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With the advancement of modern science and technology, large scientific facilities are increasingly oriented toward demand and application, and can be used for basic research as well as serving multiple disciplines. Developing large scientific facilities and related analytical technologies enhances understanding of large scientific facilities and popularizes their application in research across multiple disciplines. The combination of light or neutron sources from large scientific facilities and advanced analytical technologies can be achieved for materials structure information, dynamics study of chemical reactions, high dissociation of biomolecules, 3D visualization of energy materials or biological samples, etc. We first introduce the progress of domestic large scientific facilities of synchrotron radiation (SR) and free electron lasers (FELs) with different wavelengths and neutron sources. We further discuss the comparison between Chinese and typical foreign facilities in X-ray radiation from X-ray tubes, synchrotrons, X-ray FELs, and neutron sources based on physical parameters of light and neutron sources. In addition, we focus on the technological progress and perspectives combined with advanced X-ray radiation and neutron sources of large scientific facilities in China, especially in the nanoscience fields of energy catalysis and biological science. We hope that this roadmap will provide references on technology and methods to experimental users, as well as prospects for future development of technologies based on large research infrastructure facilities. Comprehensive studies and guidelines for basic research to practical application in various disciplines can be made with the assistance of large scientific facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Xinong 511, a new wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum variety with excellent fusarium head blight resistance, the QTLs were mapped to the wheat chromosomes 5B and 7A with named QFhb.nwafu-5B and QFhb.nwafu-7A, respectively. Novel Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance germplasms and genes are valuable for wheat improvement and breeding efforts. Thinopyrum ponticum, a wild relative of common wheat, is a valuable germplasm of disease resistance for wheat improvement and breeding. Xinong 511 (XN511) is a high-quality wheat variety widely cultivated in the Yellow and Huai Rivers Valley of China with stable FHB-resistance. Through analysis of pedigree materials of the wheat cultivar XN511, we found that the genetic material and FHB resistance from Th. ponticum were transmitted to the introgression line, indicating that the FHB resistance in XN511 likely originates from Th. ponticum. To further explore the genetic basis of FHB resistance in XN511, QTL mapping was conducted using the RILs population of XN511 and the susceptible line Aikang 58 (AK58). Survey with makers closely-linked to Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, Fhb5, and Fhb7, indicated that both XN511 and the susceptible lines do not contain these QTL. Using bulked segregant analysis RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) and newly developed allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) markers, QTLs in XN511 were successfully located on wheat chromosomes 5B and 7A. These findings are significant for further understanding and utilizing FHB resistance genes in wheat improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TeO2 single crystal has drawn much attention in recent years due to its excellent acousto‐optic (AO) performance in the field of spectral imaging and optical processing. The optical properties of TeO2 single crystal are critical for the fabrication of AO devices. To improve the optical properties of the TeO2 single crystal, Mn4+ ions were doped into the TeO2 lattice. Herein, bulk TeO2 single crystal and TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal have been successfully grown by a Bridgman method. Compared with the TeO2 single crystal, a 30% transmittance increase was observed in the TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal. Furthermore, the TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal shows a smaller extinction coefficient (≤0.01) in the Vis–NIR region, indicating less optical loss. The bandgap energy of TeO2:0.02Mn4+ was broadened from 3.360 to 3.635 eV. In addition, TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal exhibits a higher refractive index (about 2.244), which indicates that TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal is a potential medium for high‐efficiency AO devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide methyltransferases (HMTs) provide an effective way to regenerate S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) from S‐adenosyl homocysteine and reactive electrophiles, such as methyl iodide (MeI) and methyl toluene sulfonate (MeOTs). As compared with MeI, the cost‐effective unnatural substrate MeOTs can be accessed directly from cheap and abundant alcohols, but shows only limited reactivity in SAM production. In this study, we developed a dynamic cross‐correlation network analysis (DCCNA) strategy for quickly identifying hot spots influencing the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, and applied it to the evolution of HMT from Paraburkholderia xenovorans. Finally, the optimal mutant, M4 (V55T/C125S/L127T/L129P), exhibited remarkable improvement, with a specific activity of 4.08 U/mg towards MeOTs, representing an 82‐fold increase as compared to the wild‐type (WT) enzyme. Notably, M4 also demonstrated a positive impact on the catalytic ability with other methyl donors. The structural mechanism behind the enhanced enzyme activity was uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. Our work not only contributes a promising biocatalyst for the regeneration of SAM, but also offers a strategy for efficient enzyme engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide methyltransferases (HMTs) provide an effective way to regenerate S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM) from S‐adenosyl homocysteine and reactive electrophiles, such as methyl iodide (MeI) and methyl toluene sulfonate (MeOTs). As compared with MeI, the cost‐effective unnatural substrate MeOTs can be accessed directly from cheap and abundant alcohols, but shows only limited reactivity in SAM production. In this study, we developed a dynamic cross‐correlation network analysis (DCCNA) strategy for quickly identifying hot spots influencing the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, and applied it to the evolution of HMT from Paraburkholderia xenovorans. Finally, the optimal mutant, M4 (V55T/C125S/L127T/L129P), exhibited remarkable improvement, with a specific activity of 4.08 U/mg towards MeOTs, representing an 82‐fold increase as compared to the wild‐type (WT) enzyme. Notably, M4 also demonstrated a positive impact on the catalytic ability with other methyl donors. The structural mechanism behind the enhanced enzyme activity was uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. Our work not only contributes a promising biocatalyst for the regeneration of SAM, but also offers a strategy for efficient enzyme engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among many unexpected