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We report a theoretical study of the bistability of cavity magnon polaritons (CMPs) controlled by dual magnetic nonlinearities. Based on the magnon Kerr effect, we introduce the nonlinear magnon effect in this hybrid system without using the Holstein–Primakoff transformation and find that these two types of nonlinear mechanisms jointly determine the bistability of the system. When the lower-branch polariton is exposed to a microwave driving field, the magnon frequency shift gives rise only to a clockwise hysteresis loop with the appearance of bistability. However, when the upper-branch polariton is exposed to a microwave driving field, the magnon frequency shift produces either a clockwise or counterclockwise hysteresis loop. Interestingly, the bistability vanishes because the Kerr effect cancels the nonlinear magnon effect. Moreover, the simultaneous bistability of both the lower- and upper-branch polaritons occurs when the microwave driving field drives one of the two polaritons. These results for the dual magnetic nonlinearities in CMPs offer more possibilities for information processing and cavity spintronic device design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the recently discovered nonlinear dynamics of cavity–magnon polaritons (CMPs), bistable CMP behavior is investigated theoretically in the case of two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres (YIG1 and YIG2) in a microwave cavity, which is induced by the magnon Kerr effect of YIG1 originating from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The bistability appears in the form of sharp CMP frequency switching. More importantly, when the driving field acts on YIG1 and drives the magnon dark mode, the nonlinear Kerr effect at high excitation plays an important role in creating frequency detuning between the two YIG spheres. This results in sharply vanishing destructive interference between two YIG spheres and simultaneously makes the invisible magnon dark mode visible. However, when the driving field acts on the cavity, the magnon dark mode remains dark and there is no bistability in the CMPs when the driving frequency is tuned to the magnon dark mode, this being because the excitation energy cannot be transferred from cavity to magnon. The present research provides a promising approach for information storage and processing in multimode systems under high excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the new discovery that the nonlinear dynamics of the cavity magnon polaritons have been observed with a small yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere (which introduces a nonlinear Kerr effect) placed into a microwave cavity, we theoretically study the nonlinear behaviors of the magnon dark mode without the magnon Kerr effect by inserting two YIG spheres into a microwave cavity under the strong driving field. The resulting bistability features of the magnon dark mode are sensitive to the frequency detuning between two YIGs and the magnetic field. Especially, when two YIGs have a finite frequency detuning, the magnon dark mode at the cavity resonance frequency does not display bistability. Our research not only sheds light on the nonlinear effect of the magnon dark mode in a strong driving field but also provides a theoretical basis for the application in information storage and novel spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the role of autophagy-related differential long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the pathogenesis of melanoma, we established a prognostic prediction model for patients with melanoma based on the expression profiles of autophagy-related gene. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and GeneCard database, we used single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), uniCOX in R software for COX proportional hazard regression analysis, and enrichment analysis to get an idea of biological processes with autophagy-related genes, which evaluates the relationship between autophagy-related genes and immune cell infiltration in patients with melanoma. The roles of identified lncRNA were evaluated by the risk score based on the results of single factor regression analysis for each lncRNA and on the prognosis for patients obtained from the database. Then, the whole sample was divided into high- and low-risk groups. Survival curve analysis showed that low-risk group had a better prognosis. Enrichment analysis revealed multiple key pathways enriched with lncRNA-associated genes. Analysis of immune cell infiltration revealed differences between high- and low-risk groups. Finally, 3 datasets verified the effect of our model on prognosis. There are important autophagy-related lncRNA in patients with melanoma. Top 6 lncRNA are significantly related to the overall survival rate of patients with melanoma and provide the basis for predicting the prognostic survival of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DAMA/LIBRA is an experiment investigating the presence of Dark Matter particles in the Galactic halo. The target detectors are ultra-radiopure NaI(Tl) crystal scintillators. They are placed inside a low-background set-up at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the I.N.F.N.. DAMA/LIBRA has been in operation in two phases by pursuing the annual modulation as signature to point-out in a model-independent way the presence and the features of the Dark Matter (DM) signal in the counting rate. In its second phase of measurement, DAMA/LIBRA–phase2, it has been working with a lower software energy threshold with respect to DAMA/LIBRA–phase1. DAMA/LIBRA–phase2 confirms the evidence of a signal that meets all the requirements of the model independent Dark Matter annual modulation signature, at 11.8 σ C.L. in the energy region (1–6) keV. In the energy region (2–6) keV, where data are also available from DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA–phase1, the achieved C.L. for the full exposure (2.86 ton × yr, 22 annual cycles) is 13.7 σ ; the modulation amplitude of the single-hit scintillation events is: (0. 