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Targeting immune-related tumor cell-extrinsic mechanisms Section 4 focused on tumor cell-extrinsic mechanisms that modulate cancer immunity also impacting cancer immunotherapy. Graph: Supplementary file 1 (PDF 107 kb) Graph: Supplementary file 2 (DOCX 21 kb) Abbreviations ACC Alleanza contro il cancro ACT Adoptive cell therapy AIOM Associazione Italiana di oncologia medica AML Acute myeloid leukemia APC Antigen presenting cell BCG Bacille-Calmette-Guérin CAF Carcinoma-associated fibroblast CDA Cytidine deaminase CRC Colorectal cancer DC Dendritic cell DFS Disease free survival HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma HSPC Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell ICI Immune checkpoint inhibitor IFN Interferon IL Interleukin LN Lymph node LRRC15 Leucine-rich repeat containing 15 MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cell M-MDSC Monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cell MM Multiple myeloma MPO Myeloperoxidase mregDC Dendritic cell enriched in immunoregulatory molecules NAMPT Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase NIBIT Italian network for tumor biotherapy NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer PMN-MDSC Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell PDAC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma SIC Società Italiana di cancerologia SIICA Società Italiana di Immunologia, Immunologia Clinica ed Allergologia SITC Society for immunotherapy of cancer TAM Tumor-associated macrophage TIL Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte TLS Tertiary lymphoid structure TNBC Triple negative breast cancer UDP Uridine diphosphate UTP Uridine triphosphate Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Coordinated responses to individual tumor antigens by IgG antibody and CD8 SP + sp T cells, both recognizing component of the same long peptide and the tumor, have been demonstrated following cancer vaccination. [Extracted from the article]

Abbreviations AACR American association for cancer research ACC Alleanza contro il cancro ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 AIOM Associazione Italiana di oncologia medica BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage ccRCC Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma CAR Chimeric antigen receptor COVID-19 Coronavirus disease-19 ECOG Eastern cooperative oncology group ESMO European society for medical oncology FEST Functional expansion of specific T cells ICB Immune checkpoint blockade MANA Mutation-associated neoantigens NIBIT Italian network for tumor biotherapy PDAC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma RBD Receptor binding domain pSTAT3 Phosphorylated STAT3 SARS-Cov-2 Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SIICA Società Italiana di immunologia, immunologia clinica ed allergologia TERAVOLT Thoracic cancer international COVID-19 collaboration TLS Tertiary lymphoid structures TME Tumor microenvironment Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. B cells in COVID-19 and cancer Session 2 was dedicated to the role of B cells both in cancer and in COVID-19. Dendritic cells originating in the tumor pick up tumor antigens and traffic to the tumor-draining lymph nodes, where they present antigens either ineffectively or in a tolerogenic fashion to tumor-specific T cells. Keywords: Immunotherapy; Cancer vaccines; Checkpoint blockade agents; Adoptive immunotherapy; Targeted therapies; NIBIT EN Immunotherapy Cancer vaccines Checkpoint blockade agents Adoptive immunotherapy Targeted therapies NIBIT 1787 1794 8 06/15/22 20220701 NES 220701 Précis: COVID-19 at the intersection between cancer, immunity and immunotherapy was the theme of the XVIII annual meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT), which gathered on-line basic scientists, clinicians and international leaders on October 15-16, 2020. [Extracted from the article]

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a central role in restraining tumor growth, and a deep understanding of the interplay between cancer cells and their local environment is relevant to designing immunotherapies that fit each tumor best. Today, treatment allocation of PDAC patient is currently based on clinical, biochemical, and radiologic features but, to reach a personalized treatment, it is mandatory to identify new tools to predict tumor response and develop a more effective patient treatment. Activation of tumor-specific CD8 T cells that mediate regression of the irradiated tumor as well as a non-irradiated synchronous tumor (abscopal effect) is seen only when radiation is combined with CTLA-4 blockade, whereas each treatment alone was ineffective, demonstrating a therapeutic synergy of radiation and CTLA4 blockade. Keywords: Immunotherapy; Cancer vaccines; Checkpoint blockade agents; Adoptive immunotherapy; Targeted therapies; NIBIT EN Immunotherapy Cancer vaccines Checkpoint blockade agents Adoptive immunotherapy Targeted therapies NIBIT 1777 1786 10 06/15/22 20220701 NES 220701 Introduction Oncology embrace Immunology: the way forward captioned the XVII international meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT) held in Verona on October 11-13, 2019. [Extracted from the article]