phenomena of active matter is the recently observed superfluid-like thinning (viscosity drop) behavior of bacteria suspensions. Understanding this peculiar self-propelled thinning by active matter is of theoretical and practical importance. Here, we find that, although distinct in driving mechanisms, active matter and shear flows exhibit similar thinning behaviors upon the increase of self-propulsion and shear forces, respectively. Our structural characterizations reveal that they actually share the same cluster-breaking mechanism of thinning. How fast and how shattered the cluster is broken determines the (dis)continuity of the thinning. This explains why adding active particles to Newtonian fluids can cause thinning, in which rotation of active particles play a key role in breaking clusters. Our work proposes a mechanism of self-propelled thinning and further establishes the underlying connections between active matter and shear flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent reports indicate a potential oncogenic role of antihypertensive drugs in common cancers. However, it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon influences the risk of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study aimed to assess the potential causal effects of blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive drugs on GBM. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and GBM in Europeans were downloaded. To represent the effects of antihypertensive drugs, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SBP/DBP adjacent to the coding regions of different antihypertensive drugs as instrumental variables to model five antihypertensive drugs, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, β‐receptor blockers (BBs), and thiazide diuretics. Positive control studies were performed using GWAS data in chronic heart failure. The primary method for causality estimation was the inverse‐variance‐weighted method. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that BBs with the β1‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) as a therapeutic target could significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating DBP (OR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.267–0.697, p <.001) and that they could also significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating SBP (OR = 0.595, 95% CI: 0.422–0.837, p =.003). Sensitivity analysis and colocalization analysis reinforced the robustness of these findings. Finally, the low expression of the ADRB1 gene in malignant gliomas was found by GBM data from TCGA and single‐cell RNA sequencing, which most likely contributed to the poor prognosis of GBM patients. In summary, our study provides preliminary evidence of some causal relationship between ADRB1‐targeted BBs and glioblastoma development. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings and further reveal the complex relationship between BP and GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis represents a superior strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of chemical synthesis on the environment. In particular, the utilization of bio-sourced materials for nanomaterial synthesis constitutes a more sustainable and environmentally sound alternative. In this study, silver–carbon particle (Ag-CP) nanocomposites were prepared by a green hydrothermal method using lily bulbs as raw materials and were employed for glucose detection. Through the use of various physical characterization techniques, it was demonstrated that the natural lily hydrothermal method yielded carbon particles that were modified with Ag nanoparticles. The electrochemical characteristics of the Ag-CP nanocomposites for glucose sensing were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the constructed glucose sensor was capable of detecting concentrations within the range of 1–11 mM (R2 = 0.998), with sensitivity of 203.56 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 76.6 μM (S/N = 3). The Ag-CP nanocomposite sensor also exhibited notable electrocatalytic activity and remarkable anti-interference capability. In light of the exceptional sensing performance, coupled with the straightforward and cost-effective preparation process, the development of nanocomposite materials employing naturally sourced biological materials represents an attractive avenue for the production of eco-friendly nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fermionic hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach has found wide application in the exploration of open quantum systems, and extensive efforts have been committed to improving its efficiency and accuracy in practical calculations. In this work, by scrutinizing the stationary-state and dynamic properties of Kondo-correlated quantum impurity systems, we show that the strength of Kondo correlation induced by the system-environment entanglement primarily determines the converged hierarchical truncation tier of the HEOM method. This complements the rule of thumb regarding the positive correlation between the height of hierarchy and system-environment coupling strength. These insights will provide useful guidelines for developing a more sophisticated fermionic HEOM method for the investigation of many-body open quantum systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, in the blockchain-based distributed microgrid trading system, there are some problems, such as low throughput, high delay, and a high communication overhead. To this end, an improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm (CE-PBFT) suitable for microgrid power trading is proposed. First, a node credit value calculation model is introduced, and nodes are divided into consensus, supervisory, and propagation nodes according to their credit values, forming a hierarchical network structure to ensure the efficiency and reliability of consensus. Secondly, the consensus process is optimized by adopting a segmented consensus mechanism. This approach calculates the consensus rounds for nodes and selects the methods for node-type switching and consensus based on these calculations, reaching dynamic changes in node states and credit values, effectively reducing the communication overhead of node consensus. Finally, the experiments show that compared with the IMPBFT and PBFT algorithms, the CE-PBFT algorithm has better performance in throughput, delay, and communication overhead, with a 22% higher average throughput and 15% lower average delay than the IMPBFT algorithm and a 118% higher average throughput and 87% lower average delay than the PBFT algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, analysis of the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the unpolar fractions [petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (C)] of fruits and leaves of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. were carried out, as well as the bioactivities of the main compounds nootkatone and valencene. From PE and C fractions of the fruits, and PE fraction of the leaves, 95.80%, 59.30%, and 82.11% of the chemical constituents respectively were identified by GC-MS. Among these identified compounds, nootkatone was the main compound in all of three fractions, while valencene was the second main compound in the PE fractions of the fruits and leaves. The bioactivities results showed