1. Continuous analysis of dye-loaded, single cells on a microfluidic chipElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00370k.
- Author
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K. Scott Phillips, Hsuan Hong Lai, Emily Johnson, Christopher E. Sims, and Nancy L. Allbritton
- Subjects
MICROFLUIDIC devices ,INTEGRATED circuits ,DYES & dyeing ,ELECTROPHORESIS ,SEPARATION (Technology) ,HYDRODYNAMICS ,CAVITATION ,BUBBLE dynamics ,LECITHIN - Abstract
Continuous analysis of two dyes loaded into single mammalian cells using laser-based lysis combined with electrophoretic separation was developed and characterized on microfluidic chips. The devices employed hydrodynamic flow to transport cells to a junction where they were mechanically lysed by a laser-generated cavitation bubble. An electric field then attracted the analyte into a separation channel while the membranous remnants passed through the intersection towards a waste reservoir. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-supported bilayer membrane coatings (SBMs) provided a weakly negatively charged surface and prevented cell fouling from interfering with device performance. Cell lysis using a picosecond-pulsed laser on-chip did not interfere with concurrent electrophoretic separations. The effect of device parameters on performance was evaluated. A ratio of 2 : 1 was found to be optimal for the focusing-channel : flow-channel width and 3 : 1 for the flow-channel : separation-channel width. Migration times decreased with increased electric field strengths up to 333 V cm−1, at which point the field strength was sufficient to move unlysed cells and cellular debris into the electrophoretic channel. The migration time and full width half-maximum (FWHM) of the peaks were independent of cell velocity for velocities between 0.03 and 0.3 mm s−1. Separation performance was independent of the exact lysis location when lysis was performed near the outlet of the focusing channel. The migration time for cell-derived fluorescein and fluorescein carboxylate was reproducible with <10% RSD. Automated cell detection and lysis were required to reduce peak FWHM variability to 30% RSD. A maximum throughput of 30 cells min−1was achieved. Device stability was demonstrated by analyzing 600 single cells over a 2 h time span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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