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Background: Using Shuxuening injection (SXNI) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is popular in China, but its efficacy and safety remain controversial. Purpose: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of SXNI as an add-on therapy for AIS. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SXNI for AIS in seven databases and two clinical trial registration platforms from their inception to January 2023. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the methodological quality of the included studies and performed the meta-analysis with R software. The primary outcome was clinical efficacy, assessed by the clinical effective rate (CER). The secondary outcomes were neurological function, activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse events (AEs). Results: In total, 116 studies with 12,401 participants were included in this review. Fifteen (12.9%) studies were judged to be of moderate to high quality. SXNI plus conventional treatments (CTs) improved the CER compared with CTs alone (risk ratio [RR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.25, p < 0.0001) or CTs plus other injections (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.15–1.21, p < 0.0001). SXNI plus CTs reduced the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score compared with CTs alone (mean difference [MD]: −4.00, 95% CI: −5.22 to −2.78, p < 0.0001) or CTs plus other injections (MD: −2.28, 95% CI: −3.41 to −1.16, p < 0.0001). SXNI plus CTs also decreased the Chinese Stroke Scale score compared with CTs alone (MD: −5.01, 95% CI: −7.38 to −2.65, p < 0.0001) or CTs plus other injections (MD: −4.31, 95% CI: −5.75 to −2.88, p < 0.0001). SXNI plus CTs was superior for increasing the Barthel index score compared with CTs alone (MD: 11.58, 95% CI: 8.27–14.90, p < 0.0001) or CTs plus other injections (MD: 5.43, 95% CI: 0.48–10.39, p = 0.0317). The level of evidence for each outcome was assessed as low to very low. The most common AEs of SXNI were cardiovascular system events, and all these AEs were mild. Conclusion: SXNI combined with CTs maybe better than CTs alone or CTs plus other injections for improving the clinical efficacy, neurological function, and ADL of AIS patients, with relatively reliable safety. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, more rigorously designed RCTs with large sample sizes should be conducted in the future. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier (CRD42023418565). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection and design of interface materials as the key to interface engineering is crucial for the excellent performance of optoelectronic devices, enabling multi‐functional integration at interfaces. MXene has been extensively employed in optoelectronic devices as an interface material. The primary drawback in interfacial applications, however, is MXene's vulnerability to oxidation in hot, humid environments, which severely reduces photovoltaic performance. Based on hetero‐interface engineering, this work offers a novel 2D‐semiconductor/0D‐plasma heterojunction MXene‐TA‐Au‐PEG (MTAP) as a high‐performance and multifunctional photovoltaic interfacial material. MTAP not only effectively protects MXene against stacking and spontaneous oxidation, but also exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties and interfacial antifouling capability. Moreover, MTAP is employed to enhance SPR spectroscopy, allowing for the direct, real‐time detection of tumor cell exosomes with LODs as low as 0.28 particles mL−1. MTAP effectively addresses the conventional "three S" requirements for sensors in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and stability by integrating photoelectric enhancement, interfacial antifouling, and oxidative stabilization characteristics. Finally, the results of serum sample analysis showed the sensor has some potential application value in clinical diagnosis. This study offers novel perspectives on the fabrication of 2D/0D heterojunctions using semiconductor and plasma materials, with the aim of developing improved sensing chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that can colonize human gastric epithelial cells and cause H. pylori infection, closely related to many gastric diseases. Compared with conventional H. pylori detection methods, emerging diagnostic approaches (such as biosensors) have become potentially more effective alternatives due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity and noninvasiveness. This review begins with a brief overview of H. pylori infection, the processes that lead to diseases, and current diagnostic methods. Subsequently, advanced biosensors in different target-based for diagnosing H. pylori infection are focused, including the detection of H. pylori-related nucleic acid, H. pylori-related protein (such as the cytotoxin, urease), and intact H. pylori. In addition, prospects for the development of H. pylori detection methods are also discussed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are characterized by a vast spectrum of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs); however, their functional relevance is largely unknown. By performing a genome‐wide survey on prognosis‐associated focal CNAs in 814 HCC patients by an integrative computational framework based on transcriptomic data, genomic amplification is identified at 8q24.13 as a promising candidate. Further evidence is provided that the 8q24.13 amplification‐driven overexpression of Rab GTPase activating protein TBC1D31 exacerbates HCC growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo through activating Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Mechanistically, TBC1D31 acts as a Rab GTPase activating protein to catalyze GTP hydrolysis for Rab22A and then reduces the Rab22A‐mediated endolysosomal trafficking and degradation of EGFR. Notably, overexpression of TBC1D31 markedly increases the resistance of HCC cells to lenvatinib, whereas inhibition of the TBC1D31‐EGFR axis can reverse this resistance phenotype. This study highlights that TBC1D31 at 8q24.13 is a new critical oncogene, uncovers a novel mechanism of EGFR activation in HCC, and proposes the potential strategies for treating HCC patients with TBC1D31 amplification or overexpression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying biomarkers for predicting radiotherapy efficacy is crucial for optimizing personalized treatments. We previously reported that rs1553867776 in the miR-4274 seed region can predict survival in patients with rectal cancer receiving postoperative chemoradiation therapy. Hence, to investigate the molecular mechanism of the genetic variation and its impact on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC), in this study, bioinformatics analysis is combined with functional experiments to confirm peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) as a direct target of miR-4274. The miR-4274 rs1553867776 variant influences the binding of miR-4274 and PEX5 mRNA, which subsequently regulates PEX5 protein expression. The interaction between PEX5 and Ku70 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. A xenograft tumor model was established to validate the effects of miR-4274 and PEX5 on CRC progression and radiosensitivity in vivo. The overexpression of PEX5 enhances radiosensitivity by preventing Ku70 from entering the nucleus and reducing the repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage by the Ku70/Ku80 complex in the nucleus. In addition, the enhanced expression of PEX5 is associated with increased IR-induced ferroptosis. Thus, targeting this mechanism might effectively increase the radiosensitivity of CRC. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanism of cancer radioresistance and have important implications for clinical radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This research developed a prognostic model for OS patients based on the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signature. Background: The mTORC1 signaling pathway has a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis and development through the regulation of cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. However, the mechanism of action of this signaling pathway in Osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. Objective: The datasets including the TARGET-OS and GSE39058, and 200 mTORC1 genes were collected. Methods: The mTORC1 signaling-related genes were obtained based on the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) database, and the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was utilized in order to calculate the mTORC1 score. Then, the WGCNA were performed for the mTORC1-correlated gene module, the un/multivariate and lasso Cox regression analysis were conducted for the RiskScore model. The immune infiltration analysis was performed by using the ssGSEA method, ESTIMATE tool and MCP-Count algorithm. KM survival and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis were performed by using the survival and timeROC package. Results: The mTORC1 score and WGCNA with β = 5 screened the mTORC1 positively correlated skyblue2 module that included 67 genes, which are also associated with the metabolism and hypoxia pathways. Further narrowing of candidate genes and calculating the regression coefficient, we developed a useful and reliable RiskScore model, which can classify the patients in the training and validation set into high and low-risk groups based on the median value of RiskScore as an independent and robust prognostic factor. High-risk patients had a significantly poor prognosis, lower immune infiltration level of multiple immune cells and prone to cancer metastasis. Finally, we a nomogram model incorporating the metastasis features and RiskScore showed excellent prediction accuracy and clinical practicability. Conclusion: We developed a useful and reliable risk prognosis model based on the mTORC1 signaling signature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant tumor originating from epidermal or appendageal keratinocytes, with a rising incidence in recent years. Understanding the molecular mechanism driving its development is crucial. This study aims to investigate whether miR-34a-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of cSCC by targeting Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6).The expression levels of miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 were determined in 15 cSCC tissue specimens, 15 normal tissue specimens and cultured cells via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 expression levels in cSCC tissues. A431 and SCL-1 cells were transfected with miR-34a-5p mimic, negative control or miR-34a-5p mimic together with recombinant plasmids containing SIRT6 gene. Cell counting kit-8, clone formation assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry were employed to assess the effects of these transfections on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, respectively. The interaction between miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 was characterized using a dual-luciferase reporter assay.MiR-34a-5p expression was down-regulated in cSCC tissues significantly, while the SIRT6 expression was the opposite. A negative correlation was observed between the expression of miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 in cSCC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-34a-5p led to a significant reduction in the proliferation and migration abilities of A431 and SCL-1 cells, accompanied by an increase in apoptosis levels and a decrease in SIRT6 expression levels. MiR-34a-5p was identified as a direct target of SIRT6. Importantly, overexpression of SIRT6 effectively counteracted the inhibitory effect mediated by miR-34a-5p in cSCC cells.Our findings suggest that miR-34a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in cSCC cells by targeting SIRT6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensing interface co-constructed from the two-dimensional conductive material (Ag@MXene) and an antifouling cyclic multifunctional peptide (CP) is described. While the large surface area of Ag@MXene loads more CP probes, CP binds to Ag@MXene to form a fouling barrier and ensure the structural rigidity of the targeting sequence. This strategy synergistically enhances the biosensor's sensitivity and resistance to contamination. The SPR results showed that the binding affinity of the CP to the target was 6.23 times higher than that of the antifouling straight-chain multifunctional peptide (SP) to the target. In the 10 mg/mL BSA electrochemical fouling test, the fouling resistance of Ag@MXene + CP (composite sensing interface of CP combined with Ag@MXene) was 30 times higher than that of the bare electrode. The designed electrochemical sensor exhibited good selectivity and wide dynamic response range at PD-L1 concentrations from 0.1 to 50 ng/mL. The lowest detection limit was 24.54 pg/mL (S/N = 3). Antifouling 2D materials with a substantial specific surface area, coupled with non-straight chain antifouling multifunctional peptides, offer a wide scope for investigating the sensitivity and antifouling properties of electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleeping bag can protect the human body keeping warm effectively in the cold environment. Among the many varieties sleeping bags, phase change thermoregulating sleeping bag is an innovative product, which can adjust the cold and hot comfort of the environment around the body. However, there are little phase change thermoregulating sleeping bags for adults, especially about their design and tests. Therefore, this study focused on the development of a phase change viscose sleeping bag suitable for adults, and explored the method to research its thermoregulating property compared with ordinary sleeping bag. Notably, climate chamber, "Walter" biothermal manikin and temperature sensors were used to evaluate the performance of them. The results showed that the phase change sleeping bag had obvious function of thermoregulating. When the ambient temperature changed for about 10 ℃, the temperature in the phase change sleeping bag changed only 0.3–0.8 ℃ because of the thermoregulating property of phase change viscose fiber. Meanwhile, it had a 9–11 ℃ temperature difference (△T) between phase change sleeping bag and ordinary sleeping bag in the climate chamber with a temperature change from 10 to 50 ℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe‐based nanostructures have possessed promising properties that make it suitable for chiral sensing and imaging applications owing to their ultra‐small size, non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the field of Fe‐based nanostructures and places special emphases on their applications in chiral sensing and imaging. The synthetic strategies to prepare the targeted Fe‐based structures were also introduced. The chiral sensing and imaging applications of the nanostructures are discussed in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, owing to the high capacity and superior structural