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Purpose: To assess the effect of ocular media opacity on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized clinical study, ocular examinations and OCT measurements were performed on 77 cataract patients, 80 laser refractive surgery patients and 90 patients whose signal strength on OCT was different on two consecutive measurements. None of the eyes had preexisting retinal or optic nerve pathology, including glaucoma. Cataracts were classified according to the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III). All eyes were scanned with the Stratus OCT using the Fast RNFL program before and three months after surgery. Internal fixation was used during scanning and all eyes underwent circular scans around the optic disc with a diameter of 3.4 mm. Results: Average RNFL thickness, quadrant thickness and signal strength significantly increased after cataract surgery (P<0.05). Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts, but not nuclear cataracts, had a significant influence on RNFL thickness measurements (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between OCT parameters before and after laser refractive surgery. In eyes for which different signal strengths were observed, significantly larger RNFL thickness values were obtained on scans with higher signal strengths. Conclusion: OCT parameters are affected by ocular media opacity because of changes in signal strength; cortical cataracts have the most significant effect followed by posterior subcapsular opacities. Laser refractive procedures do not seem to affect OCT parameters significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To report ultramicrostructures of anterior capsule of sunflower cataract by the transmission electron microscopic study (TEM) Methods A 37‐year‐old male with liver cirrhosis was referred to department of ophthalmology due to visual disturbance. She has bilateral sunflower cataract & Kayer‐Fleischer ring. Her right eye underwent phacoemulsification with a CCC and intraocular lens implantation. 1. Anterior capsule preparation for transmission electron microscopic examination(TEM) 2. Cross section image by energy filtered TEM 3. Elemental analysis : High‐angle annular dark‐field(HAADF) scanning TEM (STEM) with energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX) Results TEM shows the multiple heterogeneous dense deposits in the anterior lens capsule. HAADF‐STEM shows bright particle deposits. EDAX shows high emission peaks for copper. Conclusion This is first report of TEM study for anterior capsule of sunflower cataract. We found the multiple heterogeneous dense deposits in the anterior lens capsule. And we confirmed that copper was a component of these particles using EDAX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To determine the retinal vascular caliber and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes without retinopathy. Digital fundus photographs of the right eye were selected for measurement. The caliber of all retinal vessels passing through an area 0.5 to 1 disc diameter around the optic disc was measured using automated computer software (Zeiss AV ratio). Seventy seven age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included in the study as a control. Results The mean AVR was 0.801 ± 0.068 in the diabetic patients compared to 0.762 ± 0.054 in the control group (P < 0.001). Higher AVR was significantly associated with increasing blood HbA1c levels (r2 = 0.106, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant correlation between AVR and body mass index (P = 0.478). Conclusion The rise in AVR seems to be an early feature of retinal vascular caliber in type 2 diabetes and correlates with an elevated blood HbA1c level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]