0 1 0 1 4 ± 0. 0 0 0 7 4) cpd/kg/keV, and the measured period and phase are well in agreement with those expected for DM particles. Detailed studies have excluded that the observed modulation is due to systematics or side reaction. In this proceedings the results achieved so far by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and the new ones corresponding to two new annual cycles of data will be presented. Future perspectives of the experiment will be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom, and there is often an underlying otological cause. This study investigated the degree of tinnitus-related annoyance in patients with chronic otitis media and analysed whether associations with tinnitus severity exist. Method: The multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study collected prospective data on 478 adult patients suffering from chronic otitis media across 9 otology referral centres in 8 countries. Based on this dataset, we investigated tinnitus severity using participant responses to item 7 of a native version of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12. Results: With respect to tinnitus severity, 23.8 per cent, 17.4 per cent, 15.5 per cent, and 43.4 per cent of participants reported no, minor, moderate, and major inconvenience or greater, respectively. The absence of ear discharge, absence of cholesteatoma, and poorer disease-specific health-related quality-of-life were associated with increased tinnitus severity in patients with chronic otitis media, whereas age, hearing disability and geographical region showed no association. Conclusion: This analysis provided novel insight into potential risk factors for tinnitus in patients with chronic otitis media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the poor accuracy of traditional road traffic safety risk assessment methods, a fuzzy road traffic safety risk assessment based on data-driven technology is proposed. Firstly, the attributes of road traffic risk events and regions are described based on data-driven technology, and the risk assessment model is described; Secondly, the risk probability of road section is calculated by using the semantic information of scene context; The state transition coefficient in DBN network is obtained through data driving, and the empirical data of traffic safety risk is allocated to realize road traffic safety risk assessment. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall, Fl score and accuracy of traffic safety risk assessment of this method are 0.9357, 0.9248, 0.9215 and 91.43% respectively, indicating that this method has good performance in predicting the impact degree of traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-standing model-independent annual modulation effect measured by DAMA deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the I.N.F.N. using different experimental configurations is summarized also including the results of two new annual cycles collected by DAMA/LIBRA-phase2; the total exposure of DAMA/LIBRA–phase2 over 8 annual cycles is 1.53 t yr. The evidence of a signal that meets all the requirements of the model independent dark matter (DM) annual modulation signature is further confirmed at 11.8 C.L. in the energy region (1–6) keV. In the energy region between 2 and 6 keV, where data are also available from DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA–phase1, the achieved C.L. for the full exposure (2.86 t yr) is 13.7 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe and model the evolution of a recent landslide, tsunami, outburst flood, and sediment plume in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. On November 28, 2020, about 18 million m3 of rock descended 1,000 m from a steep valley wall and traveled across the toe of a glacier before entering a 0.6 km2 glacier lake and producing >100‐m high run‐up. Water overtopped the lake outlet and scoured a 10‐km long channel before depositing debris on a 2‐km2 fan below the lake outlet. Floodwater, organic debris, and fine sediment entered a fjord where it produced a 60+km long sediment plume and altered turbidity, water temperature, and water chemistry for weeks. The outburst flood destroyed forest and salmon spawning habitat. Physically based models of the landslide, tsunami, and flood provide real‐time simulations of the event and can improve understanding of similar hazard cascades and the risk they pose. Plain Language Summary: Glacier retreat exposes unstable slopes that can suddenly fail. We describe and model one such event with far‐reaching