that all of the fractions and the major compound nootkatone showed tyrosinase inhibitory, as well as inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. While valencene only presented inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The critical genes involved in nootkatone biosynthesis in A. oxyphylla were identified from the public transcriptome datasets, and protein sequences were preliminarily analyzed. Our studies develop the usage of the unpolar fractions of A. oxyphylla, especially its leaves as the waste during its production, and meanwhile provide the gene resources for nootkatone biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the substitution elasticity of capital on the labour force in the context of the development of intellectualization. Given the substitution of capital for labour, China's benchmark listed logistics companies are compared with an American company to discuss the evolution of capital – labour substitution. A large-scale intellectualization process began in 2017, and based on a variable elasticity of substitution, this paper creates an econometric model of substitution elasticity between capital and labour and its evolution between 2017 and 2021. The American logistics company UPS maintains a relatively high level of substitution elasticity, and Chinese logistics companies are quickly catching up. The substitution elasticity of capital on labour in Chinese enterprises trends upward year after year. In 2021, the capital – labour substitution elasticity of logistics enterprises in both countries showed considerable growth. The calculation model of substitution elasticity presented in this paper can be extended to different regions and industries to measure intelligent development levels and the relationship between capital and the labour force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze effects of tectorigenin on improving cognitive deficits in rats with vascular dementia (VD) by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low, medium and high doses [25, 50, 100 mg/(kg⋅d)] tectorigenin groups and positive control group [piracetam 324 mg/(kg⋅d], with 12 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group, VD models were replicated in other groups. After successful modeling, different doses tectorigenin groups and positive control group were administered intragastrically with different doses of tectorigenin and piracetam, while other groups were administered intragastrically with same volume of normal saline for 28 d. Spatial learning and memory ability were detected by Morris water maze. Neurotransmitter levels in hippocampus interstitial fluid were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-electro-chemical. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptor b (TrkB) expressions in hippocampus were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related proteins in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with sham operation group, escape latency was longer, while stay time in target area and times of crossing platform were lower in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, escape latency was shorter, while stay time in target area and times of crossing platform were higher in medium and high doses tectorigenin groups (P<0.05). NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in model group were lower than those in sham operation group (P<0.05), which were higher in medium and high doses tectorigenin groups than model group (P<0.05). Compared with sham operation group, BDNF and TrkB mRNA and proteins levels were lower, while TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins levels were higher in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, BDNF and TrkB mRNA and proteins levels were higher, while TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins levels were lower in medium and high doses tectorigenin groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Tectorigenin can improve cognitive deficits in VD rats, which may be related to regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate control of liquid–liquid interfaces is of great importance in many scientific fields. Currently, most studies on liquid–liquid interfaces are based on microfluidics in closed channels, and for open systems, it is difficult to form stable liquid–liquid interfaces in microchannels due to the interference of gas-phase molecules. Here, we introduce a new method to manipulate the motion of the liquid–liquid interface under an open microchannel. Under the effect of surface tension, the liquid–liquid interface moves in microchannels until it encounters microstructures in the microchannels, where the force equilibrates and remains stable to form a fixed shape. The shape of the interface is regulated by adjusting the dimensions of the microchannels and microstructures as well as the positions of the microstructures in the microchannels. This spontaneous liquid–liquid interface moves, stops, and remains stable in a very convenient way. The morphology and position of the interface are well manipulated using microstructures, and the liquid–liquid interface with well-defined geometry can be made to stay in different positions to play different roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron absorption gratings play a crucial role in neutron phase contrast imaging systems, where the fabrication of large-size and small-period absorption gratings that meet imaging requirements presents a significant challenge. The pressurized particle filling method has been successfully applied to fabricate large-size absorption gratings. Here, we investigated the feasibility of the pressurized particle filling method for fabricating small-period gratings and proposed an optimized pressurized particle filling method. The grating surface was covered with a uniform particle layer and then pressurized, utilizing the adaptive deformation of the particle layer to achieve uniform particle filling. Neutron absorption gratings with an area of 60 × 60 mm2 and periods of 8 and 4 µm were fabricated through this method. The particle filling rate and fabrication efficiency were successfully improved. In addition, the evaluation of the particle filling uniformity method by analyzing the proportion of particles on the grating surface was proposed. The better uniformity of small-period neutron absorption gratings indicated that the optimized pressurized particle filling method can achieve relatively uniform particle filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in LRRK2 (encoding leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 protein, LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity was observed in sporadic PD. Therefore, inhibition of LRRK2 has been tested as a disease‐modifying therapeutic strategy using the LRRK2 mutant mice and sporadic PD. Here, we report a newly designed molecule, FL090, as a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, verified in cell culture and animal models of PD. Using the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine mice and SNCA A53T transgenic mice, FL090 ameliorated motor dysfunctions, reduced LRRK2 kinase activity, and rescued loss in the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Notably, by RNA‐Seq analysis, we identified microtubule‐associated protein 1 (MAP1B) as a crucial mediator of FL090's neuroprotective effects and found that MAP1B and LRRK2 co‐localize. Overexpression of MAP1B rescued 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium induced cytotoxicity through rescuing the lysosomal function, and the protective effect of FL090 was lost in MAP1B knockout cells. Further studies may be focused on the in vivo mechanisms of MAP1B and microtubule function in PD. