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Background: Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder injury that significantly impacts patients' daily lives and work abilities. Although surgical treatment methods for rotator cuff tears have been continuously improved with advances in medical technology, postoperative rehabilitation remains challenging. Therefore, finding effective rehabilitation treatments is crucial for improving patient prognosis and enhancing quality of life. This study will aim to systematically evaluate the impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, comprehensively assessing the efficacy and safety of LIPUS in postoperative recovery. Methods: This protocol will search multiple databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials related to LIPUS for postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears. The search will encompass literature published from the inception of the databases up to April 2024. Methodological quality assessment and data extraction will be conducted using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis will be performed on appropriate studies using either random-effects or fixed-effects models, and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be included in the analysis. All analyses will be performed using Stata version 16.0. Results: The incidence of rotator cuff tear rates will be assessed by imaging techniques such as MRI or ultrasound. Pain intensity will be scored using standardized pain assessment scales, such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Improved range of motion (ROM) in shoulder flexion, abduction, and rotation. Functional outcomes will be evaluated using effective measures such as Constant-Murley scores (CMS) and shoulder joint scores by American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES). Adverse events associated with LIPUS therapy, including skin irritation, increased pain, or any other complications. Subgroup analysis will also be carried out if possible. Discussion and conclusion: Following the meta-analysis, we will assess the overall effect of LIPUS on postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, and further explore its impact on aspects such as pain relief, functional improvement, and postoperative complications. It is anticipated that this study will provide comprehensive evidence regarding the role of LIPUS in postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, guiding clinical practice and future research. The resultant manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Protocol registration number: CRD42024530798. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing antiswelling hydrogel that retains their low modulus and has three‐dimensional (3D) printability to application in the biomedical field is a current critical issue. Here, we synthesized 3D printing ink consist of poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐allyloxypolyethyleneglycol) (P(AA‐Am‐APEG)) and nanosilica (SiO2) by free radical polymerization, immersed the hydrogel precursor printed by ink in ferric chloride solution to prepare a low modulus, antiswelling, and conductive hydrogel. In the physical cross‐linking network, the coordination interaction and hydrogen bonds contributed to excellent mechanical properties and nSiO2 regulated rheological behavior of ink. Especially, P(AA‐Am‐APEG) molecular chain was a structure containing of APEG branch chain, which could endow antiswelling (the equilibrium swelling rate was only 7% in deionized water) and low modulus (Young's modulus was less than 100 kPa) to hydrogel. The tensile stress could still maintain 90% of the original value after soaking for 24 h. In addition, the existence of iron and chloride ions provided high sensitive deformation‐dependent conductivity to hydrogel. Therefore, the strategy of controlling the swelling and modulus by branch chains would expand the application of hydrogel in biosensors and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In steel production, defect detection is crucial for preventing safety risks, and improving the accuracy of steel defect detection in industrial environments remains challenging due to the variable types of defects, cluttered backgrounds, low contrast, and noise interference. Therefore, this paper introduces a steel surface defect detection model, DBCW-YOLO, based on YOLOv5. Firstly, a new feature fusion strategy is proposed to optimize the feature map fusion pair model using the BiFPN method to fuse information at multiple scales, and CARAFE up-sampling is introduced to expand the sensory field of the network and make more effective use of the surrounding information. Secondly, the WIoU uses a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism introduced in the loss function part to optimize the loss function and solve the problem of accuracy degradation due to sample inhomogeneity. This approach improves the learning ability of small target steel defects and accelerates network convergence. Finally, we use the dynamic heads in the network prediction phase. This improves the scale-aware, spatial-aware, and task-aware performance of the algorithm. Experimental results on the NEU-DET dataset show that the average detection accuracy is 81.1, which is about (YOLOv5) 6% higher than the original model and satisfies real-time detection. Therefore, DBCW-YOLO has good overall performance in the steel surface defect detection task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rotator cuff injury (RCI) is a common musculoskeletal ailment and a major cause of shoulder pain and limited functionality. The ensuing pain and restricted movement significantly impact overall quality of life. This study aims to systematically review the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on RCI. Methods: This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. A literature search, spanning inception to November 1, 2023, will include databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify ESWT studies for RCI treatment. Excluding retrospectives, bias risk will be assessed with the Cochrane tool. Two researchers will independently screen, extract data, and evaluate bias risk. Revman 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. Results: This study aims to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of randomized controlled trials of ESWT in the treatment of RCI, and analyze in detail the effect of ESWT in the treatment of RCI. Results will be analyzed using the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley score, University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES). If applicable, subgroup analysis will also be performed to divide patients into groups according to the energy level of ESWT, the time of intervention, and the degree of tearing of RCI. Finally, the results are submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Discussion and conclusion: There is existing evidence suggesting that ESWT may contribute to the amelioration of pain and functional limitations associated with Rotator Cuff Injury (RCI). This systematic review aims to update, consolidate, and critically evaluate relevant evidence on the effects of ESWT for RCI. The anticipated outcomes may serve as a valuable reference for clinical ESWT practices, covering treatment methods, timing, and intensity. Moreover, this review aspires to provide high-quality evidence addressing the impact of ESWT on RCI-related pain. Simultaneously, the findings of this systematic review are poised to offer guidance to clinicians and rehabilitation therapists. This guidance is intended to enhance the management of pain and functional impairments experienced by individuals with RCI, ultimately leading to improvements in their physical well-being. Trial registration: Protocol registration numberCRD42023441407. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441407. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dry reforming of methane provides an attractive route to convert greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) into valuable syngas, so as to resolve the carbon cycle and environmental issues. However, the development of high-performance catalysts remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a 0.6% Ir/CeO2−x catalyst with a metal-support interface structure which exhibits high CH4 (~72%) and CO2 (~82%) conversion and a CH4 reaction rate of ~973 μmolCH4 gcat−1 s−1 which is stable over 100 h at 700 °C. The performance of the catalyst is close to the state-of-the-art in this area of research. A combination of in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations highlight the importance of the interfacial structure as an intrinsic active center to facilitate the CH4 dissociation (the rate-determining step) and the CH2* oxidation to CH2O* without coke formation, which accounts for the long-term stability. The catalyst in this work has a potential application prospect in the field of high-value utilization of carbon resources. Dry reforming of methane is an attractive route to convert greenhouse gases into valuable syngas. Here, the authors demonstrate design strategy to prepare efficient catalysts towards activation of both C–H and C = O bonds and provide atomic-level insights into interfacial synergistic catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder and a primary cause of shoulder pain and limited function. The resulting pain and limited functionality have a detrimental impact on the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for RCT. Methods: The literature search was conducted on the following databases from inception to February 20, 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were checked to identify the potential studies exploring the effect of ESWT for the treatment of Rotator cuff tendinopathy (Calcification or non-calcification), control group for sham, other treatments (including placebo), without restriction of date, language. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 16 RCTs with 1093 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the control group, ESWT for pain score Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS) (SMD = -1.95, 95% CI -2.47, -1.41, P < 0.00001), function score Constant-Murley score (CMS) (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI 0.67, 1.92, P < 0.00001), University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA) (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI 1.64, 3.74, P < 0.00001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES) (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI 0.93, 1.65, P < 0.00001), Range of motion (ROM) External rotation (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI 0.29, 1.72, P = 0.02), Total effective rate (TER) (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.85, 7.14, P = 0.0002), the differences in the above results were statistically significant. But ROM-Abduction (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI -0.22, 1.66, P = 0.13), the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Currently limited evidence suggests that, compared with the control group, ESWT can provide better pain relief, functional recovery, and maintenance of function in patients with RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bankart lesion is one of the most common lesions of the glenohumeral joint. Several double‐row suture methods were reported for Bankart repair, which could provide more stability, yet more motion limitation and complications. Therefore, we introduced a new double‐row Bankart repair technique, key point double‐row suture which used one anchor in the medial line. The purpose of this article is to investigate the clinical outcomes of this new method and to compare it with single‐row suture. Methods: Seventy‐eight patients receiving key point double‐row suture or single‐row suture from October 2010 to June 2014 were collected retrospectively. The basic information including gender, age, dominant arm, and number of episodes of instability was collected. Before surgery, the glenoid bone loss was measured from the CT scan. The visual analogue scale, American shoulder and elbow surgeons, the University of California at Los Angeles shoulder scale, and subjective shoulder value were valued before surgery and at the last follow‐up. Results: Forty‐four patients (24 patients receiving single‐row suture and 20 patients receiving key point double‐row suture) were followed up successfully. The follow‐up period was 9.2 ± 1.1 years (range, 7.8–11.4 years). At the last follow‐up, no significant differences were detected for any of the clinical scores. The recurrence rate was 12.5% for the single‐row group and 10% for the double‐row group, respectively (p = 0.795) 14 patients (31.8%) in the single‐row group and nine patients (26.5%) in the double‐row group were tested for active range of motion. A statistically significant difference was found only for the internal rotation at 90° abduction (48.9° for single‐row and 76.7° for key point double‐row, p = 0.033). Conclusion: The key point double‐row sutures for Bankart lesions could achieve similar long‐term outcomes compared with single‐row suture, and one medial anchor did not result in a limited range of motion. The low recurrence rate and previous biomechanical results also indicate the key point double‐row suture is a reliable method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous thermal-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to alcohols using renewable energy is a highly attractive approach for recycling greenhouse gases into high-value chemicals and fuels, thereby reducing the dependence on fossil fuels, while simultaneously mitigating the CO2 emission and environmental problems. Currently, great advances have been made on the heterogeneous catalysts, but an in-depth and more comprehensive understanding to further promote this reaction process is still lacking. Herein, we highlight the thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of CO2 hydrogenation reaction firstly. Then, various reaction pathways for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and higher alcohols (C2+ alcohols) have been discussed in detail, respectively, by combining the experimental studies and density functional theory calculations. On this basis, the key factors influencing the reaction performance, such as metal dispersion, support modification, promoter addition and their structural optimization, are summarized on the metal-based and metal-oxide-based catalysts. In addition, the catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation to alcohols and the relationship between structure and properties are mainly summarized and analyzed in the past five years. To conclude, the current challenges and potential strategies in catalyst design, structural characterization and reaction mechanisms are presented for CO2 hydrogenation to alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knowledge of acromioclavicular (AC) joint kinematics and distance may provide insight into the biomechanical function and development of new treatment methods. However, accurate data on in vivo AC kinematics and distance between the clavicle and acromion remain unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate 3-dimensional AC kinematics and distance during arm elevation in abduction, scaption, and forward flexion in a healthy population. It was hypothesized that AC kinematics and distance would vary with the elevation angle and plane of the arm. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 19 shoulders of healthy participants were enrolled. AC kinematics and distance were investigated with a combined dual fluoroscopic imaging system and computed tomography. Rotation and translation of the AC joint were calculated. The AC distance was measured as the minimum distance between the medial border of the acromion and the articular surface of the distal clavicle (ASDC). The minimum distance point (MDP) ratio was defined as the length between the MDP and the posterior edge of the ASDC divided by the anterior-posterior length of the ASDC. AC kinematics and distance between different elevation planes and angles were compared. Results: Progressive internal rotation, upward rotation, and posterior tilt of the AC joint were observed in all elevation planes. The scapula rotated more upward relative to the clavicle in abduction than in scaption (P =.002) and flexion (P =.005). The arm elevation angle significantly affected translation of the AC joint. The acromion translated more laterally and more posteriorly in scaption than in abduction (P <.001). The AC distance decreased from the initial position to 75° in all planes and was significantly greater in flexion (P <.001). The MDP ratio significantly increased with the elevation angle (P <.001). Conclusion: Progressive rotation and significant translation of the AC joint were observed in different elevation planes. The AC distance decreased with the elevation angle from the initial position to 75°. The minimum distance between the ASDC and the medial border of the acromion moved anteriorly as the shoulder elevation angle increased. Clinical Relevance: These results could serve as benchmark data for future studies aiming to improve the surgical treatment of AC joint abnormalities to restore optimal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylcyclohexane (MCH) serves as an ideal hydrogen carrier in hydrogen storage and transportation process. In the continuous production of hydrogen from MCH dehydrogenation, the rational design of energy-efficient catalytic way with good performance remains an enormous challenge. Herein, an internal electric heating (IEH) assisted mode was designed and proposed by the directly electrical-driven catalyst using the resistive heating effect. The Pt/Al2O3 on Fe foam (Pt/Al2O3/FF) with unique three-dimensional network structure was constructed. The catalysts were studied in a comprehensive way including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-mapping, in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and in situ CO-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. It was found that the hydrogen evolution rate in IEH mode can reach up to above 2060 mmol·gPt−1·min−1, which is 2–5 times higher than that of reported Pt based catalysts under similar reaction conditions in conventional heating (CH) mode. In combination with measurements from high-resolution infrared thermometer, the equations of heat transfer rate, and reaction heat analysis results, the Pt/Al2O3/FF not only has high mass and heat transfer ability to promote catalytic performance, but also behaves as the heating component with a low thermal resistance and heat capacity offering a fast temperature response in IEH mode. In addition, the chemical adsorption and activation of MCH molecules can be efficiently facilitated by IEH mode, proved by the operando MCH-FTIR results. Therefore, the as-developed IEH mode can efficiently reduce the heat and mass transfer limitations and prominently boost the dehydrogenation performance, which has a broad application potential in hydrogen storage and other catalytic reaction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the rate of different levels of return to sports (RTS) in athletes undergoing the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure and the factors associated with the level of RTS. Methods: The study was performed retrospectively on patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability who underwent the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The RTS rate, the level of return and the timing of return were assessed. Additionally, factors such as preoperative basic information, clinical outcomes, graft position, graft healing and graft absorption were analysed to investigate their correlation with the level of RTS. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the factors affecting the level of RTS. Results: In total, this study included 182 shoulders of 177 athletes undergoing the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure. Of these patients, 142 (78.0%) shoulders of 137 athletes were enrolled, with a mean of 3.3-year follow-up. At the final follow-up, 134 (94.4%) shoulders were able to RTS, 123 (86.6%) shoulders were able to RTS to the pre-injury level, 52 (36.6%) shoulders could be completely "forgotten" without any psychological barrier during exercise. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the variable associated with RTS at the pre-injury level as previously failed arthroscopic Bankart repair (p < 0.001). As for the "forgetting" operated shoulder, the duration from first dislocation to surgery was a significant independent predictor (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Although a large majority of athletes were able to RTS at the pre-injury level after the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure, about two-thirds of the athletes felt difference in shoulders on both sides and could not completely "forget" the operated shoulder during exercise. Previously failed Bankart repair and the duration from first dislocation to surgery were the risk factors associated with the level of RTS after the modified arthroscopic Bristow procedure. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested whether VRN1 is a substrate of GSK3 phosphorylation by performing I in vitro i VRN1 phosphorylation assays using equivalent amounts of GSK3 or gsk3 proteins. To further test whether GSK3 regulates VRN1 protein abundance, we performed a cell-free protein degradation assay to monitor the contents of GST-VRN1 in the absence or presence of the 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132. GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 physically interacts with VRN1 and regulates its accumulation to mediate flowering in wheat. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of intratendinous subscapularis (inSSC) tears. Methods: Retrospectively, 69 patients with arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears were identified from 2018 to 2019. Preoperatively and at final follow-up, thorough physical examination was performed and clinical outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score; University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] score; visual analogue scale [VAS] for pain; and Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) were recorded. Features of pre-operative magnetic resonance image (MRI) such as high signalling within the tendon substance, communication to the bicipital groove and long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions were investigated. Characteristics of arthroscopic view were investigated. Bear-hug and internal rotation resistance test at 90° abduction and external rotation (IRRT90°) test were used to assess the SSC strength. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.4 (2–3) years. The prevalence of arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears was 69/675 (10.2%) among arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. Pre-operative physical examination found positive IRRT90° and bear-hug test in 41/60 (68.3%) and 42/69 (60.8%) patients, respectively. The Cohen kappa coefficient was interpreted to be substantial for the evaluation of all MRI parameters. According to the conditions of LHBT, inSSC tears were classified into 3 types: type I: without LHBT subluxation and tear; type II: with LHBT subluxation or tears and type III: with LHBT dislocation. At final follow-up, mean ASES, UCLA, VAS, and SST scores improved significantly from mean of 50.6 ± 14.7, 19.4 ± 3.07, 6.2 ± 2.0, and 6.1 ± 2.5 to mean of 90.7 ± 9.5, 32.2 ± 1.8, 1.4 ± 1.2 and 9.8 ± 2.2, respectively (P < 0.001). Bilateral symmetric strength was found by bear-hug and IRRT90° test in all patients postoperatively. Conclusion: Understanding features of pre-operative MRI, physical examination and arthroscopic view is helpful to identify inSSC tears. Arthroscopic repair yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with inSSC tears. Level of evidence: Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food for more than one-third of the world’s population. Tiller number is an important agronomic trait in wheat, but only few related genes have been cloned. Here, we isolate a wheat mutant, tiller number1 (tn1), with much fewer tillers. We clone the TN1 gene via map-based cloning: TN1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein with a transmembrane domain (ANK-TM). We show that a single amino acid substitution in the third conserved ankyrin repeat domain causes the decreased tiller number of tn1 mutant plants. Resequencing and haplotype analysis indicate that TN1 is conserved in wheat landraces and modern cultivars. Further, we reveal that the expression level of the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene TaNCED3 and ABA content are significantly increased in the shoot base and tiller bud of the tn1 mutants; TN1 but not tn1 could inhibit the binding of TaPYL to TaPP2C via direct interaction with TaPYL. Taken together, we clone a key wheat tiller number regulatory gene TN1, which promotes tiller bud outgrowth probably through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling.Tiller number is an important agronomic trait of wheat. Here, the authors clone a positive regulator of wheat tiller number and show that the encoded ankyrin repeat protein can promote tiller bud outgrowth through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biocomposite anchors have been a popular choice for use in coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability and are hypothesized to allow bone ingrowth. Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate the osteointegration of 85% PLLA/15% β-TCP biocomposite anchors used in the coracoid transfer procedure for shoulder instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of abstracted data from the records of 74 patients who underwent coracoid transfer procedures with biocomposite anchors. Computed tomography was performed at 24 months postoperatively. A total of 4 researchers independently reviewed the computed tomography images. The density (in Hounsfield unit [HU] values) of the anchor tunnels, glenoid, and subscapularis was assessed, and osteointegration of the anchor tunnels was evaluated with HU values, the quantitative ossification quality score (QOQS), and tunnel widening. Results: Included were 74 patients (58 male, 16 female), involving 76 shoulders and 124 biocomposite anchors. At ≥24-month follow-up, 72 of 124 (58.06%) anchor tunnels were classified as QOQS type 1, including 12 completely ossified tunnels and 60 almost completely ossified tunnels. Some degree of ossification (QOQS types 1-3) was observed in 118 (95.16%) anchor tunnels. Overall, 3 anchor tunnels were enlarged (QOQS type 5). The mean HU value of the anchor tunnels was 339.75, which was significantly higher than the preoperative HU value of the glenoid vault (262.19). Among the 124 anchor tunnels, 79 had HU values higher than their glenoid HU values, and 45 had lower HU values than their glenoid HU values. In the comparison of tunnel HU values at 12 versus ≥24 months, the HU value at ≥24 months was significantly higher. A total of 20 anchor tunnels widened. Conclusion: Among 124 anchor tunnels, 95.16% showed ossification, 58.06% were completely or nearly completely ossified, and 3 were enlarged. The HU value of the anchor tunnel increased over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis" published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. The correction states that the 6th author, Yulei Liu, was omitted from the original article and has now been added to the author group. Yulei Liu is affiliated with the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University in Beijing, China. The original article has been corrected accordingly. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

In order to realize the optimization of urban spatial patterns in the Yellow River Basin, a study on the inefficient use of urban land in the Yellow River Basin was carried out. In this study, Dali County and Hancheng County in Weinan City are selected as the research areas. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process is used to build a comprehensive evaluation system for the identification of inefficient land in stock; secondly, the standard deviation ellipse method and spatial kernel density estimation method are used to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of inefficient land. Thirdly, the contribution model is used to analyze the influencing factors of inefficient land use. Finally, corresponding redevelopment suggestions are given for each type of inefficient land. The results show that Dali had the smallest area of inefficient land; second is Xincheng Street in Hancheng City; and Longmen Town, Hancheng City has the largest area. The distribution of inefficient land in Dali and Longmen Town in Hancheng City is relatively balanced, while the distribution of all kinds of inefficient land in Xincheng Street in Hancheng City is not concentrated. The density of the road network is the most important contributing factor to inefficient land use in the study area. This paper comprehensively uses the methods of economics and geography to study inefficient land use, quantifies the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of land use units, explores the spatial patterns of land use and enriches the research into relevant theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land cover change detection (LCCD) using remote sensing images (RSIs) plays an important role in natural disaster evaluation, forest deformation monitoring, and wildfire destruction detection. However, bitemporal images are usually acquired at different atmospheric conditions, such as sun height and soil moisture, which usually cause pseudo and noise change in the change detection map. Changed areas on the ground also generally have various shapes and