consequences. The landslide mass (50 million tonnes, equivalent to the combined mass of all Canadian automobiles) entered and suddenly drained a 0.6‐km2 alpine lake in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Displaced water destroyed salmon‐spawning habitat over a distance of 8.5 km and created a plume of sediment and organic matter more than 60 km from the head of the fjord into which the floodwaters discharged. Physically based models are able to simulate the hazard cascade, and such models could be used to improve hazard and risk assessments of these events under future climate change. Key Points: Rapid glacier retreat created conditions that allowed a geohazard cascade to occur in a steep mountain valleyWe describe and model a recent landslide, tsunami, and outburst flood that typifies a deglacial geohazard cascadeFuture work should predict new glacial lakes and use physically based models to simulate the slope, tsunami, and outburst flood hazards [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental observations and theoretical arguments at Galaxy and larger scales suggested that a large fraction of the universe is composed by Dark Matter particles. This motivated the DAMA experimental efforts to investigate the presence of such particles in the galactic halo by exploiting a model-independent signature and very highly radiopure set-ups deep underground. Here, a review of the model-independent positive results, obtained by the DAMA set-ups at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN, and some of the implications will be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data collected by the DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 set-up during two additional annual cycles have been analyzed, further investigating the long-standing model-independent annual modulation effect pointed out by DAMA deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. by using various different experimental configurations. Including the new results, the total exposure of DAMA/LIBRA-phase2 over 8 annual cycles is 1.53 t∙yr and the evidence for a signal that meets all the requirements of the model-independent Dark Matter annual modulation signature is 11.8 σ C.L. in the energy region (1 – 6) keV. In the (2 – 6) keV energy interval, where data are also available from DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA-phase1, the achieved C.L. for the full exposure of 2.86 t∙yr is 13.7 σ. No systematics or side reaction able to mimic this signature (i.e., to account for the whole measured modulation amplitude and to simultaneously satisfy all the requirements of the signature) has been found or suggested by anyone throughout some decades thus far. A preliminary result on the further lowering of the software energy threshold and perspectives are also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) with lumen-apposing metallic stents (LAMS) in patients with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) has proven to be an alternative to luminal stenting in the duodenum and surgical gastroenterostomy. In severely ill patients, the method can provide improved quality of life (QoL) and symptom relief by restoration of the luminal passage of fluid and nutrients to the small intestine. To assess the technical and clinical success and safety of EUS-GE. A dual center retrospective case series of 33 consecutive patients with GOO due to malignant (n = 28) or non-malignant conditions (n = 5). The patients were treated with EUS-GE using cautery enhanced LAMS. Procedures were performed guided by EUS and fluoroscopy in general anesthesia or conscious sedation. Technical success was achieved in all patients. The median procedure time was 71 min and the median hospital stay was three days. Thirty (91%) patients were able to resume oral nutrition after the procedure. Ten patients (30%) experienced adverse events (AEs), including migration of the stent, bleeding, and infection. Four patients had fatal AEs (12%). All stent-related AEs were handled endoscopically. Five patients (15%) needed re-intervention. The median survival time for patients with malignant obstruction was 8.5 weeks (0.5–76), and 13 patients with obstructing malignancies lived 12 weeks or longer. EUS-GE is a minimally invasive and efficient method for restoration of the gastrointestinal passage and may improve palliative care for patients with GOO. The method has potential hazards and should only be offered in expert centers that regularly perform the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectroscopic diagnostics of future fusion reactor plasmas require information on impurity line emissions, especially for relevant high-Z metal elements (e.g., tungsten). These materials will be widely used as plasma facing components for their high heat tolerance and low sputtering yield. Based on an electron beam ion trap, a compact impurity spectra platform is developed to mimic the high-temperature environment of a fusion reactor. The proposed platform can deliver a focused e-beam at energies over 30 keV using a confining magnetic field of ∼1.0 T generated by two superconducting coils (NbTi). Cooled by a closed-loop cryocooler, the coils can avoid the usage of a complicated cryogenic system involving the handling of liquid helium. For spectroscopic studies of highly charged ions, a spherically curved crystal spectrometer is proposed to measure a wavelength range around 2–4 Å covering the typical wavelength range expected to be emitted by metal ions in a fusion plasma. This paper reports the design and development progress of the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mining & Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy is the property of Journal of Mining & Metallurgy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first DAMA/LIBRA–phase2 model-independent results (exposure: 1. 