stability. However, the application of SiOC anode is limited by its low conductivity and poor rate performance. Here, SiOC anodes were prepared by the pyrolysis of silicone resin (RSN‐217) at different temperatures (700, 850, 1000, and 1150° C), and the effect of graphitization degree and Si─O─C network on the electrochemical performance of SiOC anodes was investigated. The elemental and structural characteristics of the pyrolyzed SiOC ceramics at different temperatures were inspected using a broad spectrum of characterization techniques, and electrochemical performance testing methods, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge, were conducted on SiOC anode. SiOC‐1000 showed excellent electrochemical performance due to the highest graphitization degree of free carbon phase and the highest content of SiO2C2 and SiO3C units. Considerable research effort laid a foundation for exploring the lithium storage mechanism of SiOC anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic drug monitoring of doxorubicin (DOX) is important to study pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing chemotherapy for reduction of side effects and improve patient survival by rationally controlling the dose of DOX. A fast and ultra-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detector without sample pre-handling was developed for DOX monitoring. First, the two-dimensional metal–organic framework was modified on the Au film to enhance SPR, and then, the supramolecular probes with tunable cavity structure were self-assembled at the sensing interface for direct detection of DOX through specific host–guest interactions with a low detection limit of 60.24 pM. The precise monitoring of DOX in serum proved the possibility of clinical application with recoveries in the range 102.86–109.47%. The mechanisms of host–guest interactions between supramolecular and small-molecule drugs were explored in depth through first-principles calculations combined with SPR experiments. The study paves the way for designing facile and sensitive detectors and provides theoretical support and a new methodology for the specific detection of small molecules through calixarene cavity modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiOC anode materials are widely studied due to their good stability, high theoretical specific capacity, and low cost, which make them attractive as potential anode materials. However, the poor conductivity of SiOC limits its application in lithium-ion batteries. In order to improve the electrochemical properties of SiOC materials, SiOC/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites with different content were prepared by the wet chemical method. The effects of CNTs on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites were studied. When the current density was 0.2 C, the reversible capacity of SiOC/CNTs-3 composites reached 517.01 mAh/g after 100 cycles, while that of SiOC was only 413.52 mAh/g. The results show that the introduction of CNTs improved the electrochemical properties of SiOC materials. Therefore, the study provides an effective strategy for improving the electrochemical properties of silicon-based anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, five three-dimensional angle-interlock fabrics with different warp and weft densities were fabricated using 1000D Kevlar filaments. The Kevlar/EP composites were prepared by vacuum-assisted molding techniques. The low-velocity impact property of the composite was tested, focusing on the effects of the warp and weft densities, impact energy, impactor shape, and impactor diameter. The damage area, dent depth, and crack lengths in the warp and weft direction were used to evaluate the impact performance, and the specimens were compared with plain-weave composites with similar areal densities. The dominant failure mode of the conical impactor was fiber fracture, while the dominant failure mode of the hemispherical impactor was fiber–resin debonding. The cylindrical impactor showed only minor resin fragmentation. The residual flexural strength of the composite after impact was tested to provide insights into its mechanical properties. The study findings will provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the design of impact-resistant structures using such materials and facilitate their engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling the handedness and absorptive characteristics of chiral materials is essential for exploring new advances in the field of chiral sensors and catalysts. The deliberate architecture of the building blocks and their self‐assembly process are critical factors for fabricating chirally active structures from achiral nanoscale components. Herein, the fabrication of multicomponent gel structures comprising magnetoplasmonic core–shell Au@FexOy nanowires embedded in a macroscopic titania nanocrystal network is demonstrated, which shows broadband absorption covering the ultraviolet–visible light spectrum while maintaining excellent porosity in the aerogel state. The effect of externally applied helical magnetic field is exploited to induce self‐assembly of the magnetoplasmonic nanowires into chirally active superstructures. Furthermore, a second vector of symmetry is observed when the chiral hydrogel unit is rotated up to 45° around the z‐axis perpendicular to the light path, in which the measured circular dichroism intensity is modulated up to ±102% compared to those at 0°. This study serves as a concept of designing optically active chiral 3D superstructures, applicable to optical filters, sensing devices, and chiral photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019, the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy, which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea. The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea, Chukchi Abyssal Plain, Mendeleev Ridge, Makarov Basin, and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d. After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge, it continued to drift toward the pole. Overall, the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current, as well as the inertial flow, cross-ridge surface flow, and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals. The results showed that: (1) the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain, Mendeleev Ridge, and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high, and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s; (2) the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s, and while this current moves westward along the continental slope, it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea; and (3) when sea ice concentration was less than 50%, the inertial flow was more significant (the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s, and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past four decades, Arctic sea ice coverage has steadily declined. This loss of sea ice has amplified solar radiation and heat absorption from the ocean, exacerbating both polar ice loss and global warming. It has also accelerated changes in sea ice movement, posing safety risks for ship navigation. In recent years, numerical prediction models have dominated the field of sea ice movement prediction. However, these models often rely on extensive data sources, which can be limited in specific time periods or regions, reducing their applicability. This study introduces a novel approach for predicting Arctic sea ice motion within a 10-day window. We employ a Self-Attention ConvLSTM deep learning network based on single-source data, specifically optical flow derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System 36.5 GHz data, covering the entire Arctic region. Upon verification, our method shows a reduction of 0.80 to 1.18 km in average mean absolute error over a 10-day period when compared to ConvLSTM, demonstrating its improved ability to capture the spatiotemporal correlation of sea ice motion vector fields and provide accurate predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na3V2(PO4)3, a highly promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, often suffers from limited electronic conductivity, impeding its overall performance. To address this issue, a study was conducted to synthesize graphene-attached hierarchical porous Na3V2(PO4)3 microspheres (NVP/GO). Using a hydrothermal method and high temperature sintering process with 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDC) as a carbon source, this study successfully improved the transport dynamics of NVP/GO, resulting in enhanced rate capability and cycling performance. The NVP/GO microspheres exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 108.