sizes, consequently making the utilization of spatial contextual information a challenging task. In this article, we design a novel neural network with a spatial–spectral attention mechanism and multiscale dilation convolution modules. This work is based on the previously demonstrated promising performance of convolutional neural network for LCCD with RSIs and attempts to capture more positive changes and further enhance the detection accuracies. The learning of the proposed neural network is guided with a change magnitude image. The performance and feasibility of the proposed network are validated with four pairs of RSIs that depict real land cover change events on the Earth’s surface. Comparison of the performance of the proposed approach with that of five state-of-art methods indicates the superiority of the proposed network in terms of ten quantitative evaluation metrics and visual performance. Such as, the proposed network achieved an improvement of about 0.08%–14.87% in terms of overall accuracy (OA) for Dataset-A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some studies have advocated the use of suture button fixation during Bristow-Latarjet surgery to reduce complications associated with screw fixation. However, data comparing these fixation methods are relatively incomplete. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes using screw versus suture button fixation. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We evaluated 136 patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability who underwent the modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery between June 2015 and February 2018. Of these patients, 117 who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled at a mean follow-up of 3.3 ± 0.7 years. Shoulders were separated into 2 groups based on fixation technique: screw fixation (group A; n = 63) or suture button fixation (group B; n = 54). Computed tomography imaging findings and clinical results were assessed preoperatively; immediately after operation; and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and final follow-up. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of postoperative clinical scores, the level of return to sports, range of motion, graft position, or reoperation rates. Bone healing was observed in 97.4% of the cases overall (114/117), with 98.4% bone union in group A and 96.3% in group B at final follow-up. Bone absorption was more common in group A (n = 30; 47.6%) compared with group B (n = 10; 18.5%) (P =.003). There were no hardware-related complications in group B, compared with 7.9% of patients in group A (P =.034). One patient in group B had a recurrent dislocation due to an unexpected event, and there were no recurrent dislocations in group A. Conclusion: After the modified arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure, both suture button and screw fixation methods demonstrated high bony healing rates and low risk of recurrence. Less coracoid graft resorption and no hardware-related complications were seen with suture button fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A swirling drill bit designed with an integrated vane swirler was developed to improve reverse circulation in down-the-hole hammer drilling. Its entrainment effect and influential factors were investigated by CFD simulation and experimental tests. The numerical results exhibit reasonable agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum error of 13.68%. In addition, the structural parameters of the swirler were shown to have an important effect on the reverse circulation performance of the drill bit, including the helical angle and number of spiral blades, swirler outlet area, and the flushing nozzles. The optimal parameters for the swirling drill bit without flushing nozzles include a helical angle of 60°, four spiral blades, and the area ratio of 2, while it is about 30°, 3, and 3 for the drill bit with flushing nozzles. Moreover, the entrainment ratio of the drill bit without flushing nozzles can be improved by nearly two times compared with one with flushing nozzles under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity (AFLT) of the humerus has traditionally been treated with open reduction internal fixation using screw fixation. The clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair with suture anchors remains unknown. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that arthroscopic fixation with suture anchors would result in good clinical outcomes for the treatment of AFLT. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included 15 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of AFLT of the humerus between January 2014 and October 2017. All patients had 3-dimensional computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the avulsed fracture and concomitant injuries before surgery. The arthroscopic double-row and suture-bridge techniques were used based on the morphology of the avulsion fractures. Functional outcomes were assessed with range of motion, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. The bear-hug test, liftoff test, and internal rotation resistance test at 90° abduction and external rotation (IRRT 90°) were used to evaluate subscapularis tendon integrity. Results: The mean follow-up time was 3.5 years (range, 3-5 years). Comminuted fractures with 1 large part and ≥1 small pieces were seen in 12 cases, partial tear of the supraspinatus in 2 cases, Bankart lesion in 2 cases, and superior labrum anterior to posterior injury in 2 cases. There was a statistically significant improvement from the baseline to the final follow-up in the VAS (from 6.9 ± 1.5 to 1.1 ± 1), SSV (from 30.7 ± 5.1 to 90.5 ± 11.6), ASES (from 28.5 ± 7.7 to 92.3 ± 4.5), and UCLA (from 29.5 ± 6.3 to 94.2 ± 8.3) scores (P <.001 for all). All patients showed full range of shoulder motion and bilateral symmetric strength on physical examination with the bear-hug test, liftoff test, and IRRT 90° test. Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair of AFLT resulted in excellent reduction and healing of the displaced fragment. At the final follow-up, clinical and functional results were good. Associated injuries occurred in 40% of patients but did not affect outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a challenge. Demonstrated here is a NiSn atomic‐pair electrocatalyst (NiSn‐APC) on a hierarchical integrated electrode, which exhibits a synergistic effect in simultaneously promoting the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR to formate. The NiSn atomic pair consists of adjacent Ni and Sn, each coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (N4‐Ni‐Sn‐N4). The as‐prepared NiSn‐APC displays exceptional activity for the CO2RR to formate with a turnover frequency of 4752 h−1, a formate productivity of 36.7 mol h−1 gSn−1 and an utilization degree of active sites (57.9 %), which are superior to previously reported single‐atomic catalysts. Both experimental data and density‐functional theory calculations verify the electron redistribution of Sn imposed by adjacent Ni, which reduces the energy barrier of the *OCHO intermediate and makes this potential‐determining step thermodynamically spontaneous. This synergistic catalysis provides a successful paradigm for rational design and preparation of atomic‐pair electrocatalysts with enhanced performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a challenge. Demonstrated here is a NiSn atomic‐pair electrocatalyst (NiSn‐APC) on a hierarchical integrated electrode, which