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Abstract??We examined genealogical relationships among six of seven species of crested-tailed mice (Habromys chinanteco, H. delicatulus, H. ixtlani, H. lepturus, H. lophurus,andH. simulatus) using DNA sequence data from the cytochrome-bgene. Gene trees based on maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony were largely congruent in thatH. lepturusandH. ixtlaniwere closely related and formed the sister group toH. lophurus. All analyses also arrangedH. chinantecoandH. simulatusas sister taxa. These results are concordant with the phenetic groupings of Carleton et?al. (2002) based on morphology. Our unweighted maximum parsimony trees did not resolve placement ofH. delicatulusrelative to other taxa. However, analyses using weighted maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference optimality criteria recovered a sister group relationship betweenH. delicatulusand the clade comprised of ((H. lepturus H. ixtlani)(H. lophurus)). This relationship differs from the overall phenetic similarity ofH. delicatuluswithH. simulatusandH. chinanteco,influenced by the small size of these three taxa, but is consistent with some derived features of the phallus (Carleton et?al., 2002). Based on our sequence data, a specimen from Michoac?n, M?xico, recently assigned toPeromyscus sagaxlikely was inadvertently misidentified (Tiemann-Boege et?al., 2000) and actually represents a new locality record forH. delicatulus. Finally, we comment on the conservation status of species ofHabromys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]