1 3 ton × yr , and software energy threshold at 1 keV). They further confirm — with high confidence level — the evidence already observed by DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA–phase1 on the basis of the exploited model-independent dark matter (DM) annual modulation signature. The total exposure of the three experiments above the 2 keV software energy threshold is 2. 4 6 ton × yr. Here, several DM candidate particles and related scenarios are analyzed including the latest results. Thanks to the increased exposure and to the lower software energy threshold, corollary model-dependent analyses permit to significantly restrict the allowed regions for the parameters spaces of various dark matter candidates and astrophysical, particle and nuclear physics scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) is a promising alternative to Pt catalyst for the H2 evolution in water. However, it is suffered of an electrochemical corrosion. In this report, we present a strategy to tack this issue by embedding the MoSx catalyst within a porous poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix. The PEDOT host is firstly grown onto a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode by electrochemical polymerization of EDOT monomer in an acetonitrile solution to perform a porous structure. The MoSx catalyst is subsequently deposited onto the PEDOT by an electrochemical oxidation of [MoS4]2− monomer. In a 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution, the MoSx/PEDOT shows higher H2‐evolving catalytic activities (current density of 34.2 mA/cm2 at −0.4 V vs RHE) in comparison to a pristine MoSx grown on a planar FTO electrode having similar catalyst loading (24.2 mA/cm2). The PEDOT matrix contributes to enhance the stability of MoSx catalyst by a significant manner. As such, the MoSx/PEDOT retains 81 % of its best catalytic activity after 1000 potential scans from 0 to −0.4 V vs. RHE, whereas a planar MoSx catalyst is completely degraded after about 240 potential scans, due to its complete corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from the latest experiment of non-linearity in cavity magnon polaritons due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) crystal, we theoretically propose a cavity magnonics model that can be used to study the bistable behaviors by changing the coupling strength, which presents the rich and interesting phenomena. In the case of resonance, the critical driving powers of the upper and lower polariton modes have the smaller values for the larger coupling strength but the larger values for the smaller coupling strength. In addition, the upper and lower polariton modes show the repulsive and attractive features, respectively, when the derivative of the coupling strength with respect to the position of the YIG sphere changes from positive to negative. Especially, the bistability of the lower polariton mode disappears when the driving power is strong enough. Our research broadens the means of manipulation of non-linearity in cavity magnon system, which provides a promising application for cavity spintronics and information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vitexin, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, has anti-tumor effect. However, whether it can enhance the radiotherapy sensitization of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on glioma is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitexin. Methods: The nude mice with paw-transplanted glioma were divided into four groups: control group, HBO + radiation group, HBO + vitexin group, and HBO + vitexin + radiation group. The mice of last two groups were daily given vitexin 75 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. 30 min after administration of vitexin, the HBO-treated mice were daily placed in HBO chamber for 60 min. The radiation-treated mice were given local tumor irradiation once every week during the HBO treatment, and the dose of irradiation was 10 Gy/time. The experimental treatment lasted for 21 days. Results: Compared with the HBO + radiation group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor weight coefficient in the HBO + vitexin + radiation group were lower (p < 0.05). Importantly, the contents of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as expressions of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, and GLUT-3 proteins in tumor tissues were also lower in the HBO + vitexin + radiation group than in the HBO + radiation group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Vitexin can cooperate with HBO to sensitize the glioma radiotherapy, and its mechanisms may be correlated to the inhibition of HIF-1α protein expression and subsequent decrements of its downstream protein expressions, which finally cause the reduction of antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought has become one of the most serious meteorological disasters for agricultural production in many areas around the world, and the situation could be worse under the impact of climate change. To facilitate better adaptation planning, this study proposed a drought assessment framework integrating downscaling method, drought index, copula technique, and bivariate frequency analysis, and applied it to investigate the change of the drought characteristics and drought risks from the past to the future in Huang-Huai-Hai River basin (HRB), North China. Drought was firstly defined by standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) based on 1497 observed grid data from 1979 to 2004. Then, we constructed the joint distribution of drought duration and severity based on copulas to detect and quantify the drought risks. To address the effect of climate change, similar calculation process was applied to the future climate data, which was downscaled using delta change method from representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) of 12 general circulation models (GCMs). The study results suggested that, under climate change condition, most irrigation districts over HRB would generally experience lower frequency of drought events but with extended duration; some districts would have more serious drought, but majority would experience similar or even lower level of severity. In light of the mean joint occurrence probability, the irrigation district at the south part of Huai River basin would likely experience the highest increase of drought risks in near future (by 0.86%) and distant future (by 0.76%), while most of other districts over HRB would face low risk of serious drought risks. The obtained results offer useful information to agricultural managers or water resources authorities who are interested in the development of effective long-term adaptation strategies for drought management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) is a major light absorption material that acts as a climate change driver with high radiative forcing and as an air pollutant that reduces visibility and air quality. Thus, reducing the emission and ambient concentration of BC could help address climate change and improve air quality simultaneously. In this study, the mass concentration of atmospheric BC was continuously measured by an aethalometer in Shanghai in 2017. The annual BC concentration was 2.19 ± 1.28 μg/m3, with the highest loading in winter and the lowest loading in autumn. The BC concentrations varied with year and location when compared with previous studies in different locations in Shanghai. The hourly BC concentration had a bimodal distribution, with two peaks during the morning and evening traffic rush hours. Liquid fuels, biomass, and coal combustion contributed 65.7%, 21.5%, and 12.8%, respectively, of the total BC based on the advanced aethalometer model. The three sources varied in different seasons with a high contribution of liquid source in summer and more coal and biomass emissions in winter. High BC concentrations accumulated in the stable weather conditions in the four seasons and appeared when there were high wind speeds from the northwestern direction in winter. The Yangtze River Delta region was the most likely potential source region of high BC loading in the four seasons, and long‐range transport from North China in winter was another likely source region based on the results of cluster analysis and potential source contribution function analysis of backward trajectories. Key Points: One‐year continuous black carbon (BC) concentration was observed and compared with previous studies in different locations of ShanghaiHourly BC showed a bimodal distribution, with two peaks during the morning and evening rush hoursLiquid fuel was the domain source of BC, followed by biomass and coal emissions originating from local emissions and long‐range transport [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GlutoPeak is a new instrument used to measure the rheological properties of wheat flour dough. To determine the role of GlutoPeak parameters in assessing wheat quality, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of three wheat varieties with different gluten strengths were used in this study. The availability of GlutoPeak parameters was determined by comparing the consistency of differences in GlutoPeak parameters with the differences in the genetic effects of NILs and the differences in the conventional quality parameters caused by the genetic effects of those NILs. The results showed that only the difference in peak maximum time was identical to the genetic differences and conventional quality parameters within each of these NIL sets. The conventional quality parameters examined were gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, development time, stability, breakdown time, maximum resistance, extensibility and energy area. Higher gluten strength corresponded to larger peak maximum time. These results provide valuable information concerning the application of the GlutoPeak to the improvement of wheat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic densification behavior of nanoiron powder (∼25 nm particle size) prepressed to ∼35% and ∼45% of solid density was determined based on measurements of shock input