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, and even at a high rate of 20 C, the capacity remained at 81.2 mAh g−1. Impressively, after 10,000 cycles at 10 C, the capacity only experienced a minimal decay of 0.006% per cycle, indicating excellent cycling stability. Ex-situ XRD analysis further confirmed the reversible Na ion extraction/insertion process of the NVP/GO electrode. Moreover, when NVP/GO was assembled into full cells with NVP/GO as both the cathode and anode, the electrochemical performance remained highly satisfactory. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing the practical application of sodium-ion cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Poststroke fatigue (PSF) is a common complication after stroke. However, information on the global prevalence of PSF and how this varies geographically and by population is lacking. Our aim was to examine the global prevalence of PSF and identify sources of heterogeneity in the published literature. Methods: Four medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched from their inception to 28 February 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for studies reporting prevalence data (JBI) was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB) of the included studies. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PSF determined using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression models were used to define the source of heterogeneity. Results: In all, 66 studies with 11,697 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall quality of the included studies was medium. The global pooled prevalence of PSF in stroke survivors was 46.79% (95% confidence interval (CI), 43.41–50.18%). The prevalence estimates of PSF based on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) were 47.44% (95% CI, 43.20–51.67%), 51.69% (95% CI, 44.54–58.83%), and 36.13% (95% CI, 23.07–49.18%), respectively. Prevalence rates of PSF were higher in females (53.19%; 95% CI, 46.46–59.92%), in hemorrhagic stroke (57.54%; 95% CI, 40.55–74.53%), in those with a college degree or higher (53.18%; 95% CI, 42.82–63.54%), and in those with unmarried or divorced status (59.78%; 95% CI, 44.72–74.83%). Conclusions: The prevalence of PSF in stroke survivors is high, affecting almost half of all stroke sufferers. PSF rates were higher with female gender, being unmarried or divorced, having a higher educational level, and being hemorrhagic compared to ischemic stroke. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021269441). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and efficient lithium-ion battery capacity prediction plays an important role in improving performance and ensuring safe operation. In this study, a novel lithium-ion battery capacity prediction model combining successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) and aquila optimized deep extreme learning machine (AO-DELM) is proposed. Firstly, SVMD is used to divide capacity signal and it improves short-term trend prediction, especially for capacity growth that occurs during the degradation process. Secondly, the DELM network outperforms other networks in efficiently extracting time-dependent features, and it is more accurate than other standard ELM-based methods. The AO algorithm is used to find the parameters of the DELM training process for the problem of sensitivity to initial weights. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the predictive performance of the proposed model based on NASA and CALCE lithium-ion batteries sequences. The MAE (0.0066Ah, 0.0044Ah), RMSE (0.0113Ah, 0.0078Ah), MAPE (0.44%, 0.82%) are effectively reduced, and the R2 (98.94%, 99.87%) is better than the prediction performance of other hybrid models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid will spread along two directions in the stripe of textiles normally. This study conducted a coating experiment to develop a knitted fabric with unbalanced wicking property along the stripe. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% coating concentrations were coated along the knitted stripes with the coating distance at 5 cm, 8 cm and 11 cm. When compared with non-coated stripe, the stripe with gradient coatings exhibited the asymmetric liquid transport property. It can transfer water droplet rapidly from hydrophobic section to hydrophilic section of stripe. It can be suggested that directional water transport could be achieved in order to control the water transport direction at in-plane direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of life medicine, in vitro diagnostics (IVD) technology has become an auxiliary tool for early diagnosis of diseases. However, biosensors for IVD now face some disadvantages such as poor targeting, significant antifouling properties, low density of recognized molecules, and poor stability. In recent years, peptides have been demonstrated to have various functions in unnatural biological systems, such as targeting properties, antifouling properties, and self-assembly properties, which indicates that peptides can be engineered. These properties of peptides, combined with their good biocompatibility, can be well applied to the design of biosensors to solve the problems mentioned above. This review provides an overview of the properties of engineered functional peptides and their applications in enhancing biosensor performance, mainly in the field of optics and electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: During the post-COVID-19 era, everyone has the risk of contracting the virus and becoming the victims of COVID-19. Examining the relationship between the COVID-19 victimization experience and its effects is more urgent. The aim of present study is to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction, and the mediating role of emotional intelligence. Methods: A online questionnaire including the COVID-19 Victimization Experience Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale among Chinese university students, were employed in this study. Finally, 1154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity. Results: Structural Equation Model (SEM) demonstrated that COVID-19 victimization experience significantly predicted smartphone addiction in university students, and emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect. Conclusion: COVID-19 victimization experience was a important variables in predicting university students's martphone