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FL090 as a therapeutic agent for sporadic PD and familial PD without LRRK2 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the continuous development of photoactive layer material, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) binary organic solar cells (BOSCs) has been significantly improved. However, it is difficult for BOSCs to maximize the effective utilization of the wide spectrum of solar energy, limiting the further improvement of PCE. Adding a third component to BOSCs that constructing ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) is an effective method to broaden the absorption spectrum of BOSC, match the gradient energy level, and regulate the morphology of the active layer. Constructing TOSCs can not only effectively improve the device performance, but also maintain the advantages of easy‐to‐fabricate single‐junction device structures. In this review, we first introduced the basic working mechanism of TOSCs. Then based on the working mechanism, we comprehensively reviewed the latest research results of TOSCs, and analyzed the effects of the third component on the microscopic morphology of the active layer, photovoltaic performance and device stability. Finally, we systematically summarized the role of the third component in TOSCs and proposed some future development trends of TOSCs, such as designing and synthesizing more economical, green, and environmentally friendly TOSCs that towards the commercial application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, molybdenum nitride (MoN) gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT has been investigated with MoN developed in various physical vapour deposition (PVD) conditions. The Schottky gate is studied through forward and reverse characteristics with different processed MoN, which is compared with the standard Ni gate. Similar DC and radio frequency (RF) performances are obtained with MoN and Ni gate, while MoN demonstrated higher reliability than Ni gate through RF aging test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, a crucial marine ecosystem in China, has been plagued by frequent harmful algal blooms as due to deteriorating water quality and eutrophication. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of harmful algal blooms in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000 to 2022 using the Floating Algae Index (FAI) calculated from MODIS (2000–2022) and Sentinel-2 (2015–2022) satellite image datasets. The calculation results of the image datasets were compared. The frequency of planktonic algal outbreaks was low and constant until 2017, but has increased annually since then. Algae blooms are most common in the summer and primarily concentrated along the bay's coast, middle, and mouth, with obvious seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics. Several factors influencing algal outbreaks were identified, including sea surface temperature, wind speed, air pressure, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus ratios, chemical oxygen demand, and petroleum pollutants. Algal bloom outbreaks in Jiaozhou Bay are expected to remain high in 2023. The findings provide crucial information for water quality management and future algal outbreak prediction and prevention in Jiaozhou Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TESS Survey has released a large number of high-precision light curves of contact binaries. However, using the Phoebe program and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to obtain the posterior distribution of contact binary parameters is a time-consuming process. In order to obtain the contact binary parameters from the TESS survey, we build neural network (NN) models and combine them with the MCMC algorithm to obtain the contact binary parameters and parameter errors quickly. NN model is used in place of the physical model, which can generate a light curve with a precision of less than a millimagnitude. The NN model is capable of generating light curves at a speed that is four orders of magnitude faster than Phoebe running on the same computing platform. In this study, we have determined the parameters of 318 contact binary systems exhibiting relatively symmetric light curves. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was conducted on the derived parameters of these 318 targets. The coefficient of determination (R 2) for 318 contact binaries between the light curves generated by Phoebe using these parameters obtained by the NN model and MCMC as inputs and the original light curves is greater than 0.99. Additionally, the distribution and correlation of the parameters for these 318 contact binary systems have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the highest degree of malignancy and the worst prognosis. The application of immunotherapy for TNBC is limited. This study was to verify the potential application of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T cells) targeting CD24 named as 24BBz in treatment of TNBC. 24BBz was constructed by lentivirus infection and then was co-culture with breast cancer cell lines to evaluate the activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity of engineered T cells. The anti-tumor activity of 24BBz was verified in the subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. We found that CD24 gene was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer (BRCA), especially in TNBC. 24BBz showed antigen-specific activation and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against CD24-positive BRCA tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, 24BBz showed significant anti-tumor effect in CD24-positive TNBC xenografts and T cells infiltration in tumor tissues, while some T cells exhibited exhaustion. No pathological damage of major organs was found during the treatment. This study proved that CD24-specific CAR-T cells have potent anti-tumor activity and potential application value in treatment of TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbial community is particularly essential in the sustainable cropping systems, which may partially account for the vulnerability of soils in continuous cropping (CC). However, the succession patterns and drivers of microbial communities in CC strawberry fields need to be further elucidated. Shifts in the structure and function of soil bacteria and fungi during strawberry CC (0, 2, 5, 15, and 18 years) were investigated using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. The results demonstrated declines in diversity, richness index, and bacterial/fungal ratios in long‐term CC soils. Variance partition analysis identified pH, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus as primary environmental factors affecting bacterial communities, whereas pH, available potassium, and available phosphorus dominated fungal communities. During strawberry CC, the relative abundances of the major genera Bacillus, Trichoderma, and