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In this paper, we study the codimensions of Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a predator–prey model with alternative prey and prey refuges, which was proposed by Chen et al. [2023]. The results show that the predator–prey model can undergo a supercritical Hopf bifurcation or a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension two under certain parameter conditions. It means that there are some predator–prey models with an alternative prey and prey refuges which have a limit cycle or a homoclinic loop. Moreover, it is also shown that the codimension of Hopf bifurcation is at most one and codimension of Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is at most two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The monoamine neurotransmitter disorders are neurometabolic syndromes caused by disturbances in the synthesis, transport and metabolism of the biogenic amines (the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine; serotonin), which are increasingly recognized as an expanding group of inherited neurometabolic syndromes. Case Description: A 6-month-old male infant who presented with developmental delay and suspected cerebral palsy was diagnosed with infantile parkinsonism-dystonia-2 (MIM: 618049). The whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous c.710C > T (p.Pro237His) transition in the monoamine transporter gene SLC18A2, which was due to paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 10p15.3q26.3, resulting in brain dopamine-serotonin vesicular transport disease. Sanger sequencing confirmed that his unaffected father carried the same mutation in the heterozygous state, while his mother did not carry the same mutation. Autosomal recessive gene mutations in SLC18A2 has been identified in three families in different countries. The infant was treated with pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, and the static tremor was better compared with that before treatment, but the movement disorder was not significantly improved. Conclusion: This case confirmed the causal mutation of SLC18A2 gene and brain dopamine-serotonin vesicular transport disease, which suggested the mechanism of UPD homozygous formation, and confirmed that dopamine agonist treatment could improve some symptoms in affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its variants have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and shown serious social influence worldwide. Jilin Province, China, experienced the first wave of the outbreak from December 2020 to February 2021. Here, we analyzed the genomic characteristics of the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Jilin province using a phylogeographic tree and found that clinical isolates belonged to the B.1 lineage, which was considered to be the ancestral lineage. Several dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 specific linear B cell epitopes that reacted with the convalescent sera were also analysed and identified using a peptide microarray composed of S, M, and E proteins. Moreover, the serum of convalescent patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 showed neutralizing activity against four widely spreading SARS‐CoV‐2 variants; however, significant differences were observed in neutralizing activities against different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. These data provide important information on genomic characteristics, linear epitopes, and neutralizing activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Jilin Province, China, which may aid in understanding disease patterns and regional aspects of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]