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Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technologies are fundamental to reach negative CO2 emissions by removing it from the atmosphere and storing it underground. A promising solution to implement BECCS is pressurized Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC), which involves coupling a pressurized CLC reactor system to a turboexpander. The typical configuration chosen is to have an air reactor and a fuel reactor based on coupled circulating fluidized beds. The fluidization regime in both reactors is preferred to be fast fluidization to enhance gas particle contact and solids circulation among reactors. To design the two reactors, Aspen Plus software was used, given that the new version has a module for fluidized bed modeling. At first, the oxygen carrier was designed ex novo, but given that it is a composite compound mainly made by nickel oxide freeze-granulated on alumina (Ni40Al-FG), the molecular structure has been inserted in Aspen Plus. Then, based on the power of the gas turbine, the power output per kg of evolving fluid (in this case, depleted air) is calculated using Aspen Plus. Once the nitrogen content in the depleted air is known, the total air at the inlet of the air reactor is calculated. The fuel reactor is modeled by inserting the reduction reactions for nickel-based oxygen carriers. The paper presents a useful methodology for developing pressurized Chemical Looping Combustors to be coupled to gas turbines for power generation. The provided data will be cross-validated with 0D-models and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a simple methodology for the design of the air reactor of a chemical looping combustor to optimize its characteristics when it is employed connected to a turbo expander to produce power. The design process, given a certain objective (e.g., electric power) defines the reactor specifics, namely height and diameter, taking into account the following aspects: solids inventory of the air reactor; gas velocity; air reactor transport disengaging height (TDH); solids concentration profile along the reactor height, dense bed height; freeboard height; pressure drop depending on air reactor injectors design and configuration. The total air reactor height was about 9.5 m, while the diameter was about 1.8 m. The total inventory was about 10,880 kg; while the circulation rate in the air reactor was about 110 kg/s. The operating pressure and temperature were, respectively, 12 bar and 1200 °C. The average velocity of the gases inside the reactor was about 4 m/s. The fluidization regime resulted to be comprised between turbulent and fast fluidization. Further work must be directed into the estimate of the pressure drop of the reactor, which will affect the plant efficiency in a considerable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorrect CitationIn the original publication [[1]], the reference [18] was mistakenly cited, which has been deleted. With this correction, the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly.The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.By Wang Lu; Pietro Bartocci; Alberto Abad; Aldo Bischi; Haiping Yang; Arturo Cabello; Margarita de Las Obras Loscertales; Mauro Zampilli and Francesco FantozziReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

To realize a carbon negative power production technology, it is interesting the option of coupling a Chemical Loping Combustor to a gas turbine. The development of this technology foreseen in the project GTCLC-NEG has some technical barriers, the most important of which is the operation of the chemical looping combustor at high temperature and high pressure conditions. To overcome these limits CFD modeling can be performed to optimize the behavior of the combustor and its design process. This work models the FUEL reactor of a chemical looping combustion plant working in batch mode and based on the reactor available at the Instituto de Carboquimica in Zaragoza, Spain. It is used an oxygen carrier mainly based on 60% mass Fe2O3 and 40% mass Al2O3. Biomethane is fed to the bottom of the fluidized bed with different velocities and mass flows and the composition of the gases at the outlet of the fuel reactor is measured. The results show that it is possible to model a 2 min duration reduction cycle by running the model for a time comprised between a minimum of 4 h and a maximum of 2 days of simulation. Another important result is the modeling of the chemical reactions happening in the reactor. Kinetics is modelled based on Activation energy (66 kJ/mol) and Pre-exponential factor (4.34 × 101 m3n mol−n s−1). The simple kinetic scheme gives reasonable first approximations and can be used to determine the duration of the reaction, the composition of the exhaust gases and the biofuel conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The article presents research into the reactivity and SO2 sorption abilities of calcareous sorbents, which vary in quality. Two sorbents were used: limestone and travertine, with grain sizes between 0.125 and 0.250 mm. The sorbent reactivity tests were performed on a laboratory test stand. The reactivity index and the conversion degree were also determined. SO2 sorption studies were conducted in an industrial boiler. The desulphurization efficiency was determined taking into the account the content of calcium and sulphur put into and taken out of the boiler. The relation of the desulphurization process parameters such as fuel sulphur content, stream sorbent, sorbent utilization degree, desulphurization efficiency, depending on the molar ratio Ca/S and the duration of the process was specified. The SO2 sorption results were compared with the reactivity index of the sorbents. The investigation in dry combustion‐gas desulphurization methods showed the high quality of the sorbents whose reactivity index is above 3.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]