Arthrobotrys first rose and then declined, while those of the other main genera Sclerotiniaceae and Fusarium gradually rose. Furthermore, the microbial functional annotation revealed that CC significantly altered the functional microbial flora, with a marked decrease in the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but an increase in those of potential plant fungal pathogens in CC soils. The structural equation model revealed that CC significantly affected pH and potential plant fungal pathogens, with a standardized total effects of −0.77 and 0.82, respectively. Thus, strawberry CC significantly altered soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities and functions. These results provide theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration of strawberry CC sickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explored the digestion of lily polysaccharides at different stages in the human body through simulation experiments, and studied its rheological properties and biological activities. The structural characteristics of the digested lily polysaccharide were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and the molecular weight after digestion was determined. Through rheological experiments, the viscosity of digested lily polysaccharide decreased in the flow performance test with the increase of shear rate, showing the characteristics of shear thinning. Meanwhile, after Cross model fitting, its correlation was better, which was consistent with the order of area size of thixotropic rings in thixotropy experiments; its dynamics measurement of viscoelasticity showed that the solutions of LPG 7, LPGI 9 and LPI 7 were in a relatively stable solid state and had good gel properties and system stability. And the interrelationships between the molecules were active, which was in line with the optimal pH and reaction conditions for digestion of lily polysaccharides in the human body. The antioxidant activity of lily polysaccharide after digestion was tested, and it was found that lily polysaccharide after digestion had good scavenging activity on DPPH, ABTS free radicals and FRAP. These results provide changes in the structure and activity of lily polysaccharides after digestion, provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of digestion in vivo, and provide valuable and scientific support for future use as functional foods and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, permeable geopolymer concrete with high compressive strength and permeability is prepared using alkali-activated metakaolin as a slurry, and its mechanical properties are reinforced by adding steel fibers. The influencing factors of the strength, porosity and permeability coefficient of the fiber-reinforced permeable geopolymer concrete, as well as its microstructure and curing mechanism, are determined by conducting an unconfined compressive strength test, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The test results show that, under the water permeability required to meet the specification conditions, when the alkali activator modulus is 1.4 and the activation-to-solid ratio is 0.9, the effect of metakaolin activation is the most obvious, and the unconfined compressive strength of the permeable geopolymer concrete is the highest. Moreover, the paste formed via the alkali activation of metakaolin contains a large number of silica–oxygen and aluminum–oxygen bonds with a dense and crack-free structure, which enables the paste to tightly combine with the aggregates; the strength of the permeable geopolymer concrete is early strength, and its strength at a curing age of 3 days is the highest. The strength at a curing age of 3 days can reach 43.62% of the 28-day strength; the admixture of steel fiber can effectively improve the strength of the permeable concrete, and with an increase in the amount of admixture, the strength of the fiber shows a trend of increasing, and then decreasing. Under the conditions of this test, a volume of steel fiber of 0.3% enables the optimum unconfined compressive strength to be reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of permeable concrete, glass fiber was added to this type of concrete. Based on an unconfined compressive strength test, non-contact full-field strain measurement system, and scanning electron microscopy test, the effects of aggregate particle composition, shaking time, fly ash content, fiber length, and fiber content on the strength and permeability of permeable concrete were studied. The results show that the strength and water permeability of permeable concrete are negatively correlated with an increase in shaking time. When the aggregate particle size is 5–10 mm, the permeable concrete has both good strength and permeability. Proper incorporation of fly ash improves the compactness inside the structure. The influence of different lengths of glass fiber on the strength of permeable concrete first increases and then decreases, and the permeable property decreases. With the same fiber length, the strength increases first and then decreases with an increase in the content, while the porosity and water permeability coefficient decrease. Under the test conditions, when the length of glass fiber is 6 mm, and the dosage is 2 kg/m3, the strength performance of permeable concrete is the best, and the permeability effect is good at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, a crucial marine ecosystem in China, has been plagued by frequent harmful algal blooms as due to deteriorating water quality and eutrophication. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of harmful algal blooms in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000 to 2022 using the Floating Algae Index (FAI) calculated from MODIS (2000–2022) and Sentinel-2 (2015–2022) satellite image datasets. The calculation results of the image datasets were compared. The frequency of planktonic algal outbreaks was low and constant until 2017, but has increased annually since then. Algae blooms are most common in the summer and primarily concentrated along the bay's coast, middle, and mouth, with obvious seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics. Several factors influencing algal outbreaks were identified, including sea surface temperature, wind speed, air pressure, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus ratios, chemical oxygen demand, and petroleum pollutants. Algal bloom outbreaks in Jiaozhou Bay are expected to remain high in 2023. The findings provide crucial information for water quality management and future algal outbreak prediction and prevention in Jiaozhou Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate disparities in drivers' visual search behavior across various typical traffic conditions on prairie highways and analyze driving safety at the visual search level. The study captured eye movement data from drivers across six real-world traffic environments: free driving, vehicle-following, oncoming vehicles, rear vehicles overtaking cut-in, roadside risks, and driving through intersections, by carrying out a real vehicle test on a prairie highway. The drivers' visual search area was divided into five areas using clustering principles. By integrating the Markov chain and information entropy theory, the information entropy of fixation distribution (IEFD) was constructed