported in patients treated with coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). To the best of our knowledge, we hereby report the first case of high-grade INSTI resistance associated with the presence of these aminoacidic substitutions in a treatment-experienced HIV patient treated with BIC/FTC/TAF. Methods Clinical case report and review of the literature. Results A heavily treatment-experienced patient was switched to BIC/FTC/TAF due to drug–drug interactions after being diagnosed with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease. He had been treated before with raltegravir with poor adherence. No mutations in the integrase gene were detected 1 year after finishing treatment with raltegravir. Months after being switched to BIC/FTC/TAF, and again with poor adherence documented, virological failure (VF) was detected. The polymorphic substitution E157Q and the resistance mutation R263K in the integrase gene were detected, as well as M184V, among other mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene. The patient is currently being treated with dolutegravir q12h plus boosted darunavir along with directly observed treatment, and for the first time in 20 years, plasmatic viral load values are below 100 copies/mL. Conclusions This case illustrates that the combination of E157Q and R263K plus M184V can be selected in vivo in a clinical scenario of poor adherence with BIC/FTC/TAF, although it is a very rare phenomenon. Previous VF with first-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) should be kept in mind when switching patients to second-generation INSTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multiple technologies help the development of reconstructive surgical procedures in craniofacial surgery, Surgeon's perception of this type of diagnostic and treatment aids has not been widely studied. Methods and Materials: A workflow is proposed for the management of craniofacial bone defects; the results are showed to the staff in charge for the treatment of these patients. A survey was applied, evaluating the degree of satisfaction and the perception of the staff regarding applicability, usefulness, impact on different process factors of treatment. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: 30 people were interviewed: specialists, residents of surgical specialties, and general practitioners. The majority did not have experience with CAD/CAM technology (77%), but considered useful (67%), the considered disadvantages were: technical difficulty, administrative procedures to access, costs, lack of information, need for specific training. The benefits were: Improvement in diagnosis and treatment accuracy, specificity, help in planning, innovation, and versatility. Discussion: Tools such as 3D printing, CAD/CAM technology, facilitate the process of anatomical understanding, planning and execution of surgery, the participants agrees with these data, where the impact and utility in the treatment of patients is evident, both for graduate surgeons and those in training. Conclusions: The application of technologies in the practice of medicine may be useful because facilitates the technical execution of the procedure precision, reduces surgical time and costs. Information and studies that evaluate the surgeon's perception regarding the applicability of CAD/CAM technology in the treatment of bone defects are not enough, which represents a novelty of our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of route of inoculation and dose on production and avidity of IgY antibodies in chickens. The animals were inoculated with 20 µg of human IgG by intramuscular, intradermal, or subcutaneous routes, or with 2, 20, or 200 µg of human IgG via IM to evaluate the effect of dose. All routes led to significant levels of specific antibodies after the fifth inoculation. There was a significant difference in the levels of antibodies produced with 2 and 200 µg of antigen after the third and seventh inoculation. It was observed that there is no influence of route of inoculation or dose on the avidity of the antibodies produced. Furthermore, the index of avidity is influenced directly by the number of inoculations. These results are important to help future studies where antibody production of IgY from laying hens is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single stranded RNA sequences involved in posttranscriptional regulation of different biological and physiological processes. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and it is a major cause of mortality due to systemic mycoses in Brazil. To date, there have been few reports on the role of miRNAs in the immune response against fungi, especially PCM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of miRNAs related to the inflammatory response associated with pulmonary infection by P. brasiliensis. For this purpose, lungs from BALB/c mice, intravenously infected with P. brasiliensis (2.7× 107 yeast cells/ml, n = 12) and noninfected BALB/c mice (n = 8), were collected at the 28 and 56 day after infection. The lung parenchyma presented a great number of yeast cells, granulomas, and edema at 28 days and a framework of resolution of the inflammatory process after 56 days. The mRNAs gata-3, ror-γ t, foxp3, and IL-6 were positively regulated at the moment at the 56 day, while the TGF-β1 mRNA was positively regulated at both moments. The miRNAs 126a-5p, 340-5p, 30b-5p, 19b-3p, 221-3p, 20a-5p, 130a-3p, and 301a-3p, 466k presented the greatest increase in expression levels 28 days after infection, and the miRNAs let-7f-5p, let-7a-5p, 5p-26b, let-7e-5p and 369-3p, 466k presented a greater increase in levels of expression 56 days after infection. This study shows a set of differentially expressed miRNAs possibly involved in the immune response in mice during pulmonary infection by P. brasiliensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the bibliometric characteristics of the presentations at the 5th, 8th and 10th Conferences of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, which were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals covered by the Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index and LISA databases. 31.7% of all the papers presented at the three conferences were published. Scientometrics was the journal that published the highest proportions. A low rate of publication deprives researchers of potentially interesting results and points up the role of the ISSI Conference proceedings as a primary source of information.