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The ~150‐km‐wide dextral Marlborough Fault System and adjacent Kaikōura Mountains accommodate oblique convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates at the NE end of the South Island, New Zealand. Low‐temperature thermochronology from this region places new limits on the timing and style of Marlborough faulting and mountain building. We sampled rocks for apatite and zircon (U‐Th/He) and apatite fission track dating from a range of elevations spanning ~2 km within the Kaikōura Ranges, which stand high above the active Marlborough dextral faults. The data reveal Miocene cooling localized to hanging wall rocks, first along the Clarence Fault in the Inland Kaikōura Range, then along the Jordan Thrust in the Seaward Kaikōura Range, followed by widespread, rapid cooling reflected in all samples across the study area starting at ~5 Ma. Our results suggest that topographic relief in this region predates the onset of dextral faulting and that portions of the Marlborough Faults were once thrust faults that coincided with the early development of the transpressive plate boundary. We relate Pliocene to present rapid exhumation across the field site, including at low‐elevation sample sites in Marlborough Fault foot walls, to seaward translation and overthrusting of crust atop the downgoing slab by dextral Marlborough Fault motion. Our results show that spatial and temporal patterns in exhumation reflect a complex and evolving deformation field in the Marlborough Fault System over the past ~25 million years of Kaikōura orogeny. Key Points: Patterns in exhumation from new low‐temperature thermochronology reflect Marlborough Fault deformation during the evolving Kaikōura orogenyMiocene exhumation limited to hanging walls indicates early thrust faulting and uplift, first in the Inland then in the Seaward Kaikōura RangeExhumation is rapid and widespread across the Marlborough Fault System after Pliocene onset of dextral faulting [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superfluid He-A in a fully characterized stretched aerogel, used in previous work by Pollanen et al., has been studied for parallel and perpendicular orientations of the magnetic field relative to the anisotropy axis of the aerogel. Consistently, we find that an equal spin pairing state (ESP) is stabilized down to the lowest temperature. From our pulsed NMR frequency shifts as a function of temperature and tip angle, the orientation of the orbital angular momentum $\hat{l}$ has been determined. The aerogel anisotropy introduced by uniaxial stretching tends to align $\hat{l}$ in the axial state parallel to the strain axis, consistent with the theory proposed by Sauls and contrary to Volovik's prediction based on an impurity calculation of Rainer and Vuorio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established theoretically that an ordered state with continuous symmetry is inherently unstable to arbitrarily small amounts of disorder. This principle is of central importance in a wide variety of condensed systems including superconducting vortices, Ising spin models and their dynamics, and liquid crystals in porous media, where some degree of disorder is ubiquitous, although its experimental observation has been elusive. On the basis of these ideas, it was predicted that 3He in high-porosity aerogel would become a superfluid glass. We report here our nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on 3He in aerogel demonstrating destruction of long-range orientational order of the intrinsic superfluid orbital angular momentum, confirming the existence of a superfluid glass. In contrast, 3He-A generated by warming from superfluid 3He-B has perfect long-range orientational order providing a mechanism for switching offthis effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have performed optical birefringence measurements on isotropic aerogel samples grown with varying amounts of ammonia catalyst to determine the relationship between stress, strain, and transmitted light intensity, focusing on the regime of relatively small axial strain. We find that our samples exhibit a delayed onset of birefringence at ∼3 % strain, beyond which the transmitted intensity increases linearly, with a faster rate of increase for samples prepared with larger catalyst concentrations. We have also calculated the sound velocity from the slope of the stress-strain curve, and found an approximately linear increase with catalyst solution pH for samples of similar density. Samples of similar density also appear to exhibit a universal relationship between applied stress and transmitted intensity. We are not able to identify the mechanism for this unique behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the acoustic Faraday effect in superfluid He up to significantly larger magnetic fields than in previous experiments achieving rotations of the polarization of transverse sound as large as 1710°. We report nonlinear field effects, and use the linear results to determine the Zeeman splitting of the imaginary squashing mode (ISQ) frequency in He- B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rich variety of Fermi systems condense by forming bound pairs, including high-temperature and heavy-fermion superconductors, Sr2RuO4 (ref. ), cold atomic gases and superfluid 3He (ref. ). Some of these form exotic quantum states with non-zero orbital angular momentum. We have discovered, in the case of 3He, that anisotropic disorder, engineered from highly porous silica aerogel, stabilizes a chiral superfluid state that otherwise would not exist. Furthermore, we find that the chiral axis of this state can be uniquely oriented with the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the aerogel anisotropy axis. At sufficiently low temperature we observe a sharp transition from a uniformly oriented chiral state to a disordered structure consistent with locally ordered domains, contrary to expectations for a superfluid glass phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field monitoring was conducted in office buildings in Seattle and Dallas to assess the effectiveness of various workplace smoking configurations in controlling non-smokers exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Simultaneous measurements of vapour-phase and particle-phase tracers of ETS were conducted in adjacent smoking and non-smoking areas. Pressure relationships between smoking and non-smoking areaswere determined. The Seattle portion of the study focused on the direct infiltration of ETS from smoking to non-smoking areas, as minimalrecirculation of return air was occurring. Negative pressurisation of smoking areas eliminated the direct migration of ETS. Tracers of ETS exposure were not detected in non-smoking areas adjacent to negatively pressurised smoking lounges. In the Dallas study buildings, the impact of recirculation of ETS through the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems was assessed. Vapour-phase ETS constituents were recirculated into non-smoking areas at diluted concentrations. However, elevated particle-phase constituents were not found in non-smoking areas. The overall results indicate that non-smokers exposure to ETS can be effectively reduced in the office workplace without regulations or policies that require either direct exhaust of air from smoking areas to the outdoors by dedicated ventilation systems or total prohibition of smoking within buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]