to quantify the complexity of drivers' traffic information search. Additionally, the main area of visual search (MAVS) and the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV) were introduced to measure visual search range and stability, respectively. The study culminated in the creation of a visual search load evaluation model that utilizes both VIKOR and improved CRITIC methodologies. The findings indicated that while drivers' visual distribution and transfer modes vary across different prairie highway traffic environments, the current lane consistently remained their primary area of search for traffic information. Furthermore, it was found that each visual search indicator displayed significant statistical differences as traffic environments changed. Particularly when encountering roadside risks, drivers' visual search load increased significantly, leading to a considerable decrease in driving safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug resistance limits the treatment effect of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the cause of cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Methods: We performed survival and gene set variation analyses based on HNSCC cohorts and identified the critical role of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) in cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) examination, colony formation assays and flow cytometry assays were conducted to examine the role of TNFAIP2 in vitro, while xenograft models in nude mice and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO)-induced HNSCC models in C57BL/6 mice were adopted to verify the effect of TNFAIP2 in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (Co-IP/MS) were performed to determine the mechanism by which TNFAIP2 promotes cisplatin resistance. Results: High expression of TNFAIP2 is associated with a poor prognosis, cisplatin resistance, and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HNSCC. Specifically, it protects cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Mechanistically, the DLG motif contained in TNFAIP2 competes with nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by directly binding to the Kelch domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which prevents NRF2 from undergoing ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation. This results in the accumulation of NRF2 and confers cisplatin resistance. Positive correlations between TNFAIP2 protein levels and NRF2 as well as its downstream target genes were validated in HNSCC specimens. Moreover, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TNFAIP2 significantly enhanced the cisplatin treatment effect in a 4NQO-induced HNSCC mouse model. Conclusions: Our results reveal the antioxidant and cisplatin resistance-regulating roles of the TNFAIP2/KEAP1/NRF2/JNK axis in HNSCC, suggesting that TNFAIP2 might be a potential target in improving the cisplatin treatment effect, particularly for patients with cisplatin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is recently linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), where the key genes and molecules involved are still yet to be defined. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) esterifies polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which is essential to trigger ferroptosis, and is suggested as a key gene in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases including ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that ACSL4 expression in the substantia nigra (SN) was increased in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated model of PD and in dopaminergic neurons in PD patients. Knockdown of ACSL4 in the SN protected against dopaminergic neuronal death and motor deficits in the MPTP mice, while inhibition of ACSL4 activity with Triacsin C similarly ameliorated the parkinsonism phenotypes. Similar effects of ACSL4 reduction were observed in cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and it specifically prevented the lipid ROS elevation without affecting the mitochondrial ROS changes. These data support ACSL4 as a therapeutic target associated with lipid peroxidation in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topochemical polymerization of molecular crystals into porous materials is of significance due to their promising applications in the field of adsorption and catalysis, yet rarely reported due to the synthesis difficulty. Herein, a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-45) has been fabricated by the crystallization of a cage-like building block containing three alkynyl groups. It exhibits almost mesoporous structure demonstrated by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Light-driven topochemical polymerization of HOF-45 with ethanedithiol covalently links alkynyl groups in HOF-45, generating a hydrogen-bond and covalent-bond cross-linked material (HOF-45C). In contrast to HOF-45, cross-linked HOF-45C retains the crystalline nature and displays improved solution resistence according to the powder X-ray diffraction data. In particular, HOF-45C is able to support the growth of ultrafine palladium nanoparticles with the average size of ca. 1.9 nm for rapidly promoting the degradation of nitrophenol, methyl orange, and congo red with the help of NaBH4 as well as Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. This work inputs a new idea on the HOFs application in preparing covalent-linked porous organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As data relay satellites (DRSs) play an increasingly important supporting role in remote sensing missions, efficient coordination across space–ground multiresources becomes a significant problem. Owing to the implementation problem of the centralized coordinate methods, this paper studies a distributed coordinate resource scheduling method which is realizable in the current space network structure. To be specific, we first formulate the multiple resource coordination problem into an MILP problem based on a modified time-expanded graph. Then, the problem is transferred and decomposed into subproblems for remote sensing satellite (RSS) systems and DRS systems to solve distributedly. Afterwards, we propose a distributed iterative scheme for the RSS systems and DRS systems based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), in which only the schedule information of the inter-satellite links are required to exchange between RSS systems and DRS systems. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of our distributed coordinated resource scheduling algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Periodontitis is closely associated with kidney disease and reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement. Mitochondria are the primary source of both endogenous ROS and renal energy. We investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) prevents renal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in periodontitis rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into control, experimental periodontitis (Ep) and Ep‐RSV groups. To induce periodontitis, a steel ligature was placed on the cervix of the bilateral first maxillary molars. RSV (50 mg/kg/day) to the Ep‐RSV group and vehicle to the Ep and control groups were gavaged. After 8 weeks, alveolar bone loss, pocket depth, gingival blood index and tooth mobility were assessed. Oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) were analysed in renal. Renal function and histology were also evaluated. Results: Compared with the control group, the Ep group showed renal structural destruction, elevated oxidative stress levels, mitochondrial structure destruction, MMP loss, mitochondrial ROS accumulation, ATP reduction, and decreased SIRT1 and PGC‐1α levels. RSV prevented these destruction (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant impairment in renal function (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Periodontitis induces mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tissues. Resveratrol exerts a preventive effect on periodontitis‐induced kidney injury by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational regulation of electronic structures and functionalities of framework materials still remains challenging. Herein, reaction of 4,4′,4′′‐nitrilo‐tribenzhydrazide with tris(μ2‐4‐carboxaldehyde‐pyrazolato‐N,N′)‐tricopper (Cu3Py3) generates the crystalline copper organic framework USTB‐11(Cu). Post‐modification with divalent nickel ions affords the heterometallic framework USTB‐11(Cu,Ni). Powder X‐ray diffraction and theoretical simulations reveal their two‐dimensional hexagonal structure geometry. A series of advanced spectroscopic techniques disclose the mixed CuI/CuII state nature of Cu3Py3 in USTB‐11(Cu,Ni) with a uniform bistable Cu34+(CuI2CuII) : Cu35+(CuICuII2) (ca. 1 : 3) oxidation state, resulting in a significantly improved formation efficiency of the charge‐separation state. This endows the Ni sites with enhanced activity and USTB‐11(Cu,Ni) with outstanding photocatalytic CO2 to CO performance with a conversion rate of 22 130 μmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 98 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational regulation of electronic structures and functionalities of framework materials still remains challenging. Herein, reaction of 4,4′,4′′‐nitrilo‐tribenzhydrazide with tris(μ2‐4‐carboxaldehyde‐pyrazolato‐N,N′)‐tricopper (Cu3Py3) generates the crystalline copper organic framework USTB‐11(Cu). Post‐modification with divalent nickel ions affords the heterometallic framework USTB‐11(Cu,Ni). Powder X‐ray diffraction and theoretical simulations reveal their two‐dimensional hexagonal structure geometry. A series of advanced spectroscopic techniques disclose the mixed CuI/CuII state nature of Cu3Py3 in USTB‐11(Cu,Ni) with a uniform bistable Cu34+(CuI2CuII) : Cu35+(CuICuII2) (ca. 1 : 3) oxidation state, resulting in a significantly improved formation efficiency of the charge‐separation state. This endows the Ni sites with enhanced activity and USTB‐11(Cu,Ni) with outstanding photocatalytic CO2 to CO performance with a conversion rate of 22 130 μmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 98 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell phone call operations during driving can lead to distraction and cause potential safety hazards. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the driver's visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was carried out based on a driving simulator and eye tracker. The eye movement data of drivers during normal driving, hands-free call, and video call under two typical traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on the urban expressway were collected. Firstly, four visual characteristics indicators that were highly sensitive to traffic conditions and driving states were selected in terms of visual field range, visual recognition, visual search, and visual load, which were the information entropy of fixation area (IEFA), saccade amplitude, peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV), and relative change intensity of pupil area (RCPA). Then, based on the improved CRITIC method, the visual stability coefficient (VSC) was constructed as a new indicator to comprehensively assess the risk level of the driving state, and the assessment criteria were divided. Finally, the grey correlation analysis method was introduced to verify the assessment effect of VSC. The results show that different cell phone call modes increased driving risk in both traffic conditions. Among them, the negative influence of video calls on driving safety was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, with a significant decrease in VSC, and the drivers' VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the driving risk increased significantly during distracted driving. The VSC can quantitatively assess driving risk from the perspective of visual psychological safety and contributes to the development of corresponding early warning and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemosensation of tarsi provides moths with the ability to detect chemical signals which are important for food recognition. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the chemosensory roles of tarsi are still unknown. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious moth pest that can damage many plants worldwide. In the current study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing with total RNA extracted from S. frugiperda tarsi. Through sequence assembly and gene annotation, 23 odorant receptors 10 gustatory receptors and 10 inotropic receptors (IRs) were identified. Further phylogenetic analysis with these genes and homologs from other insect species indicated specific genes, including ORco, carbon dioxide receptors, fructose receptor, IR co-receptors, and sugar receptors were expressed in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Expression profiling with RT-qPCR in different tissues of adult S. frugiperda showed that most annotated SfruORs and SfruIRs were mainly expressed in the antennae, and most SfruGRs were mainly expressed in the proboscises. However, SfruOR30, SfruGR9, SfruIR60a, SfruIR64a, SfruIR75d, and SfruIR76b were also highly enriched in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Especially SfruGR9, the putative fructose receptor, was predominantly expressed in the tarsi, and with its levels significantly higher in the female tarsi than in the male ones. Moreover, SfruIR60a was also found to be expressed with higher levels in the tarsi than in other tissues. This study not only improves our insight into the tarsal chemoreception systems of S. frugiperda but also provides useful information for further functional studies of chemosensory receptors in S. frugiperda tarsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of expanded body diameter on the displacement field of soil surrounding a pile under different vertical loads was investigated using the half-face pile model test of undisturbed soil. Digital image correlation technology was used to record the displacement characteristics of soil around the pile in real time. The displacement and failure characteristics of the soil around the pile were analyzed. The results show that with an increased load, the soil below the expanded body is compressed, and the soil at both ends will slip, leading to the continuous development of cracks. In a horizontal direction, the soil surrounding the pile first moves close to the pile and then tends to stabilize or move away from the pile. The horizontal and vertical displacement of the soil decreases as the distance