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Background: Corneal degeneration is a form of progressive cell death caused by multiple factors, such as diabetic retinopathy. It is the most well-known neural degenerative disease caused by macular degeneration in the aged and those with retinitis pigmentosa. Myocardial infarction is becoming a more common burden, causing cardiomyocyte degeneration, ischemia, and heart tissue death. This study examined the preventive effects of rutin on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced oxidative damage (that is, inflammation) on rabbit corneal epithelial cells and mouse heart injuries. Methods: These investigations involved a cytotoxicity test, biochemical analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and mouse cardiac histopathology. Results: The results showed that rutin enhanced ADH7 and ALDH1A1, retinoic acid signaling components in SIRC1 rabbit corneal cell lines. The production of NO by ocular epithelial cells was significantly reduced. It reduced cTnT and cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH contents in mouse cardiac tissue. The nuclear expressions of Nrf2, Sirt, and HO-1 were all increased by rutin. Docking studies revealed a good interaction between rutin and the Keap protein, enhancing Nrf2 nuclear activity. Conclusions: This showed that rutin can potentially enhance ADH7 and ALDH1A1 corneal signaling components, preventing corneal degeneration and mitigating ISO-induced myocardial infarction (MI) via Keap/Nrf2 expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ocular emergencies require immediate intervention to prevent rapid vision loss or functional impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of true ocular emergencies among patients who presented to the general emergency department with ocular complaints and were referred to the Eye Clinic. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, patients aged 0–100 years who presented to the general emergency department with ocular complaints between January and December 2022 were included. Inconclusive diagnoses and incomplete records were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups: top eye emergencies (TE), relative eye emergencies (REE), and non-emergency eyes (NEE). Results: Among the 652,224 individuals seeking care, 9,982 (1.5%) were referred to the Eye Emergency Clinic. Of these, 2,788 (27.9%) were female, and 7,194 (72.1%) were male, with ages ranging from 0 to 98 years. TopEye Emergencies (TEE), Relative Eye Emergencies (REE), and Non-Eye Emergencies (NEE) accounted for 13%, 60%, and 27% of the cases, respectively. Common top-eye emergencies (TEE) include chemical injuries, orbital-preseptal cellulitis, and orbital fractures. Relative eye emergencies (REEs) commonly feature corneal foreign bodies, corneal erosion, and conjunctivitis. Nonemulsion eye (NEE) methods involve simple eye redness, trauma without eye involvement, and subconjunctival haemorrhage. Conclusions: Consistent with the literature, 1.5% of patients presenting to the general emergency department had eye complaints.However, 27% of those referred to the ophthalmological clinic did not have an urgent eye condition. This is partly due to the high proportion of patients presenting to the emergency department with ocular complaints and the lack of knowledge of ophthalmological diseases by emergency physicians, leading to unnecessary referrals to the ophthalmology clinic, resulting in a loss of the workforce and reduced time allocated to patients with true ocular emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Anaesthesiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To identify the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy (EK) among critically ill patients. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Weipu Database (VIP) and WanFang Database were systematically searched from inception to June 2022. Observational studies that reported EK among paediatric and adult critically ill patients were screened and included original articles based on the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and quality assessments. Subgroup analysis investigated potential causes of heterogeneity. Results: Of the 4508 studies identified, 23 studies involving 3519 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of EK was 34.0%, and the pooled incidence rate of EK was 23.0%. Risk factors associated with EK in critically ill patients included lagophthalmos, chemosis, eye blinks <5 times per minute, mechanical ventilation, sedation, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. Conclusion: This review shows that EK rates are high in critically ill patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to EK in critically ill patients, conduct professional evaluations and implement targeted eye care protocols to reduce its occurrence. Implications for Practice: This study shows the frequency of and multiple risk factors for EK in critically ill patients, which provides evidence‐based guidance for nurses to evaluate the risk of EK in critically ill patients and take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk. Protocol Registration: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) (CRD42022346964). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Corneal Abrasion (CA) is the most common ophthalmic complication that occurs after General Anaesthesia (GA) in non ocular surgeries. GA results in reduced basal tear volume, loss of light reflex, and lack of pain perception, resulting in corneal drying. This makes the cornea susceptible to abrasion and keratitis. Research suggests that preventing corneal mechanical exposure and providing artificial tears can help mitigate these risks. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of eye taping with and without Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) drops in preventing perioperative CA. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Justice Hegde KS Charitable Hospital in Mangaluru, India, from June 2021 to November 2021. A total of 122 patients who underwent GA for non ocular surgeries lasting more than 45 minutes were grouped into group T or group D, depending on whether their eyes were only taped during GA (T) using hypoallergenic adhesive tape or had HPMC drops instilled in their eyes along with tape (D). Participants were evaluated 2 and 12 hours after the end of GA in the postanaesthesia care unit using a questionnaire to assess eye symptoms. Conjunctival hyperaemia and chemosis were evaluated using scoring systems. Other parameters noted included age, gender distribution, type, and duration of surgery. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test/likelihood ratio was performed to assess the association between the eye protection method used and postsurgical outcomes. Results: Out of the 122 patients who received either of the two eye protection methods under GA, 68 (55.7%) were females and 54 (44.3%) were males. A total of 85 (69.6%) were between the ages of 20-60 years, while 29 (23.8%) were above the age of 60 years. There was no statistically significant association found between the age or gender of the patients and the eye protection method used. No statistically significant difference was noted between the duration, type of surgeries, and the eye protection method used in this study. There was no statistical significance (p-value >0.05) noted with respect to the conjunctival hyperaemia and chemosis scoring in the two groups. However, 15 (24.6%) patients in group D were found to have adhesive lids two hours postsurgery. There was an association (p-value <0.05) between the occurrence of adhesive lids at two hours postsurgery and the eye protection method used. Conclusion: Eye protection is mandatory in all non ophthalmic cases under GA. Both eyelid taping alone and eyelid taping with HPMC drops are equally effective in preventing perioperative ocular injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways counteracted various occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, vascular, and multiorgan failure, and blood pressure disturbances in rats with permanent major vessel occlusion and similar procedures disabling endothelium function. Thereby, we revealed BPC 157 cytoprotective therapy with strong vascular rescuing capabilities in glaucoma therapy. With these capabilities, BPC 157 therapy can recover glaucomatous rats, normalize intraocular pressure, maintain retinal integrity, recover pupil function, recover retinal ischemia, and corneal injuries (i.e., maintained transparency after complete corneal abrasion, corneal ulceration, and counteracted dry eye after lacrimal gland removal or corneal insensitivity). The most important point is that in glaucomatous rats (three of four episcleral veins cauterized) with high intraocular pressure, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure. BPC 157-treated rats exhibited normal pupil diameter, microscopically well-preserved ganglion cells and optic nerve presentation, normal fundus presentation, nor- mal retinal and choroidal blood vessel presentation, and normal optic nerve presentation. The one episcleral vein rapidly upgraded to accomplish all functions in glaucomatous rats may correspond with occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes of the activated rescuing collateral pathway (azygos vein direct blood flow delivery). Normalized intraocular pressure in glaucomatous rats corresponded to the counteracted intra-cranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension in occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, were all attenuated/eliminated by BPC 157 therapy. Furthermore, given in other eye disturbances (i.e., retinal ischemia), BPC 157 instantly breaks a noxious chain of events, both at an early stage and an already advanced stage. Thus, we further advocate BPC 157 as a therapeutic agent in ocular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the incidence of corneal injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and associate the main risk factors with the occurrence of corneal injury in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, in which 40 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit were included, from December 2019 to February 2020. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential, using statistical tests and effect measures. Results: The sample consisted of 40 patients. Corneal injury developed in 20% (n=8) of participants and is significantly associated with the following factors: length of stay from two to seven days (70%; n=28), Glasgow < 13 (50%; n= 7), use of sedatives (33.3%; n=8), use of bronchodilators (36.8%; n=7), use of tracheostomy (TCT) (50%; n=6) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (58.3%; n=7), blinking less than five times (61.5%; n=8), partial eyelid closure (38.9%; n=7), hyperemia (34.8%; n=8), eyelid edema (41.2%; n=7), conjunctival edema (50%; n=7) and dryness (50%; n=5). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit are exposed to several risk factors for developing corneal injury, with emphasis on mechanical ventilation and Glasgow less than 13, requiring the implementation of prophylactic measures for corneal injury, through the control and mitigation of risk factors and patient exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case series reviewed medical records of eight patients who underwent autologous simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) for total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) secondary to chemical injury (n=5), thermal injury (n=2), or autoimmune disorder (n=1) between 2016 and 2019 at the Caritas Medical Centre. The mean time from injury to SLET was 67 months (range, 3 weeks to 30 years). The mean time to re-epithelialization was 20 (range, 13-42) days. The follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 6 years. At the 1-year follow-up, the success rate of SLET was 37.5%, and visual gain among the three successful cases ranged from <1 line to >6 lines. Patients with Dua grade V or VI chemical injury and patients with systemic causes of LSCD had poorer prognosis, as did those with cicatricial lid changes, anterior segment necrosis, glaucoma, sterile cornea ulceration, superimposed infections, or tobacco usage. SLET should be a reconstructive procedure for chronic LSCD rather than for acute injury or inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at risk of eye disorders such as Exposure keratopathy (EK) due to impaired blinking and incomplete eye closure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive blinking exercise (PBE) on EK among patients in ICUs. Materials and Methods: This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 