exhibits a synergistic effect in simultaneously promoting the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR to formate. The NiSn atomic pair consists of adjacent Ni and Sn, each coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (N4‐Ni‐Sn‐N4). The as‐prepared NiSn‐APC displays exceptional activity for the CO2RR to formate with a turnover frequency of 4752 h−1, a formate productivity of 36.7 mol h−1 gSn−1 and an utilization degree of active sites (57.9 %), which are superior to previously reported single‐atomic catalysts. Both experimental data and density‐functional theory calculations verify the electron redistribution of Sn imposed by adjacent Ni, which reduces the energy barrier of the *OCHO intermediate and makes this potential‐determining step thermodynamically spontaneous. This synergistic catalysis provides a successful paradigm for rational design and preparation of atomic‐pair electrocatalysts with enhanced performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of nonunion after the Latarjet procedure remains high. The purpose of the present study was to investigate healing and clinical outcomes after a novel arthroscopic coracoid process transfer procedure.Methods: Sixty-three patients who underwent the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure combined with Bankart repair were identified, and 51 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The key feature of this technique was that the coracoid process was trimmed and fixed into a trough (5 to 10 mm deep) in the glenoid neck with a metal screw. Bone graft union and positioning accuracy were assessed with use of postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging. Clinical examinations, return to sport, and functional scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] and Rowe scores) were recorded.Results: The mean duration of follow-up (and standard deviation) was 41.5 ± 7.7 months (range, 36 to 48 months). Postoperative CT scans showed that the position of coracoid graft was at 4:10 (from 3:50 to 5:00) (referencing the right shoulder) in the sagittal view. The α angle was 16.4° ± 9.5°, with 4 (7.8%) of 51 screws being over-angulated (α > 25°). On the axial view, the graft position was considered to be flush in 33 patients (64.7%), medial in 11 (21.6%), congruent in 7 (13.7%), and lateral or too medial in none. At 1 year, the coracoid graft had healed in 49 patients (96.1%) and had failed to unite in 2 patients. CT scanning, performed for 47 patients, showed grade-0 osteolysis in 9 patients, grade-1 osteolysis in 21 patients, and grade-2 osteolysis in 17 patients. At the time of the latest follow-up, there was a significant increase in the Rowe score (from 35.5 ± 8.3 to 95.7 ± 7.2) and the ASES score (from 71.2 ± 9.7 to 91.5 ± 4.4), and 87.0% of patients were able to return to sport. No arthropathy was observed in any patient.Conclusions: After a minimum 3-year follow-up, the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure resulted in a high rate of graft healing, excellent clinical outcomes, and a high rate of return to sports.Level Of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coracoid graft positioning, fixation, and bone union are key factors affecting the clinical outcomes of Bristow and Latarjet procedures. We developed an arthroscopic "inlay" Bristow procedure based on the "mortise-tenon" joint structure concept using suture button fixation to achieve more stable fixation and better bone union of the graft. Purpose: To evaluate the positioning of the coracoid graft, bone union rate, and clinical outcomes of this arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure with suture button fixation. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 62 patients who received the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure with suture button fixation between June 2015 to June 2016 were eligible for inclusion, and 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Radiological assessment on 3-dimensional computed tomography scan was performed preoperatively, immediately after the operation, and postoperatively at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and the final follow-up. Pre- and postoperative clinical results were also assessed. Results: A total of 56 patients were included in this study. The mean ± SD follow-up time was 36.1 ± 3.7 months. Coracoid grafts (middle point) were positioned at 4 o'clock (range, 123.8°± 12.3°) in the sagittal view. In the axial view, 94.6% (53/56) of the graft positioning was measured as flush and 5.4% (3/56) as medial. Neither lateral nor too medial positioning was noted. The bone union rate was 96.4% at final follow-up. The mean visual analog scale score for pain during motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and Rowe score all improved significantly after surgery—from 4.8 ± 2.6 to 1.1 ± 1.0, 69.2 ± 12.5 to 92.5 ± 7.0, and 33.5 ± 12.1 to 96.0 ± 4.9 at last follow-up, respectively. Almost all patients (98%; 55/56) returned to sports within 1 year after surgery at the same or higher level as compared with their preinjury performance. The mean subjective value for sports participation was 90.3% ± 7.1% (range, 70%-100%) as compared with the normal shoulder. The overall complication rate was 3.6%. No degenerative changes were noted in any patients. Conclusion: This study reported the first series of an inlay Bristow procedure with suture button fixation for recurrent shoulder dislocation, providing a satisfactory union rate and excellent graft positioning with a low complication rate. The mortise-tenon joint structure can provide excellent graft fixation and healing, while using suture button fixation instead of screw fixation could reduce osteolysis and complications related to hardware implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloride ion batteries (CIBs) are an example of a promising new emerging rechargeable battery technology, that exhibits large theoretical volumetric energy density performance and good safety. However, unsatisfactory capacity and poor cycling lifetime of the cathode currently hinder the development of CIBs. Herein, we report the use of an Ni2+Fe3+-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated by chloride ions as a promising cathode material for CIBs. [Ni2Fe(OH)6]Cl·1.37H2O (NiFe–Cl LDH) exhibits a high maximum capacity of 350.6 mA h g−1 and a long lifetime of over 800 cycles (at 101.1 mA h g−1) at a current density of 100 mA g−1, which is superior to most currently reported CIB cathodes. In situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the valency changes of the Fe2+/Fe3+ and Ni2+/Ni3+ redox pairs within the metal hydroxide layers of the LDH during electrochemcial cycling. In situ XRD reveals that 2D anion diffusion within the LDH results in only ∼3% structural change. Oxygen K-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS) reveals the oxygen atoms within the MO6 octahedra reversibly participate in the electrochemical reaction. In view of the extensive chemical variation, low-cost, and ease-of-preparation of LDH-based materials we regard LDHs as a promising materials platform for application as cathode materials in chloride ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol to propanediol is an important reaction to produce high value-added chemicals but remains a big challenge. Herein we report a PtCu single atom alloy (SAA) catalyst with single Pt atom dispersed on Cu nanoclusters, which exhibits dramatically boosted catalytic performance (yield: 98.8%) towards glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol. Remarkably, the turnover frequency reaches up to 2.6 × 103 molglycerol·molPtCu–SAA−1·h−1, which is to our knowledge the largest value among reported heterogeneous metal catalysts. Both in situ experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify interface sites of PtCu–SAA serve as intrinsic active sites, in which the single Pt atom facilitates the breakage of central C–H bond whilst the terminal C–O bond undergoes dissociation adsorption on adjacent Cu atom. This interfacial synergistic catalysis based on PtCu–SAA changes the reaction pathway with a decreased activation energy, which can be extended to other noble metal alloy systems. Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass glycerol to propanediol is a promising route for the production of high-value chemicals but remains a challenge. Here, the authors find a PtCu single atom alloy catalyst exhibits remarkably boosted performance with a turnover frequency value of 2.6 × 103 molglycerol·molPtCu–SAA−1·h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction to: I Nature Communications i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36271-z, published online 14 February 2023 The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The rate of nonunion observed among the variety of Bristow-Latarjet procedures reportedly ranges from 9.4% to 28%1. In Chinese timber buildings, the mortise-tenon joint is commonly utilized to connect beams to columns. Drawing inspirations from this concept, we created a bone trough in the glenoid neck to serve as a mortise and trimmed the coracoid graft to serve as a tenon, then fixed this mortise-tenon joint with a metal screw. Compared with a standard Bristow-Latarjet procedure, the key feature of this technique was that the coracoid process was placed into a trough (5 to 10 mm deep) in the glenoid neck, which substantially increased the bone contact area between the graft and glenoid neck. We called this surgical technique the Chinese unique inlay Bristow (Cuistow). Description: Specific instruments have been designed to improve the safety and accuracy of the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure (Weigao, Shangdong, China). The posterior portal (A), superolateral portal (B), and 3 anterior portals (i.e., proximal [C], inferolateral [D], and inferomedial [E]) were utilized. General anesthesia and an interscalene block were administered with the patient in the beach-chair position. The surgical technique can be divided into 6 steps: (1) evaluation of the shoulder joint; (2) coracoid preparation, drilling, and osteotomy; (3) subscapularis splitting and labrum detachment; (4) glenoid preparation and drilling; (5) coracoid retrieval, trimming, transfer, and fixation; and (6) Bankart repair. Alternatives: Soft-tissue capsulolabral repairs or bone reconstruction procedures are commonly performed for the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability2. The arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet procedure is increasingly popular for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with a substantial osseous defect of the glenoid3. Defects that are too large to be restored with the coracoid process can be treated with use of the Eden-Hybbinette procedure or a distal tibial allograft4,5. Rationale: This procedure was inspired by the structure of mortise-tenon joints, resulting in a modified version of the Bristow-Latarjet technique in which the coracoid process is trimmed and placed into a trough (5 to 10 mm deep) in the glenoid neck. This procedure substantially increases the contact area between the fresh bone surface and the coracoid and glenoid neck. Another important advantage of this technique is that it can facilitate accurate positioning of the coracoid on the glenoid. This procedure resulted in a high rate of graft healing, excellent functional outcomes (Rowe and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder scores), and a high rate of return to sport6. Currently, indications of this procedure are (1) participation in high-demand sports (i.e., collision and overhead) combined with the presence of a glenoid defect involving <25% of the glenoid, or (2) any glenoid defect involving 10% to 25% of the glenoid. Expected Outcomes: Increased bone-contact area and accurate positioning of the graft helped to facilitate osseous union, with a union rate of 96.1% at 12 months postoperatively. The clinical outcomes were excellent, with a high rate of return to sport (87%) at a minimum of 3 years of follow-up6. Important Tips: When the coracoid is retrieved through portal D (the inferolateral portal), there is a risk of stretching the musculocutaneous nerve. Trimming the coracoid graft could lead to stretching of the graft and the surrounding soft tissue, resulting in overstretching of the musculocutaneous nerve. To minimize the risk of musculocutaneous nerve injury, (1) the graft should be gently retrieved through portal D, (2) the graft should be trimmed with caution without overstretching it and surrounding soft tissue, and (3) a cannula should be utilized when driving the screw to fix the graft in order to avoid the surrounding soft tissue. Acronyms & Abbreviations: RHD = right-hand dominant MRA = magnetic resonance angiography 3D-CT = 3-dimensional computed tomography PDS = polydioxanone suture MCN = musculocutaneous nerve [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with 6- to 8-stranded hamstring autograft (HG) is better than single-bundle (SB) ACL reconstruction remains debatable, as long-term follow-up data are lacking. Purpose: To prospectively investigate and compare the long-term results of DB and SB ACL reconstruction with a 6- to 8-stranded HG. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence: 1. Methods: A total of 80 patients with chronic ACL rupture were randomized to SB or DB ACL reconstruction with a 6- to 8-stranded HG. In the SB group, both the semitendinosus tendon (ST) and the gracilis tendon (GT) were prepared in 3 or 4 strands, with a total of 6 to 8 strands. In the DB group, the ST was prepared in 3 or 4 strands used for the anteromedial bundle, and the GT was prepared in the same manner for the posterolateral bundle. Each graft was fixed with an EndoButton, a bioabsorbable interference screw, and a staple. Outcome assessment was performed by a blinded independent observer using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Tegner, and Lysholm scores, as well as range of motion (ROM), Lachman test, pivot-shift test, KT-2000 arthrometer side-to-side difference, and return-to-sport data. Results: A total of 68 patients (DB group, 34; SB group, 34) were observed for a mean of 80 months (range, 74-86 months). There were 2 traumatic instability failures and two 5° extension restrictions in the DB group, while no failures or 5° extension restrictions were observed in the SB group. The mean Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores improved significantly in both groups compared with preoperation scores (P < .05). No patient had a positive Lachman test result. No significant differences were found between groups in functional scores, incidence of pivot shift, ROM, Lachman test, KT-2000 arthrometer anterior laxity, or time and level of return to sport. Conclusion: Both SB and DB ACL reconstruction with 6- to 8-stranded HG showed satisfactory results in subjective scores and anteroposterior and rotational stability over a nearly 7-year follow-up; neither technique was superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of preoperative 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpreted with standardized procedure for diagnosing subscapularis (SSC) tears identified by arthroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI for different types of SSC lesions was also evaluated.Methods: Two-hundred and seventy-two consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears identified by arthroscopy were included into this study. All patients had preoperative MRI scans with 1.5 T strength. Totally, seven different signs of SSC tears were evaluated on MRI scans. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated, respectively, according to two classifications of SSC lesions. The definitive diagnosis for SSC lesions was based on the arthroscopic findings.Results: Among the 272 patients in this study, 107 (39 %) had SSC tears confirmed by arthroscopy. The surgeons correctly diagnosed 88 of 107 patients with SSC tears. The overall sensitivity was 82.2 %. The sensitivity of MRI for types I, II, III, IV and V was 70, 82.4, 96, 100 and 100 %, respectively, based on the classification by Lafosse. The sensitivity of MRI for partial-thickness and partial-width, full-thickness and partial-width, full-thickness and full-width tear was 75.3, 96.2, 100 %, respectively, according to the classification by Kim.Conclusions: The sensitivity of MRI in predicting SSC tears preoperatively was improved with the current procedure. Understanding of certain MRI characteristics of SSC tears could increase the accuracy for diagnosing SSC lesions. 1.5 T MRI of the SSC was not reliable for predicting partial thickness and especially less than 1/3 width tears.Level Of Evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A new clinical test for evaluating subscapularis (SSC) integrity was described, and its diagnostic value was compared with the present SSC tests (the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS and bear-hug tests). The new test is called internal rotation resistance test at abduction and external rotation (IRRT). The test is performed at maximal 90° of abduction and maximal external rotation. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five consecutive patients suffering from rotator cuff injury were evaluated preoperatively. Six tests were performed to assess the function of the SSC: the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS, the bear-hug, IRRT at 0° abduction and 0° external rotation (IRRT0°) and IRRT at maximal 90° abduction and maximal external rotation (IRRTM). Arthroscopic findings were the reference for diagnosing of SSC lesions. Results: The IRRTM test showed the greatest sensitivity (76.5 %), and IRLS (31.6 %) test had the lowest sensitivity. The IRRTM had the highest accuracy (79.0 %), and lift-off had the lowest accuracy (65.3 %). Positive IRRTM, bear-hug, belly-press, IRRT0° tests indicate that about one-third of the SSC is torn, and a positive lift-off and IRLS tests predict a severe tear at least two-thirds of the SSC. Conclusions: The IRRTM represents a sensitive diagnostic test for SSC lesions and improves the chance of finding the upper part of the SSC tears. When the IRRTM is positive, the surgeon should pay particular attention to detecting the SSC tendon during arthroscopy. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, Level I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation is scarce and evaporation is intense in desert areas. Groundwater is used as the main water source to develop agriculture in the oases. However, the effects of using groundwater on the ecological environment elicit widespread public concern. This study investigated the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater characteristics in Yaoba Oasis through in situ experiments. The relationship of the mineral content, pH, and main ion content of groundwater with soil salt was quantitatively evaluated through a gray relational analysis. Four main results were obtained. First, the fresh water area with low total dissolved solid (TDS) was usually HCO3− or SO42− type water, and salt water was mostly Cl− and SO42−. The spatial distribution of main ions in groundwater during winter irrigation in November was basically consistent with that during spring irrigation in June. However, the spatial distribution of TDS differed in the two seasons. Second, soil salinization in the study area was severe, and the salinization rate reached 72.7%. In this work, the spatial variability of soil salinization had a relatively large value, and the values in spring were greater than those in autumn. Third, the soil in the irrigated area had a high salt content, and the salt ion content of surface soil was higher than that of subsoil. A piper trilinear diagram revealed that Ca2+ and K+ + Na+ were the main cations. SO42−, Cl−, and HCO3− were the main anions, and salinization soil mainly contained SO42−. Fourth, the changes in soil salt and ion contents in the 0–10 cm soil layer were approximately similar to those of irrigation water quality, both of which showed an increasing trend. The correlation of surface soil salinity with the salinity of groundwater and its chemical components was high. In summary, this study identified the progress of irrigation water quality in soil salinization and provided a scientific basis for improving the oasis ecosystem, maintaining the healthy development of agriculture, managing oasis water resources, and policy development. Our findings can serve as a reference for other, similar oasis research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land cover classification that uses very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images is a topic of considerable interest. Although many classification methods have been developed, the accuracy and usability of classification systems can still be improved. In this paper, a novel post-processing approach based on a dual-adaptive majority voting strategy (D-AMVS) is proposed to improve the performance of initial classification maps. D-AMVS defines a strategy for refining each label of a classified map that is obtained by different classification methods from the same original image, and fusing the different refined classification maps to generate a final classification result. The proposed D-AMVS contains three main blocks. (1) An adaptive region is generated by gradually extending the region around a central pixel based on two predefined parameters (T1 and T2) to utilize the spatial feature of ground targets in a VHR image. (2) For each classified map, the label of the central pixel is refined according to the majority voting rule within the adaptive region. This is defined as adaptive majority voting. Each initial classified map is refined in this manner pixel by pixel. (3) Finally, the refined classified maps are used to generate a final classification map, and the label of the central pixel in the final classification map is determined by applying AMV again. Each entire classified map is scanned and refined pixel by pixel based on the proposed D-AMVS. The accuracies of the proposed D-AMVS approach are investigated with two remote sensing images with high spatial resolutions of 1.0 m and 1.3 m. Compared with the classical majority voting method and a relatively new post-processing method called the general post-classification framework, the proposed D-AMVS can achieve a land cover classification map with less noise and higher classification accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]