addiction, and emotional intelligence was a protective factor in decreasing the negative effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on addictive behaviors. It is suggested that instructors should integrate emotional intelligence training programs into mental health courses so as to improve students' emotional intelligence ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a series of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts with different macropore sizes were successfully fabricated via a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) template method. The photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation over 3DOM Bi4O5Br2 first increased and then decreased with the rise in macropore size. Specifically, 3DOM Bi4O5Br2-255 (macropore diameter ca. 170 nm) exhibits the best photocatalytic activity in the static system, which is about 4.5, 7.3, and 11.9 times higher than those of bulk Bi4O5Br2, Bi2WO6, and g-C3N4, respectively. Meanwhile, high phenol conversion (75%) is also obtained over 3DOM Bi4O5Br2-255 in the flow system under full spectrum irradiation. Furthermore, 3DOM Bi4O5Br2-255 also shows strong mineralization capacity owing to the downward shift of valance band position (0.15 V) as compared with Bi4O5Br2. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate over 3DOM Bi4O5Br2-255 (62%) is much higher than that of Bi4O5Br2 (17%). The enhancement in photocatalytic performance of 3DOM Bi4O5Br2-255 is attributable to its better phenol adsorption, O2 activation, and charge separation and transfer abilities. This work combines the advantages of 3D structure and surface dangling bonds, providing new possibilities for designing highly efficient photocatalysts for pollutants removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the fault correlation between CNC machine tool subsystems using decision laboratory analysis and the House of Reliability (HoR) methodology. Initially, the maintenance information of the machine tool and other hazard indicators is comprehensively analyzed based on the cognitive best worst method (CBWM) to assign weights of hazard indicators. The HoR method is then employed to perform fault correlation fusion, which results in comprehensive hazard analysis results of the machine tool subsystems considering the fault correlation. Finally, the results obtained from the fusion fault correlation and the traditional hazard analysis are compared. The results indicate that the proposed method can highlight the relatively important subsystems and the most vulnerable parts of the machine tools. Overall, the hazard analysis results of this paper contribute to the safe and reliable operational and maintenance optimization of CNC machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of heavy-metal pollutants in industrialized systems contributes to a variety of hazards, including threats to both the environment and human health. Of particular concern is the release of Cr(VI) wastewater, which can be toxic and potentially carcinogenic. As a result, the capture/removal and accurate detection of Cr(VI) was extremely critical. However, there were few efficient colorimetric methods available for the detection of Cr(VI). To address this issue, we have developed a simple and convenient method utilizing the Cu bimetal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) to construct a visual colorimetric sensor specifically designed for Cr(VI) detection. The synergism effect of -SH and -NH2 on the surface of Cu-MOF allows for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Meanwhile, oxidase substrate 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is converted to oxTMB, rapidly turning the colorless solution into deep blue. This strategy allows for the detection of Cr(VI) with a wide linear range of 0.2–100 μM within 1 min. Additionally, the limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 0.023 μM. This method showed excellent selectivity in against potentially interfering metal ions and anions that commonly found in wastewater. Furthermore, with its fast response time and potential for on-site screening and point-of-care testing, the Cu-MOF sensor represents a promising development in the detection of Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of police anti-riot shield was summarized.Development status of metal anti-riot shield, polycarbonate anti-riot shield, composite materials for anti-riot shield and shield forming process were introduced, Performance characteristics of five kinds of composite materials for anti-riot shields were summarized emphatically. Content of anti-riot shield standards at home and abroad were compared. It is considered that with the progress of technology and materials, anti-riot shield will develop towards higher efficiency, more comfortable and lighter weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, sodium-ion batteries have received increasing attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, and O3-type layered oxides are considered one of the candidates for commercial sodium-ion battery cathode materials. Here, we report a novel O3-NaNi0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5O2 sodium-ion battery cathode material, characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, EIS, CV, and charge/discharge tests for the structural and electrochemical properties of O3-NaNi0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5O2. O3-NaNi0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5O2 has a discharge capacity of 139 mAh/g at 1 C and still has 77% capacity after 100 cycles, while it has a discharge capacity of 116 mAh/g at 5 C. The excellent cycling and rate performance is mainly due to the stability of the transition metal layer and the large spacing of the Na layer. These outstanding properties make O3-NaNi0.3Fe0.2Mn0.5O2 a potential candidate for sodium-ion battery cathode materials, and the experiments in this paper also provide suitable ideas for the discovery of new sodium-ion battery cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been a disease marker in the diagnosis of heart failure. In this study, gold nanoparticles modified with Hemin (H‐AuNPs) as nanozymes were used to oxidize ABST and MB to amplified colorimetric and electrochemical redox signals respectively. BNP was combined with H‐AuNPs (BNP‐H‐AuNPs) through electrostatic adsorption to construct competitive nanozyme probes. Target BNP in the sample compete with BNP‐H‐AuNPs to bind the antibody‐modified magnetic nanoparticles (AntiBNP‐MNPs). Due to the excellent catalytic performance of the nanozyme, BNP can be observed well by colorimetric and electrochemical assays. Electrochemical method ensured more accurate detection of BNP with a wide detection range (1–200 pg/mL) and a low detection of limit (0.03 pg/mL). Meanwhile, the results of the experiment can be easily observed with the naked eye by simple colorimetric method with a range from 5 ng/mL to 25 ng/mL and a limit of detection down to 80.3 pg/mL. Thus, based on the important role of H‐AuNPs, this assay has exhibited potential value of detection the other small proteins through this competitive nanozyme method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrated α-syn (nitro-α-syn) is a biomarker for Parkinson's desease (PD), and its sensitive detection in serum is of great importance for early PD diagnosis. Silver-coated copper MOF (Cu-MOF@Ag) with outstanding oxidase activity and electrochemical response property was designed and synthesized. Cu-MOF@Ag exhibited excellent oxidase activity with a low Km value (0.568 mM), avoiding