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Obesity has been linked to the development of osteoarthritis meaning that a large portion of arthroplasty patients are overweight or obese. Whilst the short-term complications associated with obesity are well described there is a paucity of evidence on the effect of weight compared to BMI for long term functional outcomes of total hip replacements (THR). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of BMI and weight on long-term patient reported outcome measures following primary THR. 846 patients who underwent primary THR at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 2000 and 2009 had a pre-operative height and weight recorded. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were completed at 1, 5 and greater than 10 years follow-up. Categorical comparison of PROMs was performed for patients in weight categories of 0–65 kg, 65–80 kg, 80–95 kg, 95–110 kg and >110 kg; and BMI categories as per the WHO Classifications. There was no difference in absolute or change in PROMs for any weight category. BMI did not have an effect on the change in (HHS), however there was a statistically significant decrease in absolute (HHS) values at 1 and 5 years with increasing obesity. 65 patients underwent revision within the first ten years. The results from this study confirm for the first time that there was no impact of weight or BMI on the change in long-term PROMs of THR. There remains a need for larger registry studies to investigate the effect of weight and BMI on long-term patient outcomes and revision rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a complex surgical procedure with a substantial learning curve. Although larger hospital and surgeon procedure volumes have recently been associated with a lower risk of complications, in geographically isolated regions, some complex operations such as PAO will inevitably be performed in low volume. A continuous structured program of distant mentoring may offer benefits when low numbers of PAOs are undertaken, but this has not been tested. We sought to examine a structured, distant-mentorship program of a low-volume surgeon in a geographically remote setting.Questions/purposes: The purposes of this study were (1) to identify the clinical results of PAO performed in a remote-mentorship program, as determined by patient-reported outcome measures and complications of the surgery; (2) to determine radiographic results, specifically postoperative angular corrections, hip congruity, and progression of osteoarthritis; and (3) to determine worst-case analysis of PAO survivorship, defined as nonconversion to THA, in a regionally isolated cohort of patients with a high rate of followup.Methods: Between August 1992 and August 2016, 85 PAOs were undertaken in 72 patients under a structured, distant-mentorship program. The patients were followed for a median of 5 years (range, 2-25 years). There were 18 males (21 hips) and 54 females (64 hips). The median age of the patients at the time of surgery was 26 years (range, 14-45 years). One patient was lost to followup (two PAOs) and one patient died as a result of an unrelated event. Patient-reported outcome measures and complications were collected through completion of patient and doctor questionnaires and clinical examination. Radiographic assessment of angular correction, joint congruity, and osteoarthritis was undertaken using standard radiology software. PAO survivorship was defined as nonconversion to THA and is presented using worst-case analysis. The loss-to-followup quotient-number of patients lost to followup divided by the number of a patients converted to THA-was calculated to determine quality of followup and reliability of survivorship data.Results: The median preoperative Harris hip scores of 58 (range, 20-96) improved postoperatively to 78 (range, 33-100), 86 (range, 44-100), 87 (range, 55-97), and 80 (range, 41-97) at 1, 5, 10, and 14 years, respectively. Sink Grade III complications at 12 months included four relating to the PAO and one relating to the concomitant femoral procedure. The median lateral center-edge angle correction achieved was 22° (range, 3°-50°) and the median correction of acetabular index was 19° (range, 3°-37°). Osteoarthritis progressed from a preoperative mean Tönnis grade of 0.6 (median, 1; range, 0-2) to a postoperative mean of 0.9 (median, 1; range, 0-3). Six hips underwent conversion to THA: five for progression of osteoarthritis and one for impingement. At 12-year followup, survivorship of PAO was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85%-98%) and survivorship with worst-case analysis was 90% (95% CI, 79%-96%). The loss-to-followup quotient for this study was low, calculated to be 0.3.Conclusions: When PAO is performed using a structured process of mentoring under the guidance of an expert, one low-volume surgeon in a geographically isolated region achieved good patient-reported outcomes, a low incidence of complications at 12 months, satisfactory radiographic outcomes, and high survivorship. A structured distant-mentorship program may be a suitable method for initially learning and continuing to perform low-volume complex surgery in a geographically isolated region.Level Of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Paprosky acetabular defect classification is widely used but has not been appropriately validated. Reliability of the Paprosky system has not been evaluated in combination with standardized techniques of measurement and scoring. Questions/purposes: This study evaluated the reliability, teachability, and validity of the Paprosky acetabular defect classification. Methods: Preoperative radiographs from a random sample of 83 patients undergoing 85 acetabular revisions were classified by four observers, and their classifications were compared with quantitative intraoperative measurements. Teachability of the classification scheme was tested by dividing the four observers into two groups. The observers in Group 1 underwent three teaching sessions; those in Group 2 underwent one session and the influence of teaching on the accuracy of their classifications was ascertained. Results: Radiographic evaluation showed statistically significant relationships with intraoperative measurements of anterior, medial, and superior acetabular defect sizes. Interobserver reliability improved substantially after teaching and did not improve without it. The weighted kappa coefficient went from 0.56 at Occasion 1 to 0.79 after three teaching sessions in Group 1 observers, and from 0.49 to 0.65 after one teaching session in Group 2 observers. Conclusions: The Paprosky system is valid and shows good reliability when combined with standardized definitions of radiographic landmarks and a structured analysis. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Techniques that ensure femoral bone preservation after primary THA are important in younger patients who are likely to undergo revision surgery. Questions/purposes: We examined femoral stem survival, bone deficiency at revision arthroplasty, and radiographic bone loss in hips implanted with a cemented polished double-taper stem in a cohort of patients younger than 55 years. Methods: We reviewed 197 hips (median patient age, 47 years; range, 16-54 years) after a minimum followup of 2 years (median, 7 years; range, 2-19 years) since primary THA. Clinically, we determined survival to major and minor stem revision and cases of bone deficiency requiring a long stem or impaction bone grafting or created by the need for femoral osteotomy at revision arthroplasty. Radiographically, we assessed stem loosening, femoral osteolysis, and femoral bone deficiency. Results: Stem survival to major revision for aseptic loosening was 100% at 13 years and for any reason was 97% (95% CI, 93-100%). At revision of seven stems, a long stem was used in one hip, a total femoral replacement in one hip and impaction bone grafting in one hip. No femoral osteotomies were required. Bone was preserved in four hips by cement-within-cement stem exchange. No stems were radiographically loose. Proximal osteolysis was present in 11% of femurs. Femoral bone deficiency was graded as Paprosky Type I (97%) or II (3%) and Endo-Klinik Grade 0 (79%) or I (21%). Conclusions: Cemented polished taper stems have high survival at 13 years in young patients and enable femoral bone preservation for subsequent revision. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a complex surgical procedure such as peri-acetabular osteotomy could be safely learnt by using a programme involving mentoring by a distant expert. To determine this, we examined the incidence of intra-operative complications, the acetabulum correction achieved, the late incidence of re-operation and progressive degenerative arthritis. Methods: Between 1992 and 2004, peri-acetabular osteotomy was performed in 26 hips in 23 patients. The median follow-up was ten (5-17) years. The median age of the patients at operation was 28 (14-41) years. Clinical outcomes were reported and radiographic results were determined by an independent expert. Results: There were no intra-articular osteotomies, sciatic nerve injuries, hingeing deformities or vascular injuries. There was one ischial nonunion. The lateral centre-edge angle improved from a median 4° pre-operatively to 25°. One revision osteotomy, one osteectomy and three total hip replacements were required, two for progression of osteoarthritis. Conclusions: The programme of mentoring was successful in that there was a low incidence of the major intra-operative complications that are often reported during the learning curve period and the acetabular corrections achieved were similar to the originators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty. Staged revision surgery is considered effective in eradicating PJI. We aimed to determine the rate of infection resolution after each stage of staged revision surgery (first stage, repeat first stage, second stage, excision arthroplasty, and reimplantation) and to assess functional outcomes and the mortality rate at ten years in a consecutive series of 30 chronic PJI of total hip arthroplasties. Infection resolution was defined as no clinical nor laboratory evidence of infection at 24 months after the last surgery and after a minimum of 12 months following cessation of antimicrobial treatment. Four patients died within 24 months of their final surgery. Nineteen patients, 73% (worst-case analysis (wca) 63%), were infection free after 1 surgery; 22 patients, 85% (wca 73%), were infection free after 2 surgeries; and 26 patients, 100% (wca 87%), were infection free after three and four surgeries. The median Harris Hip Score was 41 prior to first revision surgery and improved to 74 at twelve months and 76 at ten years after the final surgery. Thirteen patients died at a mean of 64 months from first revision, giving a mortality rate of 43% at ten years, which is approximately 25% higher than that of an age-matched general population. The results show that with repeated aggressive surgical treatment, most PJIs of the hip are curable. Ten years after successful treatment of PJI, functional outcomes and pain are improved and maintained compared to before initial surgery, but this must be balanced against the high 10-year mortality. Level of evidence: cohort studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Validity and Reliability of the Paprosky Acetabular Defect Classification," by Raymond Yu and colleagues, that was published in the March 7, 2013 issue is presented.

Background: The development of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques has enabled the detection, accurate measurement, and monitoring of periprosthetic osteolytic lesions. The aim of this study was to track the progression in size of osteolytic lesions and to determine those factors that are associated with the risk of progression. A secondary aim was to investigate whether progression in size of osteolytic lesions could be monitored with use of radiographs.Methods: We retrospectively determined, with use of sequential CT scans, the progression of periacetabular osteolysis over a period of as much as nine years in a cohort of twenty-six patients (thirty acetabular components) in whom the cementless acetabular component or components had been in place for longer than ten years at the time of the initial CT scan. High-resolution CT scans with metal-artifact suppression were used to determine the volume of osteolytic lesions. Progression in the size of osteolytic lesions per year was calculated as the change in the volume of osteolytic lesions between serial CT scans. Associations were determined between the progression in size of osteolytic lesions, osteolysis rate at the initial CT, patient age, sex, walking limitations, and activity level. Progression in size of osteolytic lesions as determined with use of CT was compared with that determined with use of radiographs.Results: Mean progression in the size of osteolytic lesions, as determined with use of CT, was 1.5 cm(3)/yr (range, 0 to 7.5 cm(3)/yr). The amount of osteolysis at the initial CT scan and patient activity were good predictors of osteolytic lesion progression. The strongest predictor of osteolytic lesion progression occurred when these two risk factors were combined (p = 0.0019). The value of radiographs was limited to monitoring of larger lesions identified by CT.Conclusions: This is the first study to report on the progression of osteolysis adjacent to cementless acetabular components from medium to long-term follow-up. The data suggest that the osteolysis rate at the initial CT and patient activity can be useful factors in predicting the progression in size of periacetabular osteolytic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which aims to track the progression in size of periacetabular osteolytic lesions and to determine the value of radiographs in monitoring progression. It details the methodology using sequential computed tomography (CT) scans in examining the progression of osteolysis lesions in a cohort study group. The findings reveal that osteolysis rate at CT scans and patient activity are useful in predicting the progression in size of periacetabular osteolytic lesions.