stress and wave velocity by using piezoelectric stress gauges. The experimentally determined shock densification response is observed to be sensitive to the initial density (or porosity) of prepressed nanoiron powder compacts. Hugoniot measurements show an obvious densification-distension transition at ∼2 GPa for the ∼35% dense and ∼6 GPa for the ∼45% dense powder compacts. The densification and shock compression responses of the nanoiron powders are also calculated by using isobaric and isochoric models. Correlations of the model calculations with the measured data indicate that the shock Hugoniot of nanoiron powders cannot be correctly described by the currently available analytical models that are otherwise capable of predicting the Hugoniot of highly porous materials (prepressed compacts) of micron-sized powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nuclear Physics & Atomic Energy is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute for Nuclear Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Topological structures based on controllable ferroelectric or ferromagnetic domain configurations offer the opportunity to develop microelectronic devices such as high-density memories. Despite the increasing experimental and theoretical insights into various domain structures (such as polar spirals, polar wave, polar vortex) over the past decade, manipulating the topological transformations of polar structures and comprehensively understanding its underlying mechanism remains lacking. By conducting an in-situ non-contact bias technique, here we systematically investigate the real-time topological transformations of polar structures in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers at an atomic level. The procedure of vortex pair splitting and the transformation from polar vortex to polar wave and out-of-plane polarization are observed step by step. Furthermore, the redistribution of charge in various topological structures has been demonstrated under an external bias. This provides new insights for the symbiosis of polar and charge and offers an opportunity for a new generation of microelectronic devices. Direct observation of the dynamic evolution of polar domain structures at atomic level remains challenging. Here, the authors report the observation of real-time topological transformations of polar structures in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 multilayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the convergence of multiple-site weather generators (SWGs) based on the brute force algorithm (MBFA), a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to search the overall optimal correlation matrix. Precipitation series from weather generators are used as input to the hydrological model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), to generate runoff over the Red Deer watershed, Canada for further runoff analysis. The results indicate that the SWAT model using SWG-generated data accurately represents the mean monthly streamflow for most of the months. The multi-site generators were capable of better representing the monthly streamflow variability, which was notably underestimated by the single-site version. In terms of extreme flows, the proposed method reproduced the observed extreme flow with smaller bias than MBFA, while the single-site generator significantly underestimated the annual maximum flows due to its poor capability in addressing partial precipitation correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adiabatic theorem, an important theory in quantum mechanics, tells that a quantum system subjected to gradually changing external conditions remains to the same instantaneous eigenstate of its Hamiltonian as it initially in. In this paper, we study the quench evolution that is another extreme circumstance where the external conditions vary rapidly such that the quantum system can not follow the change and remains in its initial state (or wavefunction). We examine the matter-wave pressure and derive the requirement for such an evolution. The study is conducted by considering a quantum particle in an infinitely deep potential, the potential width Q is assumed to be change rapidly. We show that the total energy of the quantum subsystem decreases as Q increases, and this rapidly change exerts a force on the wall which plays the role of boundary of the potential. For Q < Q0 (Q0 is the initial width of the potential), the force is repulsive, and for Q > Q0, the force is positive. The condition for the quenching evolution evolution is given via a spin- 1 2 in a rotating magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capability to directly interrogate intracellular structures inside a single cell for measurement and manipulation is important for understanding subcellular and suborganelle activities, diagnosing diseases, and developing new therapeutic approaches. Compared with measurements of single cells, physical measurement and manipulation of subcellular structures and organelles remain underexplored. To improve intracellular physical measurement and manipulation, we have developed a multipole magnetic tweezers system for micromanipulation involving submicrometer position control and piconewton force control of a submicrometer magnetic bead inside a single cell for measurement in different locations (spatial) and