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This article investigates the influence of NaPF6 salt content (0–30 wt.% in a varying interval of 5 wt.%) on the structural, electrical, and biodegradable properties of HEC/NaPF6 solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) films. The interaction of salt with the HEC polymer matrix is confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The elemental composition and mapping confirm the appearance of NaPF6 moieties in the HEC polymer matrix. XRD deconvolution reveals that HEC samples with 20 wt.% (H4) and 10 wt.% of salt (H2) have a significantly lower crystallinity index than pure HEC polymer. The H2 and H4 samples show the highest room temperature conductivity values (1.62 × 10−5 and 1.13 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively) among all other prepared samples since carrier concentration influences the ionic conductivity and shares a similar order of conductivity. Thus, the H2 and H4 samples are employed as electrolyte separators in the sodium ion battery, and the results suggest that the H2‐based electrolyte system is more significant. Battery matrices like open circuit voltage (V), current density (μA cm−2), power density (mW kg−1), energy density (Wh kg−1) and discharge capacity (μA h−1) were calculated and found to be 2.48, 5.49, 44.60, 1.69, and 71.05, respectively for H2 electrolyte based cell. Wagner polarization reveals that H2 and H4 constitute the predominant charge carriers (ions) with total ion transference numbers of ⁓0.98 and ⁓0.99, respectively. To evaluate sample degradability, H2 and H4 samples were subjected to 20 and 5‐day biodegradation processes, during which the polymers completely (100%) broke down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, different weight percentages of Mg(NO3)2 were added to a polymer blend composed of chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC). The solution casting method was adopted to prepare the polymer electrolyte films. As the host matrix, the polymer blend consists of 70 wt.% of CS and 30 wt.% of MC. The interactions between the blend and the Mg(NO3)2 salt were revealed by FTIR analysis. The deconvolution of XRD peaks followed by the calculation of crystallinity indicates that the electrolyte samples were amorphous. The bulk resistance decreased with increasing salt content, according to the results of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and this was caused by the influence of carrier concentration. The sample containing 30 wt.% of Mg(NO3)2 was determined to have a maximum value of DC conductivity of 2.12 × 10–5 Scm−1 at room temperature by EIS analysis. The highest conducting film's potential stability was found to be 3.65 V. It was found that the ion transference number was 0.86. The performance of the magnesium ion battery was then evaluated after it was built using the highest conducting polymer electrolyte. Considering this, the current work proposes an eco-friendly, practical, and affordable electrolyte appropriate for making electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased interest in the transition from liquid to solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has driven enormous research in the area polymer electrolyte technology. Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) are a special class of SPEs that are obtained from natural polymers. Recently, SBEs have been generating much attention because they are simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. In this work, SBEs based on glycerol-plasticized methylcellulose/pectin/potassium phosphate (MC/PC/K3PO4) are investigated for their potential application in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The structural, electrical, thermal, dielectric, and energy moduli of the SBEs were analyzed via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transference number measurement (TNM), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The plasticizing effect of glycerol in the MC/PC/K3PO4/glycerol system was confirmed by the change in the intensity of the samples' FTIR absorption bands. The broadening of the XRD peaks demonstrates that the amorphous component of SBEs increases with increasing glycerol concentration, while EIS plots demonstrate an increase in ionic conductivity with increasing plasticizer content owing to the formation of charge-transfer complexes and the expansion of amorphous domains in polymer electrolytes (PEs). The sample containing 50% glycerol has a maximal ionic conductivity of about 7.5 × 10−4 scm−1, a broad potential window of 3.99 V, and a cation transference number of 0.959 at room temperature. Using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the EDLC constructed from the sample with the highest conductivity revealed a capacitive characteristic. At 5 mVs−1, a leaf-shaped profile with a specific capacitance of 57.14 Fg−1 was measured based on the CV data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer blend electrolyte (SPE) films of Polyethylene oxide(PEO)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) doped with Sodium iodide (NaI), were prepared by solution cast method and their structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated using X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Electrical impedance analyser respectively. X-Ray diffraction spectra indicate that, deformation occurred in the structure of the blend followed by doping with NaI salt. The variation in intensity and shifting of characteristic bands in FTIR spectra provides the evidence for formation of complex due to the interaction occurred in the blend with the dopant. Optical energy band gap decreases in the blend samples upon doping and is confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis. Increase of dielectric constant and loss upon doping, exhibits usual behaviour of the polymer electrolytes. An increase in AC conductivity is observed upon doping and maximum conductivity of 9.41 × 10−3 Scm−1 is obtained for 10/90 sample doped with 0.03% Sodium iodide and DC conductivity for the same sample at room temperature is 1.05 × 10–2 Scm−1. In addition, I-T studies confirm the conductivity exhibited by the sample as due to ions and I-V studies show electrochemical stability in the range of good working potential. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that, the prepared sample can be used as polymer electrolytes in the manufacturing of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the chemical reduction method and systematically studied the effect of AgNPs of different loading into polyvinyl alcohol/sodium bromide (PVA/NaBr) polymer electrolytes. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the variation in the crystallinity and complexation with AgNPs loading, respectively. AgNPs are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix as depicted in FESEM. According to transport property studies, it is observed that carrier concentration has a strong influence on ionic conductivity. Additionally, I‐t studies showed that most charge carriers are ions and not electrons. The sample PVA/NaBr with AgNPs, prepared from 6 mM AgNO3 solution (PNAg6) with ionic conductivity 1.22 × 10−4 S cm−1 (one order increase with respect to undoped sample) and highest electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 2.86 V, can be chosen as a suitable candidate for energy storage device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the effect of doping sodium iodide (NaI) salt into a polymer blend matrix of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Solution casting approach was used to prepare solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films. The films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electrical impedance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD showed that NaI incorporation decreased the crystallinity of NaCMC/PVA-based SPE. FTIR technique confirmed the complexation of salt with polymer matrix due to the formation of the coordination bond between Na+ and –OH group and hydrogen bond between I− and –CH group. The sample with 30 wt% NaI showed the highest conductivity of 2.52 × 10–3 S cm−1, strongly influenced by the highest charge concentration (n) , not its mobility (μ). DSC analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (T g) with increasing salt content. TGA studies showed a decrease in thermal stability with salt inclusion. The transference number was found to be 0.99 for the highest conducting sample showing the primary charge carriers are ions. The highest conducting sample exhibited a mechanical strength of 15.42 MPa at room temperature, and it has been used to fabricate a battery to evaluate its suitability in energy storage devices. Graphical abstract created with https://biorender.com. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]