the addition of strong oxidant to catalyze chromogenic substrate, which enhanced the colorimetric stability. Silver nanoparticles as an electrochemical signal reporter can be easily decorated on the surface of Cu-MOF with bifunctional groups (-SH and -NH2) material, which can increase the electrochemical signal output. The α-syn antibody modified Cu-MOF@Ag and nitro-α-syn modified magnetic nanoparticle were used as immunoprobes to specifically capture nitro-α-syn. A dual-modal immunosensor was fabricated for the simple and reliable detection of nitro-α-syn based on Cu-MOF@Ag. Combing colorimetric and electrochemical detection, nitro-α-syn can be determined quantitatively within a wide linear range (10–350 ng/mL) with low detection limit (0.5 ng/mL). The ability of the sensor with magnetic separation and dual signal analysis allowed to successfully detect nitro-α-syn and distinguish PD patients from healthy people (P < 0.005). Thanks to its excellent selectivity, stability, and the precision of 2.69%, the dual-modal sensor has potential clinical application for nitro-α-syn detection and paves a new way for PD diagnosis at its early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Although increasing evidence indicates that cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be beneficial in the treatment of dysphagia, its clinical efficacy is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high-frequency cerebellar rTMS on poststroke dysphagia. METHODS: This was a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial. A total of eighty-four study participants were randomly assigned into the cerebellum and control groups. The cerebellum group received bilateral 10 Hz rTMS treatment of the pharyngeal motor area of the cerebellum. The control group was administered with sham rTMS of the pharyngeal motor area of the cerebellum. All patients underwent the same conventional swallowing rehabilitation training after the intervention 5 days a week for a total of 10 days. Assessment of swallowing function was done before treatment (baseline), after treatment (2 weeks), and during follow-up (2 weeks after treatment) using the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS) and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). RESULTS: The interaction between time and intervention had a significant effect on PAS (P < 0.001) and FEDSS (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the cerebellum group exhibited significantly improved clinical swallowing function scores (PAS: P = 0.007, FEDSS: P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Bilateral cerebellar rTMS is a potential new neurorehabilitation technique for post-stroke dysphagia. Studies should aim at investigating the therapeutic mechanism of cerebellar rTMS and improve this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2-Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 has been thought to be one of the potential cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries because of its economic efficiency and high specific capacity (260 mAh g−1). However, its practical applicability was limited by rapid capacity degradation and poor rate performance. In this work, the Spherical Ce-modified Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 materials were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which simultaneously realized Ce doping and CeO2 coating. During the high-temperature calcination process, a section of Ce was doped into the lattice, and the stronger Ce–O bonding reduces the TMO2 layer spacing and enhanced the structural stability of the material, in addition, the larger radius of Ce4+ provides a larger interlayer gap for the diffusion of sodium ions and reduces the migration potential of Na+. The other section of Ce was coated on the material surface in the form of CeO2, which protects the electrode from electrolyte erosion and avoids side reactions. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the 3 wt% Ce-modified FM sample (FM-3) displays good cycling performance and rate capability, with a capacity retention of 61.8% after 100 cycles at 1 C, compared to just 52.6% for the pristine sample (FM-0). Even at 2 C, the FM-3 has a discharge-specific capacity of 99.7 mAh g−1, whereas FM-0 only has 79.6 mAh g−1. An efficient modification technique for creating high-performance sodium-ion battery cathode materials is presented in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the relationship among uric acid (UA), 24-h microalbumin (24 h-MAU) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in hypertensive patients. Method: The study enrolled adult patients hospitalized in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital. The study was used to explore the correlation among UA, 24 h-MAU and eGFR. Univariate analysis was used to compare continuous or categorical data groups according to data type. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the correlation among UA, Log 24 h-MAU and eGFR by linear regression, and the relationship among UA, 24 h-MAU ≥ 30 mg/24 h (increased 24 h-MAU) and eGFR < 90 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 (mildly decreased eGFR) by logistic regression. Mediation effect analysis was used to explore the mediating effect of increased 24 h-MAU between UA and mildly decreased eGFR. Subgroup analysis was used to investigate the correlation among UA, 24 h-MAU and eGFR in different gender. Result: Seven hundred and thirty-three inpatients were enrolled in the study, including 257 patients with hyperuricemia. The level of UA was 377.8 ± 99.9 μmol/L in all patients enrolled, and it was about 50.1% higher in hyperuricemia group (482.3 ± 58.8 μmol/L vs. 321.4 ± 63.5 μmol/L, P < 0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 35.1% (95%CI 31.6–38.5%). The univariate regression analysis showed that UA was significant related to Log 24 h-MAU, increased 24 h-MAU, eGFR and mildly decreased eGFR. After adjusted confounding factors, UA was significant related to Log 24 h-MAU (β = 0.163, P < 0.001), eGFR (β = − 0.196, P < 0.001), increased 24 h-MAU (quantitative analysis: OR = 1.045, 95%CI 1.020–1.071, P < 0.001; qualitative analysis: OR = 2.245, 95%CI 1.410–3.572, P = 0.001), but had no significant relationship with mildly decreased eGFR. Mediating effect analysis showed that increased 24 h-MAU partially mediated the relationship between UA and mildly decreased eGFR (relative indirect effect: 25.0% and 20.3% in quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis respectively). In the subgroup analysis, the results were stable and similar to the analysis for entry patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in hypertensive inpatients. UA was strongly associated with Log 24 h-MAU, eGFR and increased 24 h-MAU, while the correlation with mildly decreased eGFR was affected by multiple factors. And increased 24 h-MAU might be the intermediate factor between UA and mildly decreased eGFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiOC is one of the most promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, which shows the good structural stability and high capacity comparing to commercial graphite anode. In this paper, different SiOC anodes (SiOC‐217, SiOC‐H44, and SiOC‐MK) were prepared from polymer precursors with different side groups (phenyl, methyl‐phenyl, methyl) to investigate the effects of free carbon on the electrochemical performance of SiOC anodes. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy presented that SiOC was composed by different SiOxC4−x units and free carbon phase. The initial discharge capacity of SiOC‐217 was 742.67 mA h g−1. After 100 cycles, the reversible capacity of SiOC‐217 reached 450.65 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C, indicating a capacity retention rate of 60.68%. After cycling at high current densities, SiOC‐217 exhibited a high discharge capacity of 592.88 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C. SiOC‐217 exhibited excellent electrochemical performance due to the high content of free carbon phase. Furthermore, the high contents of SiO2C2 and SiO3C units further enhanced the improvement of electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical parameters (i.e., extraction yield, oil content), chemicals (i.e., fatty acids, phenolics) and oxidative stability associated with virgin olive oil (VOO) from ten varieties in Wudu, China, were analyzed as a function of maturity index and variety by multivariate analysis models. Most of the analytical parameters were significantly affected by the variety and maturity index, and the former was more influential than the latter. Phenolics were the principal factor dividing the ten varieties into four groups. High phenolic levels were observed in the 'Koroneiki' group and 'Manzanilla' group, but the oil extractability index differentiated between them, being the highest and lowest, respectively. The 'Koroneiki' group demonstrated high oil productivity and oil quality, which was worthy of promotion in large-scale cultivation. High amounts of linoleic enhanced the VOO health benefits of 'Ascolana tenera, Arbequina and Zhongshan24' group, but brought the risk of shortening the shelf-life. The 'Ulliri Bardhe, Empeltre, Ezhi8, Yuntai14 and Picual' group clustered for the higher relative value of oleic acid. The maturity index had significant negative effects on the content of total phenolics, oleacein, oleocanthal, and oleic acid, but had a positive effect on the extractability index, which suggested that varieties with low phenolics and oleic acid levels should be harvested early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an enhanced activity and stability method for immobilizing porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was developed based on ZIF-8 encapsulated supramolecular-modified gold nanoparticle complexes (pSC4-AuNPs@ZIF-8). Supramolecular calix[4]arene (pSC4) can recognize the amino group of PPL through non-covalent force, and this flexible binding method protected the structure of PPL during the immobilization process. Due to the hydrophilic of pSC4-AuNPs and hydrophobic of ZIF-8, PPL can maintain a "lid open" conformation, which can enhance the stability of PPL structure and reduce PPL activity loss. ZIF-8 was used to immobilize PPL to avoid the difficult recovery of free PPL. Compared with the native form of PPL, it exhibited 70.6% maintained activity with terrific pH and temperature stability, and had good performance in thermal stability, time stability, and reusability. In addition, three immobilized PPL methods were designed to further clarify the influence of synthetic methods and additives on the activity and stability of PPL. Importantly, the loading rate of pSC4-AuNPs@ZIF-8@PPL was up to 51.2% among these immobilized PPL systems. Therefore, pSC4-AuNPs@ZIF-8 may serve as a versatile and promising immobilization system for enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile synthetic strategy is devised to construct raspberry like gold nanoparticles (RbNPs) formed by gold nanoclusters wrapped around β‐cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles (CD‐AuNPs@AuNCs). An efficient and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of Cr(VI) has been developed based on RbNPs. The sensing platform exhibits an excellent wide linear range (100 pg mL−1 to 10 μg mL−1), extremely low detection limit (40.91 fg mL−1 i. e. 0.79 pM), which may pave a new way to fabricate other ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors based on the designed RbNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on multibeam bathymetric data and high-resolution shallow sub-bottom profiles acquired during China's 10th Arctic Scientific Expedition Cruise in 2019, a sediment wave field was found on the western slope of the Chukchi Rise, in the Arctic Ocean. This sediment wave field developed on the lower slope with water depths of between 1200 m and 1800 m and stretched 15 km in the downslope direction. It comprised several parallel sediment waves, with wavelengths ranging from 700 m to 3400 m and wave heights from 12 m to 70 m. In the vertical direction, well-stratified deposits, tens of meters thick, were affected by sediment waves, which exhibit asymmetric waveforms and upslope migration trends. The morphological and seismostratigraphic characteristics of the sediment waves suggested their genesis as a result of the interaction between the bottom current and seafloor morphology, which was also supported by hydrographical data adjacent to the sediment wave field. It was infered that this bottom current was related to the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current, which many researchers suggest flows through the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semicoke (SC) is a kind of powder of industrial by-products that easily cause environmental pollution due to the presence of stable organic matter in clay minerals. In this work, a porous magnetic semicoke-based geopolymer (MSC-GP) was prepared using SC as the raw material. Then, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), a typical herbicide, was loaded into the porous MSC-GP and composited with sodium alginate (SA) using calcium as a crosslinking agent, which afforded MSC-GP/SA encapsulating MCPA (MCPA@MSC-GP/SA). The structure and micromorphology of SC, SC-GP and MCPA@MSC-GP/SA were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TG-DTG, SEM and EDS. After measuring the swelling behavior in water and saline solutions, the water retention capacity, pH effect, degradation efficiency, site-specific targeted release, recovery, slow-release behavior, and pot experiments of MCPA@MSC-GP/SA were assessed. This indicated that the water retention capacity of soils was improved by the addition of MCPA@MSC-GP/SA. The release rate of the herbicide in MCPA@MSC-GP/SA was 65.2% in 90 days, which indicated that MCPA@MSC-GP/SA possessed a higher utilization efficiency and control of weeds compared to traditional herbicide. In summary, this study opens up a new avenue for improving the utilization efficiency of SC and prolonging the duration of herbicide action, which may have potential applications in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline antibiotic residues have attracted worldwide attention due to the serious damage to human health and the environment. However, most of the reported fluorescent probes were based on a single fluorescence channel-based response, which often suffered from signal fluctuation-induced poor reproducibility. Herein, by taking advantage of the unique properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a novel europium-doped ZIF nanocomposite (ZIF-Eu) was reported for the detection of doxycycline (DOX) in a ratiometric fluorescence manner. The synthesized probe only showed blue fluorescence at 420 nm since the fluorescence of Eu was quenched by the coordinated water molecules. However, due to the strong coordination ability of DOX to Eu atoms, the probe solution demonstrated an obvious fluorescence enhancement at 615 nm in the presence of DOX, while the blue fluorescence signal remained unchanged, realizing a ratiometric