different time points (temporal). The bead was three-dimensionally positioned in the cell using a generalized predictive controller that addresses the control challenge caused by the low bandwidth of visual feedback from high-resolution confocal imaging. The average positioning error was quantified to be 0.4 μm, slightly larger than the Brownian motion–imposed constraint (0.31 μm). The system is also capable of applying a force up to 60 pN with a resolution of 4 pN for a period of time longer than 30 min. The measurement results revealed that significantly higher stiffness exists in the nucleus' major axis than in the minor axis. This stiffness polarity is likely attributed to the aligned actin filament. We also showed that the nucleus stiffens upon the application of an intracellularly applied force, which can be attributed to the response of structural protein lamin A/C and the intracellular stress fiber actin filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of stellar spectra from voluminous spectra is a very important and challenging task. In order to better classify stellar spectra, inspired by the principle of deep convolutional neural network (CNN), we propose a supervised algorithm for stellar spectra classification based on 1D stellar spectra convolutional neural network (1D SSCNN). In 1D SSCNN, we modify the traditional 2D convolutional neural network into 1D network to adapt to the spectral classification. On the basis of using convolution algorithm, the spectral features are extracted and used for classification. We first use the stellar spectra data to train a 1D SSCNN to obtain a well-trained model, and then we apply the well-trained model to classify the unknown spectra. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we apply 1D SSCNN to classify three spectral types: F-type spectra, G-type spectra, and K-type spectra and 10 subclasses of K-type spectra: A0-type, A5-type, F0-type, F5-type, G0-type, G5-type, K0-type, K5-type, M0-type, and M5-type spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our 1D SSCNN algorithm obtain higher classification accuracy compared with support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its positive impacts on traffic convenience and resource delivery, metro construction tilts the balance of groundwater resources and destabilizes the groundwater environment. This paper explores the impacts of shield tunnel construction on groundwater environment from the design and construction to an operating metro project, and verifies these impacts through an analysis on the tunnel project in Jinan Metro Line R3. The research shows that the grouting in shield tunneling has a local influence on the groundwater quality and pH, which attenuates with the increase of distance to the tunnel axis; the scope of influence is constrained by the formation lithology. Then, the backpropagation (BP) neural network was adopted to predict the ejection volume of groundwater, and the main influencing factors of water environment were disclosed by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the author discussed the key techniques and prevention systems for prevention of the impacts of shield tunnel construction on water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which described the morphology and redistribution of dopants at the interfaces between silicon-implanted, low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited silicon films with an n[sup+] single-crystal silicon substrate. Review of related literature; Materials and methods used; Findings.

Copyright of Nuclear Physics & Atomic Energy is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute for Nuclear Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biennial plants perceived seasonal stimuli through the photoperiods and vernalization pathways respectively to optimize developmental time. Photoperiods combining with vernalization modulate hormone homeostasis to promote plant normally growth. IAA and ABA play important roles in plant development. Although a series of IAA and ABA genes and their regulation mechanisms have been investigated and characterized extensively in model plants, these underlined mechanisms in Beta vulgaris L. especially under abiotic stress were not entirely clear. This study aimed at exploring IAA and ABA biosynthetic pathway genes and investigating their expression patterns and quantitating analysis hormone by UPLC-MS/MS (ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) in order to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of phytohormone in B. vulgaris. As the results showed BvNIT4 and BvIAA8 contributed to IAA accumulation under nonvernalization condition. Endogenous ABA accumulation in leaves was contributed coordinately by the expression of BvABA2 and BvNCED1 genes both in the vernalized and nonvernalized samples under long day conditions. Vernalization and photoperiods indeed disturb phytohormone genes expression patterns, which data were consistent with the previous studies. New insight was provided to further clarify the molecular mechanism of endogenous hormone in B. vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separation from parents is a key aspect of adolescent development and has been linked to a variety of important mental and behavioral health outcomes. Separation-individuation measures were developed