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The Lower Ganchaigou Formation of Eocene in Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin is mixed sediments in saline lacustrine basin. It consists of lacustrine carbonate, detrital material and mud, and all the rocks contain many salt minerals. Based on core observation, physical property analysis, capillary pressure test, imaging logging and field emission scanning electron microscopy data, the mixed sediments contain double-porosity system. One is fracture and salt mineral dissolution pore with big pore radius, another one is crack between the salt and dolomite intergranular pore with small pore radius. The two types of pores build the "narrow lower-wide higher double-platform" structure on the capillary pressure curves. On the whole, the physical property of the rock is very poor with the characteristics of "low porosity-ultra low permeability". The pores and throats of the rock are generally fine. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the element composition of dolomite has the geochemical characteristics of "high contents of silicon and aluminum content, and low contents of iron and manganese". The average mass fractions of FeO and MnO in the dolomicrite are 1.322% and 0.060%, which are obviously lower than that of Fe and Mn in the hydrothermal dolomite. It is considered that the dolomicrite has a penecontemporaneous metasomatic formation mechanism. A large number of shrinkage intergranular pores are produced during the dolomitization process. This kind of matrix pore as the storage space is an important support factor of sustained and stable production of oil and gas in Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anti-HIV-1 activity of mangiferin was evaluated. Mangiferin can inhibit HIV-1 B induced syncytium formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) at 16.90 μM and a therapeutic index (TI) above 140. Mangiferin also showed good activities in other laboratory-derived strains, clinically isolated strains and resistant HIV-1 strains. Mechanism studies revealed that mangiferin might inhibit the HIV-1 protease, but is still effective against HIV peptidic protease inhibitor resistant strains. A combination of docking and pharmacophore methods clarified possible binding modes of mangiferin in the HIV-1 protease. The pharmacophore model of mangiferin consists of two hydrogen bond donors and two hydrogen bond acceptors. Compared to pharmacophore features found in commercially available drugs, three pharmacophoric elements matched well and one novel pharmacophore element was observed. Moreover, molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the pharmacophoric elements play important roles in binding HIV-1 protease. Mangiferin is a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor with an original structure that represents an effective drug development strategy for combating drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the inhibition assay of HIV-1 induced cytopathogenicity on MT-4 cells for calycosin 7-0-β-D-glucopyranoside. It explores cytotoxicity assay and syncytium reduction assay on C8166 cells. According to the article, Astragalus membranaceus underwent phytochemical investigation, leading to the isolation and characterization of calycosin 7-0-β-D-glucopyranoside.

Two new secoiridoid glycosides, tripterospermumcin A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Tripterospermum chinense (Migo) H. Smith, along with three known compounds, secologanin, secologanol, and sweroside. Their structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, MS, and extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses, as well as by literature comparison of spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance liquid chromatography method with solid-phase extraction is introduced for the determination of geniposide in rat urine after oral administration of Yin-Zhi-Ku decoction. Geniposide and an internal standard (paeoniflorin) are extracted from urine using Strata cartridges. Analysis of the extract is then performed on a reversed-phase C18 column using acetonitrile–water (14:86, v/v) as eluting solvent system. UV detection is set at 238 nm. The calibration curve for geniposide is linear (r = 0.9996) in the concentration range of 2.0–240 µg/mL. Both intra- and interday precision of the geniposide are determined, and their relative standard deviation does not exceed 10%. The validated method is successfully applied to determine geniposide from rat urine after oral administration of Yin-Zhi-Ku decoction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Feitai, a Chinese medicine formulation, has been shown to protect against lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM). In the present study, we investigated the effect of Feitai on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which play important roles in the pathogenesis of BLM-induced lung fibrosis. 2. The results demonstrated that Feitai could significantly attenuate BLM-induced acute lung inflammation and subsequent lung fibrosis. Meanwhile, the expression of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA in the lungs increased in the BLM-treated group compared with the saline-instilled control group and Feitai treatment significantly decreased cytokine expression in BLM-treated mice. In addition, Feitai diminished the accumulation of MCP-1- and TGF-β1-positive cells in lung tissues at the time of peak mRNA levels. 3. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that treatment with Feitai ameliorates BLM-induced lung fibrosis, at least in part via the inhibition of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]