from the pile increases. The main area of influence on the soil is below the expanded body, in which the increased diameter of the expanded body results in a gradual increase in the area of influence. Furthermore, all of the load-settlement curves show a slow decline and the bearing capacity increases with the increased diameter of the expanded body. Therefore, the research in this paper can provide an experimental method for the study of soil displacement around drill-expanded concrete piles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the outcome of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for massive hemoptysis, as well as potential factors that may contribute to the recurrence of hemoptysis after BAE. Methods: A total of 105 patients with massive hemoptysis treated with BAE were analyzed. Results: The immediate control rate of bleeding was 84.8% (67/79); however, during the 36-month follow-up, 45.3% (29 out of 64) of the patients had recurrent hemoptysis after BAE. Comorbidities, pituitary hormone treatment, the angiographic appearance of artery dilation and hypertrophy, and the materials used for BAE were significantly correlated with the success rate of the BAE, while lack of pituitary hormone treatment and existence of arterio-arterial or arteriovenous fistula were risk factors for the recurrence of hemoptysis after BAE. Only a small proportion of patients (9/105, 8.6%) had mild complications after BAE treatment. Conclusion: Findings suggest that BAE continues to be an effective treatment for massive hemoptysis in emergency settings. Moreover, the treatment of underlying pulmonary diseases and comorbidities is important to increase BAE's success rate of BAE and decrease the risk of recurrent hemoptysis after BAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of conjugation on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide guidelines to design the structures for desired applications. In this work, two two-dimensional (2D) porphyrin-based COFs and corresponding topological polymerized three-dimensional (3D) materials have been prepared. Theoretical calculations and experimental results revealed that the linkages between the porphyrins played critical roles in the degree and orientation of conjugation. The topological polymerization of diacetylenyl groups led to increased conjugation of the structures but disturbed the delocalization of the 2D π-conjugation planes. As a result, the 2D COFs with well extended π-conjugated planes exhibited more excellent third-order nonlinear optical properties and stronger excited-state absorption. This work would provide valuable inspiration for the subsequent investigation on the structure–activity relationships by adjusting the conjugation orientation of COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our subject in this research is an open pit mine under the jurisdiction of a district, and we have built a comprehensive supervision system for mining based on the remote sensing technology provided by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). We used Phantom 4 as the data acquisition device in the open-pit mine to establish a real-scene 3D model of the mine. A 3D geographical fence was constructed by adding the spatial data of mineral rights. On the digital pedestal of a real-scene 3D model, one can achieve quantitative supervision through multi-temporal comparisons. The use of GNSS sensors enabled us to obtain positioning information and trajectory of the mine cars to achieve an automatic warning system. In addition, we simultaneously built a virtual teaching platform to simulate the entire process of mine supervision. Our research results show that the effective combination of UAV remote sensing technology and GNSS technology improves the integration of multi-source monitoring data and brings about significant breakthroughs in the field of the intelligent supervision of mines. The construction of a virtual simulation platform has been used to educate a large number of remote sensing technology application personnel and has value as a tool for teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of snow-melting agents on the glass fiber-reinforced cemented soil under freezing-thawing cycles, three widely used snow-melting agents, including potassium acetate, magnesium chloride, and sodium sulfate, were used in this article. The effects of snow-melting agent types on the apparent damage, mass loss, and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cemented soil under freezing-thawing cycles were analyzed through salt freezing and unconfined compressive strength tests. The results show that the snow-melting effect of potassium acetate is the best, the snow-melting effect of magnesium chloride is the second, and the snow-melting effect of sodium sulfate is the worst. Notably, as the number of freezing-thawing cycles increases, the strength of the test block decreases to varying degrees. After the fifth freezing-thawing cycle, the strength of the block without fiber decreased by 61.30%, 70.22%, and 81.58% in clear water, potassium acetate, and magnesium chloride solution, respectively, while the test block in sodium sulfate solution lost its bearing capacity. A series of studies proved that the snow-melting agent with sodium sulfate as the main component has the most apparent erosion effect on the cemented soil, followed by magnesium chloride, and the erosion effect of potassium acetate is the weakest. The incorporation of glass fiber can effectively improve the resistance of the cemented soil under the action of various salt solution erosion and freezing-thawing coupling and has a significant effect on slowing the development of surface cracks, improving peak strength, and reducing the mass loss rate. This research will provide theoretical support for the design of subgrade and the selection of snow-melting agents in cold areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an epithelial malignant tumor with great challenges of tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Nutlin-3 is a MDM2 inhibitor that can potently activate tumor suppressor gene p53. However, the exact role of Nutlin-3 in OSCC has not been identified yet. SCC-9 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM Nutlin3. MDM2 and p53 protein levels were assessed using western blot analysis. Then, CCK8 assay, clone formation assay, TUNEL staining, wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to analyze the influences of Nutlin3 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in SCC-9 cells. Moreover, SCC-9 cells were co-treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 μM cisplatin and Nutlin3 to determine the effect of Nutlin3 on cisplatin chemosensitivity in OSCC. As expected, Nutlin-3 inhibited MDM2 but restored p53 in OSCC in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Nutlin-3 suppressed the proliferation, clone formation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SCC-9 cells and both boosted the apoptosis. In addition, Nutlin-3 caused a reduced cell viability and an elevated cell apoptosis rate in cisplatin-treated SCC-9 cells, indicating that Nutlin-3 enhanced cisplatin chemosensitivity in OSCC cells. Taken together, Nutlin-3 may suppress tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC and enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]