in the United States and have been used in Asian contexts. However, no cross-cultural studies have demonstrated that measures of separation-individuation tap the same domains across Asian and American adolescents. This article describes two studies conducted to develop and initially validate a scale for measuring adolescent separation-individuation. Study 1 (n = 300) developed a Brief Measure of Separation-Individuation (BMSI) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory. The result was a 32-item BMSI that provided comparable test information to the original 148-item measure. Study 2 examined the BMSI for measurement invariance and convergent validity across U.S. and Taiwanese samples (ns = 231 and 323). Findings suggest that functional independence, attitudinal independence, and emotional independence may be culturally invariant separation-individuation constructs. However, conflictual independence seems to be more culturally dependent in that its items were only partially scalar invariant and it was only loosely related to the other separation-individuation factors. Findings are consistent with previous research that recommended against using total scores for the PSI (i.e., scoring a single separation-individuation dimension). This study suggests the BMSI holds promise as a brief measure of separation-individuation that can be used in cross-cultural research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. It remains incompletely understood in the real world how anti‐viral therapy affects survival after HCC diagnosis. Methods: This was an international multicentre cohort study of 2518 HBV‐related HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were utilised to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% (CI) for anti‐viral therapy and cirrhosis on patients' risk of death. Results: Approximately, 48% of patients received anti‐viral therapy at any time, but only 17% were on therapy at HCC diagnosis (38% at US centres, 11% at Asian centres). Anti‐viral therapy would have been indicated for >60% of the patients not on anti‐viral therapy based on American criteria. Patients with cirrhosis had lower 5‐year survival (34% vs 46%; P < 0.001) while patients receiving anti‐viral therapy had increased 5‐year survival compared to untreated patients (42% vs 25% with cirrhosis and 58% vs 36% without cirrhosis; P < 0.001 for both). Similar findings were seen for other patient subgroups by cancer stages and cancer treatment types. Anti‐viral therapy was associated with a decrease in risk of death, whether started before or after HCC diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.62 and 0.79, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Anti‐viral therapy improved overall survival in patients with HBV‐related HCC across cancer stages and treatment types but was underutilised at both US and Asia centres. Expanded use of anti‐viral therapy in HBV‐related HCC and better linkage‐to‐care for HBV patients are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-heterogeneity solid woven fabric samples were investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and chemometrics. Many emission lines were relevant to characterize this material at the surface and in deeper layers of fibers. Differences among dyes and fibers were clearly observed. The scores maps showed the possibility of comparing the chemical compositions of the dye and fiber independent of the print of fabric. Variations in the composition were verified by carrying out a pattern for mapping using a sophisticated LIBS system. This screening can provide a fast evaluation of samples and may associate this information with classification, authenticity or even for forensic analysis of fabric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) is considered to be a potential biological pesticide due to its broad antifungal activity and novel mode of action. However, few studies have reported on HSAF production during fermentation. Thus, this work was executed to optimize the medium composition to maximize HSAF production by Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11, with soybean flour, glucose and CaCl2 identified as suitable nutrients with concentrations of 8·00, 7·89 and 0·72 g l−1 respectively. Simultaneously, the quantitative analysis of HSAF production was established by eliminating the emulsification problem, and the highest HSAF production was determined to be 356·34 ± 13·86 mg l−1 using the optimized medium, 12‐fold higher than when using the 10% TSB medium (29·34 ± 2·57 mg l−1). Furthermore, the cost of this medium was assessed and nearly 31‐fold lower than that of 10% TSB. This study suggests that the optimized medium is not only effective but also economical for HSAF production. Significance and Impact of the Study: Significance and Impact of the Study: Heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) exhibits a potent and broad antifungal activity with a novel mode of action. Increased production and reduced cost of raw materials are particularly important for the future production of HSAF, however, no report was involved in these studies. This study aimed to improve the production of HSAF with cheap raw materials through the medium optimization, which would lay the foundation for the application of HSAF in biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]