fluorescence response to DOX with a good linear range from 1 to 9 μM and a detection limit of 49 nM. Interestingly, it is found that DOX could be discriminated from other tetracycline antibiotics using this ratiometric fluorescent probe. In addition, direct detection of DOX in soil samples, the DOX removal efficiency and the reusability of the proposed ZIF-Eu nanocomposite were demonstrated to evaluate its potential in environmental remediation application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional (3D) shallow cross-bending composite material has many advantages in thickness and in-plane direction, such as high strength, high modulus, inter-layer shear strength, as well as large-area area bearing, energy absorption, etc., which has great application potential in the field of bulletproof armor. To prepare a protective material with both excellent bending performance and good ballistic performance, the effects of weft density and layering method on the bending performance and ballistic performance of three-dimensional ply-to-ply angle interlock (3DPPAI) Kevlar/EP armor materials were studied. The results showed that when the weft density of the material was 33 pieces/cm, its bending performance and ballistic resistance were the best. The 3DPPAI Kevlar/EP armor material prepared by orthogonal layup had more advantages in bending performance, and the unidirectional layup had better anti-ballistic performance. The research results will lay the foundation for structural optimization and engineering applications of such materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Bering Sea slope, ocean eddies are essential physical processes that carry nutrients to the shelf. The development of the satellite altimeter has facilitated the observation of oceanic eddies. Attention networks are used as the core algorithm for eddy detection to suppress feature responses in irrelevant non-eddy areas, which can address the issue of sample imbalance in high-latitude ocean eddies. Furthermore, data from both the sea surface height (SSH) and geostrophic velocity were employed as model inputs to integrate more eddy-related properties. The results of ocean eddy detection using this method and the dataset allowed more eddies to be detected than with traditional vector geometry-based methods and only SSH-based models. This study also incorporated the results of multiple deep learning models to increase both the overall and single-day eddy detection efficiency. As a result, the algorithms in this paper show that attention networks and geostrophic velocity data are both appropriate for high-latitude ocean eddy identification. This makes a contribution to the further application of deep learning methods to satellite altimetry data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid spread of next-generation vehicles (NGVs), China, Japan, and South Korea (CJK) have been leading the development of vehicle batteries. As development strategies and policy trends of NGVs battery are changing in CJK, the competition among battery manufacturers is expected to become more intense in the future. However, there are few international comparative studies on the development policy, production, and sales of NGV batteries in CJK. Based on the review and investigation of the technical development, policy trends, and the world market share of vehicle batteries in CJK, this study spots trends in the features of development strategies and policies of NGV batteries in CJK, and further inspects the interrelationships in these three countries comprehensively. The result shows that CJK have different focuses on the development of NGVs battery technology and policymaking. It is predicted that in the future competition of the vehicle battery market, Japan is likely to be far surpassed by China and South Korea. Based on grasping the development strategies and policy trends of vehicle batteries in CJK, this study plays an important role in the academic research and policymaking of the production, sales, regeneration, and resource recycling of the NGVs and vehicle batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self-assembled nanozyme of iron porphyrin mediated supramolecular modified gold nanoparticles (FpA) was fabricated to determine nitrated alpha-synuclein as the Tyr 39 residue (nT39 α-Syn) of a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mechanically, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the mass effect caused by catalytic deposition of the nanozyme contributed to a cascade signal amplification strategy. The sensor allowed a signal amplification and selective nT39 α-Syn bioanalysis with a 1.34-fold enhancement by cascade amplified SPR signal and double specific recognition. The detection limit was 1.78 ng/mL in the detection range of 7–240 ng/mL. Benefiting from the excellent immunosensor, this method can distinguish healthy people and PD patients using actual samples. Overall, this strategy provides a nanozyme-based biosensing platform for the early diagnosis of PD and can be applied to detect other protein biomarkers, such as PD-L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The human gut is home to a largely underexplored microbiome component, the archaeome. Little is known of the impact of geography, urbanization, ethnicity, and diet on the gut archaeome in association with host health. We aim to delineate the variation of the human gut archaeome in healthy individuals and its association with environmental factors and host homeostasis. Methods: Using metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the fecal archaeomes of 792 healthy adult subjects from 5 regions in China, spanning 6 ethnicities (Han, Zang, Miao, Bai, Dai, and Hani), consisting of both urban and rural residents for each ethnicity. In addition, we sampled 119 host variables (including lifestyle, diet, and blood parameters) and interrogated the influences of those factors, individually and combined, on gut archaeome variations. Results: Population geography had the strongest impact on the gut archaeome composition, followed by urbanization, dietary habit, and ethnicity. Overall, the metadata had a cumulative effect size of 11.0% on gut archaeome variation. Urbanization decreased both the α-diversity (intrinsic microbial diversity) and the β-diversity (inter-individual dissimilarities) of the gut archaeome, and the archaea-to-bacteria ratios in feces, whereas rural residents were enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii in feces. Consumption of buttered milk tea (a characteristic diet of the rural Zang population) was associated with increased abundance of M. smithii. M. smithii was at the central hub of archaeal-bacterial interactions in the gut microecology, where it was positively correlated with the abundances of a multitude of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (including Roseburia faecis, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Prevotella copri). Moreover, a decreased abundance of M. smithii was associated with increased human blood levels of cholinesterase in the urban population, coinciding with the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (such as dementia) during urbanization. Conclusions: Our data highlight marked contributions of environmental and host factors (geography, urbanization, ethnicity, and habitual diets) to gut archaeome variations across healthy individuals, and underscore the impact of urbanization on the gut archaeome in association with host health in modern society. 9yaJdkdEa-5mUMCy6cP422 Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]