2017. The study participants included 51 patients purposively recruited from the three ICUs of Valiasr Teaching Hospital, Arak, Iran. Through coin tossing, one eye of each participant was randomly allocated to the intervention group and the other to the control group. The eye in the control group received routine eye care, whereas the eye in the intervention group received routine eye care and PBE for a week. EK prevalence and severity were assessed daily for 7 consecutive days using fluorescein eye staining papers and an ophthalmoscope with a cobalt blue filter. Results: The study groups did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the baseline prevalence and severity of EK. After the intervention, the prevalence of EK (χ² = 13.44, df = 1, p < 0.001) and the prevalence of grade II EK (χ² = 8.33, df = 1, p = 0.003) in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusions: PBE is effective in significantly reducing EK prevalence and severity among patients in ICUs. Therefore, critical care nurses are recommended to use PBE for EK prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Surgery & Clinical Research is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To find the frequency and characteristics of ocular trauma in a tertiary care hospital in Lodhran. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Sampling Technique: Convenient non-probability sampling. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital affiliated with Shahida Islam Medical College, Lodhran from December 2016 to September 2018. Material and Methods: Detailed history and ocular examination were performed with regard to age, gender, classification of ocular trauma, aetiology of trauma, place where trauma occurred, note of ocular damage, nature of object, activity at the time of injury, presenting visual acuity and time lapse before presentation to hospital after trauma were recorded. Results: There were 393 patients included in this study. Mean age of patients was 28.97 ± 12.59 years. There were 198 (50.4%) closed globe and 195 (49.6%) open globe injuries. In 53 (13.5%) cases injury was caused by metal object. In 132 (33.6%) cases injury was classified as contusion. In 146 (37.2%) cases cornea was involved. There were 95 (24.2%) cases that occurred in home. In 156 (39.7%) cases presenting visual acuity was less than 6/60. There were 272 (69.2%) males and 121 (30.8%) females. There were 342 (87.0%) patients who presented within 1 day after trauma. In 122 (31.0%) cases there was prolapse of ocular contents. Conclusion: Ocular trauma occurred more commonly in males. It was blunt and occurred in home setting in most of the times. Most of the eye injuries aetiological agent was metal and wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure keratopathy (EK) has a high incidence in critically ill patients. We aimed to determine the rate of EK in patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU), identify risk factors for developing EK and ascertain the effectiveness of a protocol to prevent EK.Methods: We undertook a two-phase prospective cohort single-centre study in a general adult ICU. The first phase of the study was observational. In the second phase of the study an eye care protocol was introduced. Daily ophthalmic assessment was carried out using a portable slit lamp. We also recorded Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, mechanical ventilation, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, and level of eye care. Student's t test and χ 2 statistics were used for simple analysis of continuous data and categorical data, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between EK (yes/no), as the dependent variable, and multiple independent variables, calculating unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.Results: We studied 371 patients. In the first phase, the overall rate of EK was 21% but the rate in mechanically ventilated patients was 56%; χ 2 (1, N = 257) = 80.8, p < 0.001. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for development of EK were 28.6 (8.19-43.37), 13.0 (3.16-54.38) and 1.2 (1.03-1.33) with incomplete eye closure, mechanical ventilation, and higher SOFA score, respectively. Following the introduction of the protocol in the second phase, the overall rate of EK reduced to 2.6% (three cases); χ 2 (1, N = 371) = 18.6, p < 0.001. Compliance with the protocol was 97%.Conclusions: EK is common in critically ill patients, and is associated with mechanical ventilation and incomplete eye closure. A simple protocol substantially reduces the incidence of EK and is easily achieved in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Corneal abrasions (CAs) are the most prevalent ocular injuries in the perioperative period. Previously, patients at our community hospital would wait for an ophthalmologist to be available to manage these minor injuries. To decrease this waiting period - and thereby increase patient satisfaction - we developed an anesthesiology-based protocol to manage minor CAs arising in the recovery room. The current study sought to assess this protocol's efficacy as well as further establish the incidence and some risk factors of CA. Methods: This was a hospital-based, observational study. As per protocol, anesthesiologists saw and diagnosed any patient exhibiting symptoms of CA, after which they initiated a preestablished treatment regimen. To examine the efficacy of this protocol between March 2007 and December 2011, the number of CAs anesthesiologists managed and time to treatment were recorded. Additionally, the frequency of CAs was established along with some of their risk factors. Results: Throughout the study period, there were 91,064 surgical cases, with 118 CAs (0.13% incidence). Anesthesiology alone managed 110 (93.22%) of these cases. The median time between the end of anesthesia to the time of prescribed ophthalmic medication was 156 minutes (first-third interquartile range: 108-219). All patients experienced resolution of symptoms by the morning following their complaint. Compared to the general surgical population, CA patients were older (P,0.01) and underwent longer surgeries (P,0.01). Conclusion: Minor CAs can be safely and effectively managed using an anesthesiology-based approach. Advanced age and longer surgery are confirmed as risk factors for these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]